Biomedical subjects

Akira Ito

Publications and source records attributed to Akira Ito.

147 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Light microscopical observation of infraciliary bands of Eodinium posterovesiculatum in comparison with Entodinium bursa and Diplodinium dentatum.

Morphological features of the four morphotypes of the rumen ciliate, Eodinium posterovesiculatum, are described from pyridinated silver carbonate-impregnated specimens. Infraciliary bands are compared with those of Entodinium bursa and Diplodinium dentatum. In Entodinium bursa, the adoral polybrachykinety is "C" shaped and the vestibular polybrachykinety extends from the dorsal extremity of the adoral polybrachykinety as in other Entodinium species. In Diplodinium dentatum, the adoral polybrachykinety encircles most of the circumference of the vestibular opening and the vestibular polybrachykinety extends from the inner side of the adoral polybrachykinety as in other Diplodinium species. Infraciliary bands in Eodinium posterovesiculatum encircle the whole circumference of the vestibular opening and are, therefore, distinct from Entodinium, Diplodinium and other ciliates in the family Ophryoscolecidae. In Eodinium posterovesiculatum, the adoral polybrachykinety and the anterior part of the vestibular polybrachykinety encircle the vestibular opening. The wide and long vestibular polybrachykinety extends along the right wall of the tubular vestibulum and is bordered by a kinety. Kinetids in the central part of the vestibular polybrachykinety are randomly disposed. The genus Eodinium is valid because of this characteristic polybrachykinety arrangement in Eodinium posterovesiculatum.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Infraciliature and morphogenesis in three rumen Diplodinium ciliates, Diplodinium polygonale, Diplodinium leche, and Diplodinium nanum, observed by light microscopy.

Infraciliature and morphogenesis of three rumen ophryoscolecid ciliates, Diplodinium polygonale Dogiel, 1925, Diplodinium leche Imai et al., 1992, and Diplodinium nanum Imai, 1988, are described from pyridinated silver carbonate-impregnated specimens. These three species have two polybrachykineties in the buccal area and a polybrachykinety in the dorsal ciliary zone. The vestibular polybrachykinety (VP) of D. polygonale and D. leche arises from the dorsal extremity of the adoral polybrachykinety (AP) as in Entodinium species, extending toward the left in D. polygonale and toward the left posterior in D. leche. The VP of D. nanum arises from the inner side of the AP, separate from its dorsal extremity, as in other Diplodinium species and extends toward the left posterior. These series of the polybrachykinety arrangements in D. polygonale, D. leche, and D. nanum can be regarded as transitional forms in the evolution of an Entodinium-like ancestor to Diplodinium. Morphogenesis of these three Diplodinium species is not different from that of other Diplodinium species.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Small bowel bacterial overgrowth is not seen in healthy adults but is in disabled older adults.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO) is defined as an abnormal increase in the number of bacteria in the small intestine, and may be occult in older adults. The aim of this study was to determine whether small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO) is found in healthy older people as a concomitant of normal aging or is seen only in disabled or frail older people, excluding patients with intestinal disease and those who had undergone upper intestinal or gastric surgery. METHODOLOGY: Forty-one relatively healthy older people, aged 74.6 +/- 1.7 (mean +/- SE) years, who engage in regular exercise, and 42 variously disabled older people, average age 78.8 +/- 1.1 years, who commute to a day-care center participated in this study. SBBO was determined by a breath hydrogen (H2) test after ingestion of 50g of glucose solution dissolved in 200mL of water. Physical activity was judged from the number of steps walked per day as measured by a pedometer. Food intake was assessed by an interview. RESULTS: No SBBO-positive subject was seen among the healthy, while 11 (25.6%) of the disabled older adults were positive. The number of steps/day taken by the disabled subjects was extremely low, only 22.3% of that of the healthy (P<0.001). No significant difference was seen between the groups in food intake. The mean age of the SBBO-positive patients was relatively high, 81.5 +/- 2.2 years, and 5 (45.4%) of them were underweight, with a BMI<18.5. CONCLUSIONS: Our results and previous studies indicate that SBBO is seen only in patients with intestinal disease and disabled or frail older people.

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