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Biomedical subjects

Akira Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to Akira Ishida.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Detection of tomato yellow leaf curl virus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction.

The genomic DNA molecule of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus, was amplified from total DNA extracts of TYLCV-infected tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) by the use of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The procedure was also used to amplify TYLCV DNA from total DNA extracts of individual whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) that had fed on TYLCV-infected plants. One of the characteristics of the LAMP method is its ability to synthesize an extremely large amount of DNA. Accordingly, a large amount of by-product, pyrophosphate ion, is produced yielding a white precipitate of magnesium pyrophosphate in the reaction mixture. The presence or absence of this white precipitate allows easy detection of amplification of TYLCV genomic DNA without gel electrophoresis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 release from human leukocytes.

Although proteinases are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and COPD, the mechanism of proteinase release from inflammatory cells has not been thoroughly clarified. We examined matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) release from human leukocytes using soluble agonists such as C5a, FMLP, and PAF. Mononuclear cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils isolated from human leukocytes were incubated with C5a, FMLP, or PAF for 20 min. MMP-9 in supernatants was measured by ELISA. Among mononuclear cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils, MMP-9 was released mainly from neutrophils. FMLP was the most effective stimulus of MMP-9 release from neutrophils among three agonists: C5a, FMLP, and PAF. GM-CSF clearly enhanced FMLP-induced MMP-9 release. Pretreatment of neutrophils with pertussis toxin (PTX) resulted in the inhibition of FMLP-induced MMP-9 release, indicating the contribution of PTX-sensitive G-proteins to intracellular signal transduction in FMLP-induced MMP-9 release. These results suggest that neutrophils release large amounts of MMP-9 in response to FMLP, which is a bacterial product analogue. It cannot be excluded that MMP-9 released from neutrophils may be involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and COPD.

Asthma↗
PubMed2003

A case with acute quadriplegic myopathy following intensive care for idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

We reported a patient who developed acute quadriplegic myopathy (AQM) following treatment with a combination of high-dose steroid and nondepolarizing blocking agent for idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). Few cases of AQM with IIP have been reported in the literature. The HP progressed rapidly in our patient, but the high-dose steroid therapy was effective. The rehabilitative intervention comprised of passive range-of-motion exercise, functional training, and muscle strengthening. After the initial presentation with severe weakness, the AQM gradually improved and the patient regained full physical function in 8 months. The clinical course was almost identical to that of AQM patients with other lung diseases. Though unlikely to influence the improvement of muscle weakness in AQM patients, the lung diseases associated with AQM may require specific consideration in determining suitable rehabilitation programs and observing patients before and after full recovery from dysmobility.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed2002

Signaling pathway for radiation-induced apoptosis in the lymphoblasts from neuronopathic (type A) and non-neuronopathic (type B) forms of Niemann-Pick disease.

Deficient activity of human lysosomal hydrolase, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), results in the neuronopathic (type A) and non-neuronopathic (type B) forms of Niemann-Pick disease (NPD). A deficiency of ASM is known to deprive lymphoblasts of their response to apoptotic induction by X-ray irradiation. To elucidate the genetic heterogeneity of apoptotic induction in NPD cells, we investigated radiation-induced apoptosis of lymphoblasts in patients with type A (genotype: IVS3-2A-G/IVS3-2A-G) and type B (genotype: S436R/S436R) NPD. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblasts established from a patient with type A NPD, a patient with type B NPD and a normal control were irradiated with 20 Gy and incubated for 24 h. The cells were harvested and the morphological features of apoptosis were observed with DNA-specific fluorochrome bis-benzimide. Exposure of lymphoblasts to 20 Gy of radiation resulted in 25-30% apoptosis of total cells in normal lymphoblasts, 8-9% apoptosis in type A NPD and 20-27% apoptosis in type B NPD. The radiation-induced apoptotic response in the lymphoblasts of type A NPD was significantly different from that of the normal lymphoblasts (P<0.0005). On the other hand, the radiation-induced apoptotic response in type B NPD was not markedly different from that in normal lymphoblasts (P=0.624). In the patient with type B NPD, the signaling pathway for radiation-induced apoptosis was preserved in lymphoblasts, which suggests that the extent of cell signaling system disturbance due to ASM deficiency may be related to the phenotypes in types A and B NPD.

Amino Acid Substitution↗
PubMed2002

Comparison between Salter's innominate osteotomy and augmented acetabuloplasty in the treatment of patients with severe Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Analysis of 90 hips with special reference to roentgenographic sphericity and coverage of the femoral head.

This is a roentgenographic and retrospective study comparing the results of two different operative procedures used in the treatment of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: Salter innominate osteotomy, and Augmented Acetabuloplasty. Group I comprised 43 patients (50 hips) who underwent Salter osteotomy. Another 40 patients (40 hips) were treated by Augmented Acetabuloplasty and formed Group 2. In Group 1, 11 (25.58%) patients were girls and 32 (74.42%) were boys. In Group 2, there were 4 (10%) girl and 36 (90%) boy patients. The average age was 6.62 years in Group 1 and 6.35 years in Group 2. Follow-up varied from 2 years to 10 years in both Groups 1 and 2. In Group 1, 18 (36%) hips were in the stage of necrosis, 28 (56%) in fragmentation, and 4 (8%) in reossification; in Group 2, 16 (40%) hips were in necrosis, 23 (57.5%) in fragmentation, and only 1 (2.5%) in reossification. All hips in necrosis were included in Salter and Thompson group B; all hips in fragmentation were classed as Catterall group 3 or 4. Preoperative arthrographs of the 50 hips in Group I were graded according to Laredo: 29 (58%) in group III, 18 (36%) in group IV, and 3 (6%) in group V. Only 23 of the 43 hips of Group 2 had preoperative arthrographs; there were 14 (60.87%) in group III, 8 (34.78%) in group IV, and 1 (4.35%) in group V. The preoperative Wiberg's Center-Edge (CE) angle of Group 2 (19.4 degrees) was significantly greater than that of Group 1 (16.7 degrees). The percentage difference (A%) between immediate postoperative and preoperative CE angle was significantly greater in Group 2. The delta% between final and immediate postoperative CE angle was significantly greater in Group 1, and within Group 1 it was significantly greater at age 4 years to 6 years. The A% between final and preoperative CE angle was statistically the same in both Group I and Group 2. The distribution of good, fair and poor Mose ratings did not differ in Group 1 and Group 2, but there was a tendency of better results after Augmented Acetabuloplasty in children older than 6 years. Younger patients of Group 1 (4-6 years) ended up with good results at a significantly higher frequency than the older ones. Group 1 children with preoperative Laredo III arthrography had good results in a significantly greater number of cases, as compared with Laredo grade IV. The delta% between final and immediate postoperative CE angle was greater in those hips with good Mose rating.

Acetabulum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distal pulmonary cell proliferation is associated with the expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin in the developing rat lung.

Fibronectin is known to regulate the development of the lung. The EIIIA segment of fibronectin is one of the major alternatively spliced segments and modulates the cell proliferative potential of fibronectin in vitro. But the specific role of the EIIIA-containing fibronectin isoform (referred to as EIIIA+ fibronectin) in pulmonary cell proliferation has not been explored in vivo as yet. In this study, to see whether EIIIA+ fibronectin is associated with pulmonary cell proliferation in vivo, the authors immunohistochemically examined the spatiotemporal relationship of the EIIIA+ fibronectin isoform protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a biochemical marker for the cell proliferation, during the alveolar formation in the developing rat lung. EIIIA+ fibronectin protein was localized in the epithelial cells and in the mesenchymal tissues. The expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin protein gradually decreased from the pseudoglandular stage to the saccular stage and then slightly increased from the saccular stage to the alveolar stage. This change in the EIIIA+ fibronectin expression seemed to be in accord with the change in the number of PCNA-positive cells in the distal pulmonary cells throughout the lung development. These results suggest that the expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin is associated with the distal pulmonary cell proliferation during the alveolar formation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Salter innominate osteotomy in the treatment of severe Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: clinical and radiographic results in 32 patients (37 hips) at skeletal maturity.

Between 1979 and 1992, 32 patients (37 hips) were treated in the authors' institution by Salter osteotomy for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Twenty-four patients were male and eight female. Nineteen patients were younger than 7 years of age (84 months). According to Waldenström and Jonsäter, 15 hips (45.54%) showed necrosis, 19 (51.35%) fragmentation, and 3 (8.11%) reossification. All necrotic hips were classified as Salter and Thompson B; considering those in fragmentation, 27 (79.41%) were classified as Catterall group 3 and 7 (20.59%) as group 4. Laredo's arthrographic classification, applied to 34 hips, showed 19 (55.88%) as group 3, 11 (32.35%) as group 4, and 4 (11.77%) as group 5. Mean follow-up was 115.94 months. Wiberg's center-edge angle increased significantly independent of sex and age. The clinical results according to Robinson et al did not show any correlation with sex, age, evolutionary stage, or classifications of Catterall and Mose. The final radiographic evaluation according to Mose showed 16 hips (43.26%) classified as good and 21 (56.76%) as poor. Considering the criteria of Stulberg et al for the final evaluation, 11 hips (29.73%) were included in class 1, 5 (13.51%) in class 2, 13 (35.13%) in class 3, and 6 (21.63%) in class 4. Patients younger than 7 years (84 months) showed better results. There was no significant difference between the results at first (reossification) and final evaluation (skeletal maturity).

Age Determination by Skeleton↗