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Biomedical subjects

A de Vries

Publications and source records attributed to A de Vries.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

On the potential of personal networks for hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: Today, there are many barriers that prevent seamless electronic voice and data communication with remote content and services that the user wants to access at a certain time and place. This is especially the case in hospitals, where the communication needs are very complex and context dependent, and where strict privacy and safety conditions apply. Personal network (PN) technology is expected to enable the various private networks of a single person to communicate seamlessly with each other, hiding underlying network complexity from the user. We have analyzed the usefulness of PNs in hospitals. METHODS: We studied the use case of a medical emergency surgery, and built a demonstrator by integrating models of the specialists' personal area networks, home networks, office networks, and a hospital network into a single virtual network. We performed user studies in various hospitals, using a combination of individual context interviews, scenario and requirements verification, guided experimenting with the demonstrator and concluding workshops. RESULTS: We show that, in case of medical emergencies, PNs can provide a means to enlist remote assistance from peers wherever they are in the world at a particular moment. It can also ease the communication between the operating theatre and the outside world, e.g. for educational purposes.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

Association between milk production and treatment response of ovarian cysts in lactating dairy cows using the Ovsynch protocol.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the level of milk production on the day of diagnosis of ovarian cysts and treatment response using the Ovsynch protocol. On the day of cyst diagnosis (Day 0), 260 lactating dairy cows with ovarian cysts were treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), PGF2alpha on Day 7, GnRH on Day 9, and timed inseminated 16-20 h later (Ovsynch protocol). Pregnancy was determined (by transrectal palpation) between 42 and 49 days after insemination. On Day 0, data for milk production (kg/day), parity, days in milk (DIM), and body condition score (BCS) were recorded. Using the median value for milk production on the day of diagnosis, cows were classified as high producers (>28.5 kg) and low producers ( or=0.05). Primiparous cows were more likely (adjusted odds ratio: AOR=3.63; 95% CI: 95% confidence intervals=1.28-10.30; P<or=0.01) to become pregnant than multiparous cows, and low producers were less likely (AOR=0.31; 95% CI=0.11-0.85; P<or=0.02) to become pregnant than high producers. It was concluded that cows with high milk production on the day of cyst diagnosis were more likely to become pregnant following treatment than cows with low milk production. It appears paradoxical that high milk production predisposes to the occurrence of ovarian cysts, but that high-producing cows respond better to treatment compared to low-producing cows. It is hypothesized that the level of milk production on the day of cyst diagnosis could be an additional potential predictor of success to treatment of lactating cows with ovarian cysts using the Ovsynch protocol.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Genotyping of Giardia in Dutch patients and animals: a phylogenetic analysis of human and animal isolates.

Giardia duodenalis (syn. Giardia lamblia, Giardia intestinalis) is a protozoan organism that can infect the intestinal tract of many animal species including mammals. Genetic heterogeneity of G. duodenalis is well described but the zoonotic potential is still not clear. In this study, we analysed 100 Giardia DNA samples directly isolated from human stool specimens, to get more insight in the different G. duodenalis assemblages present in the Dutch human population. Results showed that these human isolates could be divided into two main Assemblages A and B within the G. duodenalis group on the basis of PCR assays specific for the Assemblages A and B and the DNA sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA and the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes. Genotyping results showed that G. duodenalis isolates originating from Dutch human patients belonged in 35% of the cases to Assemblage A (34/98) and in 65% of the cases to Assemblage B (64/98) whereas two human cases remained negative in all assays tested. In addition, we compared these human samples with animal samples from the Netherlands and human and animal samples from other countries. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the DNA sequences obtained from these Giardia and those available in GenBank. Using gdh DNA sequence analysis, human and animal Assemblage A and B Giardia isolates could be identified. However, phylogenetic analysis revealed different sub-clustering for human and animal isolates where host-species-specific assemblages (C, D, E, F and G) could be identified. The geographic origin of the human and animal samples was not a discriminating factor.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Airway hyper-responsiveness in allergic asthma in guinea-pigs is mediated by nerve growth factor via the induction of substance P: a potential role for trkA.

BACKGROUND: The neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) has been implicated as a mediator in allergic asthma. Direct evidence that inhibition of NGF-induced activation of neurotrophin receptors leads to improvement of airway symptoms is lacking. We therefore studied the effects of inhibitors of NGF signal transduction on the development of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and pulmonary inflammation in a guinea-pig model for allergic asthma. METHODS: Airway responsiveness to the contractile agonist histamine was measured in vivo in guinea-pigs that were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Inflammatory cell influx and NGF levels were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Substance P, a key mediator of inflammation, was measured in lung tissue by radioimmunoassay, while substance P immunoreactive neurons in nodose ganglia were measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: OVA challenge induced an AHR after 24 h in OVA-sensitized guinea-pigs. This coincided with an increase in the amount of NGF in BALF. Simultaneously, an increase in the percentage of substance P immunoreactive neurons in the nodose ganglia and an increase in the amount of substance P in lung tissue were found. We used tyrosine kinase inhibitors to block the signal transduction of the high-affinity NGF receptor, tyrosine kinase A (trkA). Treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (K252a or tyrphostin AG879) both inhibited the development of AHR, and prevented the increase in substance P in the nodose ganglia and lung tissue completely whereas both inhibitors had no effect on baseline airway resistance. Neither treatment with K252a or tyrphostin AG879 changed the influx of inflammatory cells in the BALF due to allergen challenge. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that substance P plays a role in the induction of AHR in our model for allergic asthma which is most likely mediated by NGF. As both tyrosine kinase inhibitors AG879 and K252a show a similar inhibitory effect on airway function after allergen challenge, although both tyrosine kinase inhibitors exhibit different non-specific inhibitory effects on targets other than trkA tyrosine kinases, it is likely that the induction of substance P derived from sensory nerves is mediated by NGF via its high-affinity receptor trkA.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Prediction of nitrogen excretion in dairy farms located in north Florida: a comparison of three models.

The increasing N concentrations in surface and groundwater in north Florida emphasize the need to identify sources of N loss and ways to reduce them. The amount of N excretion produced by dairy farms and deposited into the Suwannee River agro-ecosystem is being heavily scrutinized by regulatory agencies because it is believed to contribute significantly to the high N concentrations in water. Models developed by Van Horn and the USDA-Natural Resource and Conservation Service are used to estimate N balances on dairy farms. This study explores ways to improve these estimates by using dynamic simulation of N excretion over time. The Livestock Dynamic North Florida Dairy Farm model (LiDyNoFlo), which was created for this purpose, is described. The amount of N excretion on a dairy farm depends on crude protein in the diet, milk production, the presence of mature bulls and heifers, and seasonality of production. The LiDyNoFlo considered more variables than earlier models, and estimates of N excretion differed from those of other models. Comparisons consistently showed the LiDyNoFlo predictions of N excretion were between those predicted by the Van Horn model (upper end) and the Natural Resource and Conservation Service model (lower end). The LiDyNoFlo predicted that a 1,000-cow operation produced 324 kg of N excretion/d in February and 307 kg of N excretion/d in August because of seasonal milk production and herd dynamics. Seasonal differences in N excretion are important because they determine the opportunity for N recycling in the crop fields such that total N losses into the Suwannee River agro-ecosystem may be minimized.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of synchronization of ovulation with timed insemination and exogenous progesterone as therapeutic strategies for ovarian cysts in lactating dairy cows.

The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Ovsynch and controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR) protocols under commercial conditions for the treatment of cystic ovarian disease in dairy cattle. A total of 401 lactating dairy cows with ovarian cysts were alternatively allocated to two treatment groups on the day of diagnosis. Cows in the Ovsynch group were treated with GnRH on Day 0, PGF2alpha on Day 7, GnRH on Day 9, with timed insemination 16-20 h later. Cows in the CIDR group were treated with a CIDR insert on Day 0 for 7 days; on Day 7, the CIDR was removed, and cows were treated with PGF2alpha. All cows in the CIDR group were observed for estrus and cows exhibiting estrus within 7 days following removal of the CIDR and PGF2alpha administration were inseminated. The outcomes of interest for this experiment were the likelihood to be inseminated, return to cyclicity (determined by a CL on Day 21), conception and pregnancy rates. Data for these variables were analyzed using logistic regression. The percentage of cows inseminated in the Ovsynch and CIDR groups were 82 and 44%, respectively. Cows in the Ovsynch group were 5.8 times more likely to be inseminated than cows in the CIDR group. Cows with a low BCS were 0.48 times less likely to be inseminated than cows with a high BCS. The percentage of cows with a CL on Day 21 for the Ovsynch and CIDR groups was 83 and 79%, respectively (P > 0.05). Cows with a low BCS were 0.49 times less likely to have CL on Day 21 than cows with a high BCS. Conception and pregnancy rates for cows in the Ovsynch group were 18.3 and 14.4%, respectively. Conception and pregnancy rates for cows in the CIDR group were 23.1 and 9.5%, respectively. There was no significant differences between conception or pregnancy rates in cows in both groups. Primiparous cows were 2.6 times more likely to conceive than multiparous cows. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that fertility was not different between cows with ovarian cysts treated with either the Ovsynch or the CIDR protocols in this dairy herd. In addition, primiparous cows had an increased likelihood for conception compared to multiparous cows, and cows with a low BCS were less likely to be inseminated or have a CL on Day 21, regardless of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Conversion rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomy after endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the treatment of choledocholithiasis: does the time interval matter?

BACKGROUND: Preceding endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in patients with choledochocystolithiasis impedes laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and increases risk of conversion. We studied the influence of time interval between ERC and LC on the course of LC. METHODS: All patients treated for choledochocystolithiasis with ERC and LC during 1996-2001 were studied retrospectively, comparing the course of LC in three time interval groups; LC < 2, 2-6, and > 6 weeks after ERC. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: adhesions, bile duct injury, operating time, and conversion-rate. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients were studied (group 1, n = 23; group 2, n = 15; group 3, n = 45). Adhesions, operation time, and bile duct damage did not significantly differ between the groups. The conversion rate in group 2 is significantly higher compared to group 1 (p = 0.027, OR 11 (1.13-106.8)) CONCLUSIONS: A higher conversion rate of LC is found 2-6 weeks after ERC compared to LC within 2 weeks. However, further research is needed to gain more reliable data on whether this is caused by timing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Diagnostic image (232). A neonate with bilious vomiting].

A prematurely born girl presented with abdominal distension, bilious vomiting and a football sign on a plain abdominal X-ray, due to accumulation of free gas following infarction and perforation of the ileum: a complication of indomethacine.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2005

[Plantar fasciitis and radiotherapy. Clinical and radiobiological treatment results].

Patients with plantar fasciitis and pain refractory to conventional therapy are treated with low-dose radiotherapy (RT), but no conclusive evidence-based and radiobiological studies had been performed. In 2001 the German Cooperative Group on Radiotherapy for Benign Diseases (GCG-BD) carried out a study by mailing a standardized questionnaire. A total of 136 institutions treated 3621 patients/year with chronic or refractory pain. The median total dose was 6 Gy (median single dose: 1 Gy); 76 institutions reported data of their clinical evaluation of a total of 7947 patients. Pain relief lasting for at least 3 months was reported in 70% and persistent pain relief in 65%. There were no acute or chronic radiogenic side effects observed. The radiobiological studies showed a significant increase of granulocyte function at 1.5 Gy and a significant decrease at 3.5 and 4.0 Gy. These results may provide a possible explanation for a local anti-inflammatory effect of low-dose RT. RT may be an excellent alternative for patients with contraindications to long-term treatment with steroids or NSAID.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Pregnancy rates and milk production in natural service and artificially inseminated dairy herds in Florida and Georgia.

Effects of artificial insemination (AI) and natural service (NS) breeding systems on pregnancy rates (PR) by stage of lactation, season, and changes in milk production over time were examined using lactation and herd DHIA records of Holstein cows in dairy herds located in Florida and Georgia. The reported genetic profile of service sires of the herd was used to determine the percentage of cows bred to natural service bulls (%NS). Two seasons were considered: winter (November-April) and summer (May-October) from 1995 to 2002 (16 periods). Herd-periods were assigned 1 of 3 breeding systems: AI (0 to 10% NS), mixed (11 to 89% NS) and NS (90 to 100% NS). Seventy percent of the herds used NS bulls as a component of their breeding system during the study period. The PR during winter (17.9%) was greater than that during summer (9.0%). During winter, PR for AI herds (17.9%) did not differ from that for mixed (17.8%) and NS herds (18.0%). During summer, PR for AI herds (8.1%) was slightly less than that for mixed (9.3%) and NS herds (9.8%). During winter, PR for cows at 71 to 91 d, 92 to 112 d, and 113 to 133 d in milk were 1.4% lower for mixed herds compared with AI and NS. Pregnancy rate for NS herds was 2.6% lower during late lactation compared with AI and mixed herds. During summer, PR for cows at 71 to 91 and 92 to 112 d in milk were 2.6 and 1.8% greater, respectively, for NS herds compared with AI. However, from 260 to 364 d in milk, PR for NS herds was less than that for AI and mixed herds. No significant interaction was detected between breeding system and lactation number. Rolling herd average milk production during the study period was less in the NS herds (7180 kg) compared with AI (8513 kg) and mixed herds (8176 kg), but the annual change in milk production was not different among breeding systems. The results indicated that use of NS bulls did not result in meaningful disadvantages in terms of PR and changes in milk production over time.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Trends and seasonality of reproductive performance in Florida and Georgia dairy herds from 1976 to 2002.

Trends in reproductive performance from 1976 to 2002 were studied for dairy farms located in Florida and Georgia using 2,897,517 Dairy Herd Improvement Association lactation records of Holstein cows. One-half of the 1552 herds in the final edited records had measures for at least 8 yr. Measures of reproductive performance changed significantly over time. Days to first service increased from a low of 84 d in 1983 to 104 d in 2001. Cows that calved during spring had 9.2 (1983) to 33.2 (1999) more days to first service than cows that calved during fall. Annual pregnancy rates (PR) for 71 to 364 d since last calving (DSC; PR(71-364)) decreased from 21.6% in 1977 to 1979, to 12% in 2000 to 2002. The greatest PR(71-364) was observed during winter and the lowest during summer (15.8 vs. 5.6% in 2002, respectively). The absolute difference between PR(71-364) during winter and summer remained similar over time at 11 percentage units. Pregnancy rates in the early stages since calving (71 to 133 d) showed greater decreases over time than PR in the later stages since calving. From 1998 to 2002, PR in the later stages since calving (134 to 364 d) was on average 11.5%. Pregnancy rate from 71 to 133 DSC remained greater (13.4%). In the winter, the decrease in PR(71-364) was primarily due to a large decrease in PR(71-91). Average days to conception increased from a low of 121 in 1982 to a high of 167 in 1998. The average difference between cows that calved during spring and fall increased from 22 d in 1976 to 47.5 d in 1986, but remained constant at 39.1 d from 1985. Average calving interval increased from 399 d in 1976 to 429 d in 2000. Average days dry between 1976 and 2001 remained similar at 69 d. Days to culling of nonpregnant cows after 182 DSC increased from 341 in 1983 to 415 in 1998. Season of calving had no clear association with average days to culling. The last milk yield recorded less than 1 mo before culling of nonpregnant cows after 182 DSC decreased by DSC to approximately 1 yr since calving, after which it remained constant at an average of 12.3 kg/d. The last known milk yield of cows culled during spring was 1.6 kg/d greater than those culled during fall. This difference did not significantly change over time. Increases in actual 305-d herd milk production were associated with increased days to first service, days to conception, and calving interval, but also with increased PR(71-364). Herd size did not have a clear association with reproductive efficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Personal networks enabling remote assistance for medical emergency teams.

Personal Networks provide the technology that is needed to interconnect the various private networks of a single user (home network, car network, office network, Personal Area Network, and others) seamlessly, at any time and at any place. This can be useful in many business sectors. In case of medical emergencies, it can provide a means to enlist remote assistance from peers wherever they are in the world at that particular moment. To illustrate this, we have analyzed the use case of a medical emergency surgery and have built a demonstrator.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Design and performance of statistical process control charts applied to estrous detection efficiency.

Statistical process control (SPC) charts to monitor production processes have not been widely used in dairy management. Shewhart and cumulative sum (cusum) control charts were designed to determine true changes in estrous detection efficiency (EDE) amidst normal variation in dairy cattle. A stochastic simulation model was used to track performance over time of individual cows in herds of 100 and 1000 cows. Estrous detection ratios (EDR), calculated as observed estruses divided by estimated estrous days (in periods of 1 to 60 d), were used to monitor EDE. Control charts for EDR, using normal and binomial distributions, were designed at 0.65 EDE for both herd sizes; then EDE was set to 0.65 (no change), 0.55, 0.45, or 0.35 and average days to the first detection signal (ATS) in 400 runs was determined. Observed ATS at 0.65 EDE could differ from the target ATS, depending on the SPC chart design and estimated proportions of estrous days for inseminated cows. Observed ATS were shorter for larger changes in EDE and for the 1000-cow herd. Observed ATS for a change to 0.55 EDE were approximately 300 d (100 cows) or 60 d (1000 cows) with the cusum charts. For a change to 0.35 EDE, observed ATS were approximately 50 d (100 cows) and approximately 11 d (1000 cows). Shewhart charts performed similarly or took longer to signal changes depending on period length. Observed ATS on cusum charts were much longer than minimum when non-optimal reference values were used in the design. Observed ATS were also longer when SPC charts were designed with a longer target ATS and change in EDE was small. Control charts using normal and binomial distributions generally performed similarly. Statistical process control charts detected changes in estrous detection efficiency soon enough to be potentially useful in dairy management.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Economic value of timely determination of unexpected decreases in detection of estrus using control charts.

Total economic effects of decreased estrus detection efficiency (EDE) are a function of the economic loss per day and the length of the decrease. A stochastic dynamic dairy herd simulation model was used to determine whether estimates from permanently different EDE rates in herds of 100 and 1000 cows could approximate net returns due to temporary decreases in EDE. The default EDE was 65% and was either permanently or temporarily decreased to 55, 45, or 35%. Temporary decreases in EDE were assumed to continue until identified using cumulative sum or Shewhart control charts. Marginal changes in net return were greater at lower permanent rates of EDE, with losses ranging from 0.73 to 1.24 dollars per extra day open. Temporary decreases in EDE typically yielded smaller effects on net return than permanent decreases, but estimates were not consistently significantly different. However, temporary (30 to 960 d) decreases in EDE affected projected herd economic performance for several years after EDE was reset to 65%. Total losses in net return due to temporary decreases in EDE ranged from 4.44 dollars (accepting more false alarms) to 12.53 dollars (fewer false alarms) per cow for the 100-cow herd. For the 1000-cow herd, total losses in net return ranged from 0.95 to 10.43 dollars per cow. Total losses were not dependent on magnitude of decreased EDE because lower EDE could be detected earlier, thereby compensating for higher daily losses; for example, 35% EDE resulted in lower total losses than 55% EDE. Decreases to 55% EDE were detected sooner by cumulative sum charts, whereas decreases to 35% EDE were detected earlier by Shewhart charts. Both control charts used together can identify unexpected decreases in EDE more efficiently, thereby minimizing potential economic losses.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2001

The chromosome 9q genes TGFBR1, TSC1, and ZNF189 are rarely mutated in bladder cancer.

This study assessed a series of bladder tumours and bladder tumour cell lines for sequence variation in the Krüppel-like zinc finger gene ZNF189, the tuberous sclerosis complex gene 1 (TSC1), and the TGF beta receptor type I (TGFBR1). All three genes have been mapped to 9q regions commonly deleted in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Mutation analysis of the coding sequence of these genes revealed several variant bands that were shown to represent polymorphisms. Mutation analysis of the ZNF189 gene in bladder cancer cell lines identified one amino acid substitution (lysine-->isoleucine) at position 323 in exon 4. For the TSC1 gene, two mutations were identified in two out of 27 independent cell lines. Both mutations result in a truncated protein. Furthermore, one out of 36 bladder tumours had a frameshift mutation in exon 7 of the TSC1 gene. No tumour-specific mutations were found in the TGFBR1 gene. The length of the polyalanine tract present in exon 1 of the TGFBR1 gene was also investigated. It has been suggested that the allele with six alanines (6A) is more frequent in patients with bladder and other cancers, so bladder cancer patients were compared with normal controls. In both groups, the percentage of heterozygotes was 17%. These data do not support a role for the 6A allele in bladder cancer susceptibility.

Activin Receptors, Type I↗
PubMed2001

[Late radiation changes after small volume radiosurgery of the rat brain. Measuring local cerebral blood flow and histopathological studies].

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to investigate late effects following stereotactic single fraction and small volume irradiation on cerebral blood flow and histologic alterations in the rat brain parenchyma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 66 Copenhagen rats, separated into eleven groups of six animals each received single doses of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 Gy using a 15 MV linear accelerator. Six rats served as controls. Two cylindrical collimators of 2 mm and 3 mm aperture were used. The diameters of the spherical 80% isodose were 3.7 and 4.7 mm, respectively (Table 1). Irradiation was applied to a predefined area in the right frontal lobe. 19 months after irradiation local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) was measured by the autoradiographic method in one animal of each dose group between 20 and 50 Gy. 9 and 19 months after irradiation, half of the animals of each group were sacrificed for brain histology. All animals irradiated with 100 Gy were sacrificed 7 months after irradiation. RESULTS: An increase of local cerebral blood flow was measured in brain structures within the 80% isodose in animals irradiated with 50 Gy (Figure 3) compared to the contralateral hemisphere. Measurements close to necrotic areas showed a strong decrease of local cerebral blood flow (Figure 1). A volume increase of the irradiated hemisphere was seen after 19 months (Figure 2). The histologic examination after 19 months showed necrotic areas in the 30-50 Gy groups (Figure 4b) but not in the 20 Gy groups (Figure 4c). The animals who received 100 Gy demonstrated brain necrosis within 9 months after irradiation (Figure 4a). At both points in time the groups irradiated with the 3-mm collimator showed more pronounced histomorphologic and functional changes compared to the groups irradiated with the 2-mm collimator. CONCLUSION: Alterations of the local cerebral blood flow were measured as a late effect after single dose irradiation. The alterations of the local cerebral blood flow could be explained by the histomorphologic changes of the blood vessels. Using a semi-quantitative classification a dose, time and volume dependence for the endpoint radionecrosis was seen.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Local application of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for the treatment of oral mucositis.

The combination of radiation and chemotherapy administered for patients undergoing therapy for advanced head and neck neoplasms leads to a significant rise in toxic side-effects. Oral mucositis remains one of the most distressing factors leading to pain, impairment of oral nutrition, local and systemic infection and often cessation of the oncological treatment. The local and systemic administration of recombinant growth factors has revealed a potential benefit in the treatment of oral mucositis. Clinical data concerning the topical use of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) in the prevention and therapy of mucositis in patients undergoing radiochemotherapy for advanced cancer of the head and neck are presented in this paper. A prospective, randomised, open parallel-grouped, single centre study at a university hospital was performed. 35 patients with stage III and IV carcinomas of the head and neck were included. Statistical analysis concerning the degree of oral mucositis, the perception of pain, the incidence of secondary infections and the change in haematological parameters revealed no superiority of GM-CSF in comparison to conventional mouthwash between the two groups of patients. As a result, and faced with the tremendous costs of the regular use of a recombinant cytokine, we ended the clinical trial after 35 patients. The topical administration of GM-CSF to treat oral mucositis as a result of radiochemotherapy in patients suffering from head and neck cancer cannot be recommended.

Adult↗