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Biomedical subjects

A Ysunza

Publications and source records attributed to A Ysunza.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Recovery of congenital facial palsy in patients with hemifacial microsomia subjected to sural to facial nerve grafts is enhanced by electric field stimulation.

The effect of electric field stimulation for promoting axonal growth between sural to facial nerve grafts in cases of congenital permanent facial palsy associated with hemifacial microsomia was studied. For this purpose, a total of 17 patients with unilateral congenital permanent facial palsy associated with hemifacial microsomia were studied pre- and post-operatively. A sural to facial nerve graft was performed in all cases and long term postoperative electric field stimulation was randomly applied to half of the patients. Although improvement occurred in both groups, the results indicated that clinical and electrophysiological recovery was significantly better in patients receiving post-operative electric field stimulation. The results, therefore, suggest that electric stimulation of the grafted area induces improvements of facial palsy over and above those observed in the non-stimulated patients.

Axons↗
PubMed1995

Taurine content in breast milk of Mexican women from urban and rural areas.

The concentration of the most abundant free amino acids in breast milk, taurine, glutamic acid, glycine + threonine, alanine and glycine was measured in breast milk samples obtained from Mexican women from an urban population (38 samples) and from a rural population (106 samples). Free amino acid levels including taurine in the urban group were essentially similar to those reported in samples from American and Canadian women (taurine concentration: 332-357 nmol/ml) but significantly lower content of taurine (237-259 nmol/ml) was found in the rural group. The only other significant difference between the two groups was a 32% higher concentration of alanine in the rural group as compared to the urban group. The observed differences may result from a lower dietary intake of taurine containing food in the rural group as this group reported a restricted consumption of meat, the most abundant dietary source of taurine. Because taurine synthesis is low in primates including human, a decreased external supply of taurine may explain the observed reduction in the taurine content of milk. The increase in alanine may represent a compensatory mechanism for the decrease in taurine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1994

Recovery of facial palsy after crossed facial nerve grafts.

Crossed facial nerve grafts for treating congenital or acquired permanent facial palsy were studied in 23 patients, ages ranging from 2 months to 38 years. Patients were divided into groups according to time after onset of paralysis. It is concluded that although crossed facial nerve grafts offered the possibility of reinnervation after facial palsy, the degree of recovery was critically dependent upon the time after onset of the facial palsy before the reinnervation procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Aesthetic treatment of Romberg's disease: experience with 35 cases.

Our experience with dermis-fat free flaps and conventional reconstructive procedures for 35 patients with Romberg's disease over a 7-year period is presented. The groin flap was used for increasing volume in 33 cases, the scapular flap in 3 cases, and 2 were treated with the latissimus dorsi free flap. To achieve better contour, secondary procedures such as defatting of the flap, pedicled temporal fascial flaps, cartilage and bone grafts, orthognathic surgery, and other conventional aesthetic procedures were performed in 32 patients. Excellent results were achieved in 9 mildly deformed patients, in 12 out of 16 moderately, and in 3 out of 10 severely affected patients. Four moderate and 5 severe cases were classified as good results. Poor results were achieved in 2 severe cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Early postnatal treatment of congenital facial palsy in patients with hemifacial microsomia.

Facial palsy associated with hemifacial microsomia results in a devastating deformity. To date, no attempts on early treatment of the associated facial palsy have been reported. A therapeutic approach may be to provide reinnervation to the affected muscles through a crossed facial nerve graft. The purpose of this paper is to present 8 cases of hemifacial microsomia with associated facial palsy. All these patients were treated before 1 year of age with cross-sural-to-facial nerve grafts. After a 1 year follow-up, clinical and electrodiagnostic results indicate axonal continuity through the graft and evidence of reinnervation activity in all patients. Crossed facial nerve grafting appears to be an adequate procedure in patients with hemifacial microsomia with associated facial palsy.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1993

Velopharyngeal sphincter physiology in deaf individuals.

Fifty-three deaf subjects with a history of prelingual profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, similar language habilitation with hearing aids, and normal velopharyngeal structures underwent a study protocol including speech evaluation, behavioral pure-tone audiometry, videonasopharyngoscopy, multiview videofluoroscopy, and electromyography of the velopharyngeal muscles. Subjects were divided into two groups: the first group included 13 subjects with normal nasal resonance or mild hypernasality (four normals and nine with mild hypernasality); the second group had subjects with severe hypernasality and severe articulation deficits. Pure-tone thresholds, velopharyngeal closure patterns, and electromyographic activity of velopharyngeal muscles were similar for both groups of subjects. However, in subjects with severe hypernasality, despite normal muscle activity as observed by electromyography, velopharyngeal valving activity lacked rhythm and strength during speech. It is concluded that deaf subjects may present a functional disorder of the velopharyngeal sphincter related to absence of auditory regulation during phonation. Visual biofeedback using videonasopharyngoscopy may be useful for treating this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Obstructive sleep apnea secondary to surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency.

The files of 585 patients who had had pharyngeal flap surgery for the correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency were reviewed. Eighteen patients, ranging in age from 6 to 16 years, showed clinical symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. All of these cases had a polysomnographic evaluation and videonasopharyngoscopy. Fifteen cases met the criteria for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and eventually underwent surgical treatment. A modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty was done in 14 of the 15 cases. One patient had a prominent uvula flipping into the port of a Jackson's type pharyngoplasty, so a partial resection of the uvula was performed. Surgical treatment was successful in 14 of 15 cases, including the case with the partial uvular resection. In one case, severe sleep apnea persisted after surgery and a complete section of the flap was performed to correct the obstruction. Sizeable tonsils were found in 13 out of 15 cases, whereas flap width appeared unrelated to obstruction. Preoperative assessment of tonsillar tissue is of vital importance before pharyngeal flap surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Change in velopharyngeal valving after speech therapy in cleft palate patients. A videonasopharyngoscopic and multi-view videofluoroscopic study.

Thirty-one cleft palate patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency and compensatory articulation in association with hypernasality after palate closure were studied. Videonasopharyngoscopy and multi-view videofluoroscopy were performed to all patients before and after speech therapy for correcting compensatory articulation. The ratios of movement of velopharyngeal structures were significantly increased after compensatory articulation had been corrected. Furthermore, the size of the gap at the velopharyngeal sphincter during closure was significantly reduced. The results in this study support the statement that articulation disorders in association with hypernasality in cleft palate patients should be corrected prior to the implementation of surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency after palate closure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of palatoplasty with and without primary pharyngoplasty.

Two different procedures for treating patients with cleft palate are evaluated. The first procedure was push-back palatoplasty performed simultaneously with San Venero Roselli's pharyngoplasty before 18 months of age. The second procedure was isolated push-back displacement. Three hundred and forty-seven patients were reviewed. The two procedures were compared relative to the occurrence of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), severity of insufficiency, velopharyngeal closure pattern, movement of the lateral pharyngeal walls, and the influence of age at time of operation. Fewer of the patients who received the combination procedure presented VPI, and those who did tended to have less severe VPI. The groups were similar in velopharyngeal closure patterns and in movement of the lateral pharyngeal walls. Operation after 3 years of age tended to be associated with VPI. The combination procedure was helpful in preventing palatal shortening. Successful use of the combination procedure at an early age may prevent faulty articulation patterns.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Surgical treatment of borderline velopharyngeal insufficiency using homologous cartilage implantation with videonasopharyngoscopic monitoring.

Borderline cases of velopharyngeal insufficiency were treated with homologous cartilage implants. The selection of patients and technique for this procedure are described. Videonasopharyngoscopy was used to identify a specific location on the posterior pharyngeal wall for the implant. A small cube of homologous cartilage was implanted in the selected site in order to achieve adequate closure. The preliminary nasopharyngoscopic and speech evaluation results in 10 patients, who were followed every 3 months for at least 1 year, are reported. Hypernasality and audible nasal emission were eliminated. The displacement and reabsorption of the implants that occurred was minimal and did not affect velopharyngeal closure. Homologous cartilage, which is inexpensive and easy to obtain, appears to be a good option for implantation in the posterior pharyngeal wall in borderline cases of velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1988

The San Venero Roselli pharyngoplasty: an electromyographic study of the palatopharyngeus muscle.

Electromyography of the palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus muscles was performed in three groups: normal subjects, subjects with cleft palate before surgical treatment, and subjects with repaired palatal clefts incorporating the San Venero Roselli pharyngoplasty. Results suggested that the salpingopharyngeus muscle is inconsistently present in man. The palatopharyngeus is primarily concerned with swallowing and is not active during velopharyngeal closure. Its activity is not affected by the San Venero Roselli procedure. The surgical approximation of this muscle may be advantageous because of its antagonistic action to the levator veli palatini.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Diagnosis and treatment of submucous cleft palate: a review of 108 cases.

The files of 108 patients with submucous cleft palate were reviewed. Special attention was focused on the findings of videonasoendoscopy, videofluoroscopy, and audiometry. Velopharyngeal insufficiency was found in 53 percent of the cases. Since surgical correction is indicated only in the presence of insufficiency, waiting until speech has developed is recommended before considering treatment. A relationship between coronal pattern of velopharyngeal closure and velopharyngeal insufficiency was found. This relationship appears to be caused by the malformation of the musculus uvulae in the submucous clefts. Conductive hearing loss was significantly associated with velopharyngeal insufficiency. This suggests that a velar muscle malformation, which is frequently responsible for the insufficiency in these patients, may also cause Eustachian tube malfunction, resulting in serous otitis with conductive hearing loss.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1987

Bone conduction masking for brainstem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEP) in pediatric audiological evaluations. Validation of the test.

A brainstem auditory-evoked potential (BAEP) protocol for testing pediatric patients at risk for conductive hearing impairment was evaluated. The protocol used was: air-conducted click stimuli masked by bone-conducted wide-band noise. The specificity and sensitivity values for the test were determined by means of a blind cross-sectional trial including an active group of patients with an aural malformation and an age-matched control group with a sensorineural impairment. The bone-conducted masking of air-conducted BAEP showed high specificity and sensitivity and was easily administered despite pediatric difficulty. It was useful in differentiating sensorineural from conductive impairment and provided a rough estimate of the cochlear reserve in presumptive conductive hearing loss as great as 60 dB hearing loss. It is concluded that the bone-conducted masking procedure appears to be a great help in the binary decision whether middle ear surgery should be performed in patients at risk for conductive hearing loss, specially children with aural malformations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the vestibular autorotation test (VAT) for measuring vestibular oculomotor reflex in clinical research.

BACKGROUND: A method is needed to measure parameters of vertigo and disequilibrium. Our objective was to ascertain whether the vestibular autorotation test (VAT) gives numerical data on the vestibular oculomotor reflex (VOR) that are useful for clinical research. METHODS: A VAT was carried out on 17 healthy young volunteers twice, with an interval of 7 days (group A), and on a single occasion on another 17 volunteers of similar age and health (group B). The parameters studied were vertical and horizontal gains and phases and horizontal eye velocity symmetry. The resulting values were paired inter-session in the same individuals of group A, and between the first test of group A with the test in group B, chosen at random. Variances for the sets of numbers in each parameter as a whole and for each frequency of stimulation were calculated and statistical validity was determined. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the inter-session and inter-individual results. Variances of gain (horizontal and vertical) were small, but variances of phase and symmetry were large. An analysis of frequencies of stimulation revealed that variances increased with the elevation of frequency. CONCLUSIONS: For clinical research and evaluation, the VAT affords sufficiently consistent figures for vertical and horizontal gain in the entire spectrum of frequencies tested (2-5.9 Hz) and for horizontal phases between 2-3.9 Hz. Vertical phases and horizontal asymmetry vary too greatly for our stated purpose.

Adult↗