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Biomedical subjects

A Young

Publications and source records attributed to A Young.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Muscle breakdown and repair in polymyositis: a case study.

Muscle breakdown and repair were measured by metabolic balance techniques in a patient with polymyositis who was being treated with prednisolone and azathioprine. Changes in body muscle mass that had been estimated from nitrogen and phosphorus balances correlated with antropometric assessments of thigh muscle mass and quadriceps strength. Decline in muscle strength was associated with a net rate of muscle breakdown of 148 g/day. Recovery was associated with a net rate of muscle repair of up to 100 g/day. Early reduction in corticosteroid treatment appeared to enhance the rate of repair. Changes in the isometric contraction force of the quadriceps muscle (but not in clinical symptoms, plasma creatine kinase [CK] or erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] were found to reliably indicate whether the muscle was in a state of breakdown or repair. Treatment of the individual patient may be quantitatively monitored by metabolic balance studies or, more simply, by measurement of muscle strength.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Muscle function of women aged 65-89 years meeting two sets of health criteria.

This study compared the isometric strength, leg extensor power, and some potentially related functional abilities of elderly women selected for exercise studies according to two sets of readily applicable exclusion criteria. The health status criteria ("healthy" and "medically stable") differed principally in respect to duration of freedom from diagnosed or symptomatic disease, medication taken and Body Mass Index. Fifty "healthy" women and fifty "medically stable" women, aged 65 to 89 and evenly distributed over the age range, were recruited through local and national newspapers. There was no significant difference between the two health groups in strength or power. However, the women in the "medically stable" group were heavier and had more difficulty in rising from a chair. The strength of the relationships between strength, power and kneel rise time were very dependent on body weight for the "medically stable" women but not for the "healthy" women. The health criteria used to classify elderly subjects must be clearly specified so that there may be easier interpretation of results from future studies. This is especially true in studies where body weight might be important.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Protocols used by UK general practitioners, what is expected of them and what solutions are provided.

A postal survey on attitudes to the use of clinical protocols by Family Health Service Authorities and general practitioners in the United Kingdom showed that some FHSAs had a relatively optimistic view of the implementation of protocols by GPs. Forty-two percent of the 61 FHSAs who responded stated that they had no policy for helping primary care introduce protocols in the key areas of the management or referral of asthma, diabetes, hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. The general practitioners identified these areas but there was a feeling of resentment by some of the respondents as they felt the electronic protocols were not in general user friendly. It was felt that the main General practitioner computer suppliers are capable of meeting the protocol needs of an increasingly computerised primary health care service for the future. The changes to the UK primary health scene are discussed in relation to protocol implementation by general practitioners.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nitric oxide concentrations are increased in the feto-placental circulation in intrauterine growth restriction.

The aim of this study was to measure plasma concentrations of total nitrites, as an index of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, in the fetal circulation of normal pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. Plasma was prepared from umbilical venous blood collected from 13 placentae from normal pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. Plasma NO concentrations were determined using the Greiss reaction by measuring combined oxidation products of NO, plasma nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) after reduction with nitrate reductase. Significantly higher NO2-concentrations were found in umbilical venous plasma in the group complicated by intrauterine growth restriction compared to the control group (65.6 mumol/1, P < 0.001. These results support the hypothesis that increased NO production may be a compensatory response to improve blood flow in the placenta and/or may play a role in limiting platelet adhesion and aggregation.

Adult↗