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Biomedical subjects

A Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to A Yoshida.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Technetium-99m pyrophosphate uptake in spontaneously occurring perimyocardial lesions in an inbred strain of DBA/2 mice.

The spontaneous occurrence of perimyocardial calcification localized in the right ventricle has been reported in an inbred strain of DBA/2 mice. In this paper we examined the correlation between the myocardial uptake ratio of technetium-99m pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) and pathological findings in these mice ranging in age from one to 12 months and became lower with age, while calcification and fibrosis in the perimyocardium of the right ventricle became more prominent in aged mice. This may be due to an insidious onset of degeneration with calcification and fibrosis in spontaneously occurring perimyocardial lesions in these mice. Persistent abnormal uptake of 99mTc-PYP observed in the present study suggests the usefulness of such scintigrams in the diagnosis of chronic perimyocardial disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Identification of patients with coronary artery disease using a scoring system of coronary risk factors, electrocardiography and myocardial perfusion imaging.

To determine whether clinical variables of coronary risk factors and electrocardiographic and scintigraphic findings could reliably detect the presence of coronary artery disease and of coronary stenosis in the individual coronary arteries, 11 clinical and 7 electrocardiographic and scintigraphic variables were compared with the findings of coronary angiography in 107 patients. Sixty-seven patients had angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease and forty did not. Exercise electrocardiograms were diagnostic in 43 patients (64%) and exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy in 56 (84%). A coronary scoring using all the above variables based on multiple discriminant analysis increased the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 96% and specificity 95%). This scoring system was applied to a prospective series of 59 cases with similarly selected patients. Fifty-five cases (93%) were correctly diagnosed. The coronary scoring system to assess the stenosis of individual arteries was less satisfactory and 51 cases (86%) of the right coronary, 51 (86%) of the left anterior descending and 44 (75%) of the left circumflex artery were accurately diagnosed. It is concluded that statistical multivariate analysis of clinical, electrocardiographic and scintigraphic variables facilitates the detection of coronary artery disease and that this scoring system is helpful in assessing the probability of individual coronary artery involvement.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1982

Non-invasive radiocardiographic assessment of the effects of prazosin in congestive heart failure.

To clarify the hemodynamic effects of prazosin in congestive heart failure, the changes of blood distribution were examined radiocardiographically in 9 patients. After obtaining control data, patients were given oral prazosin (5.9 +/- 2.6 mg/day) for 3 weeks. Studies were repeated immediately before and one week after the cessation of the prazosin treatment. Cardiac index (CI) and stroke index (SI) showed significant increases, and mean blood pressure (MBP) and peripheral vascular resistance significant decreases as compared with the control values. However, heart rate did not change significantly throughout the period of this study. After stopping prazosin, MBP, CI and SI returned to the control levels. Concerning the changes in blood distribution, total blood volume and body blood volume significantly increased during prazosin therapy. Pulmonary blood volume (PBV) had a tendency to increase, although the changes were not significant. In patients, in whom the PBV increased during prazosin treatment, diuretics had to be used concomitantly. Our results show that prazosin is effective in the treatment of congestive heart failure and radiocardiography is a useful non-invasive procedure in assessing cardiac improvement and in designing the appropriate treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Dynamics of glucocorticoid receptor and induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in rat liver.

In order to better understand the role of glucocorticoid receptor in the hormonal action of glucocorticoid, depletion and replenishment of the cytoplasmic receptor and kinetics of induction of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) in rat liver were examined after administration of dexamethasone (Dex) and prednisolone. The extent of the receptor depletion and the duration of the depletion period were dose-dependent and were well correlated not only with the biological potency of the steroids administered but also with the kinetics of TAT induction. A linear relationship between the amount of depleted receptor and the kinetics of TAT induction was observed. Pretreatment of animals with a large dose of Dex reduced the response of TAT induction by Dex which was administered 24 h later. This seems to be attributable, at least in part, to the incomplete replenishment of the receptor and also to the increased rate of replenishment of the receptor. The reduced affinity of the partially replenished receptor to glucocorticoid might also participate in lowering the response to the second injection. In conclusion, depletion and replenishment of the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor appeared to be directly responsible for the physiological action of glucocorticoid.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Ventilatory response and drive due to carbon dioxide stimulation in idiopathic scoliosis.

Ten patients with idiopathic scoliosis and seven controls were studied for the purpose of investigating the ventilatory response and drive due to CO2 inhalation by the steady state CO2 response test. To evaluate the ventilatory drive for the respiratory output mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) was used. The ventilatory response to CO2 of the patients was not significantly different from that of the controls. P0.1 for a given PCO2 stimulation or tidal volume in the patients was significantly higher than the control. Ventilatory output against P0.1, however, was not different in the two groups. The small tidal volume of the scoliotic patients seemed to be compensated by the high respiratory frequency with a large ventilatory drive in order to maintain adequate ventilation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Attenuated ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in assisted breath-hold drivers (Funado).

The steady-state ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in 7 assisted breath-hold divers (Funado) were compared with those in 7 normal sedentary controls. Ventilatory response to hypercapnia was measured from the slope of the hyperoxic VN-PETCO2 line, where VN was normalized minute ventilation using the allometric coefficient and PETCO2 end-Tidal PCO2. The slope of this line in the Funado (1.48 +/- 0.54 liters . min-1 . Torr-1) was significantly less than in the control (2.70 +/- 1.08 liters . min-1 . Torr-1) (p less than 0.025). On the other hand, hypoxic sensitivity estimated by hyperbolic and exponential mathematical equations was not found to be significantly different between the two groups, although estimated increments in ventilation using the hyperbolic equation exhibited significantly lower response in the Funado than in the control only when PETO2 decreased lower than 50 Torr (p less than 0.05). These findings in the Funado were different from our previous observations obtained in unassisted breath-hold divers (Kachido), in whom no obvious attenuations in CO2 sensitivity were seen. This difference was assumed to be derived from more hypercapnic and hypoxic conditions produced in the Funado than in the Kachido during diving activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ventilatory response to CO2 after brief stimulations of the peripheral chemoreceptors in man.

Whether or not stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors by hypercapnic-hypoxic exposure results in a long-lasting increase in ventilatory activities was studied using the steady state CO2 response test on 12 human subjects. The degree of hypercapnic hypoxia was end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) 42.1 +/- 3.0 and PO2 (PETO2) 39.8 +/- 4.7 mmHg, lasting for 5 min. Minute ventilation values at PETCO2 45 mmHg (V45) and PETCO2 at minute volume 15 liter . min-1 (P15) were calculated from the respective CO2 response curves. The differences in V45 and P15 between the control and the 30 min test group were found to be significant (p less than 0.05). These results suggested the left- and upward-shift of the CO2 response curve of the 30 min test group. On the other hand, in 5 of the 12 subjects, three successive CO2 response tests conducted at 0, 30, and 90 min without hypercapnic-hypoxic exposure showed fairly reproducible results, and no statistically significant differences were found between any of the above trials with the parameters S, B, V45, and P15. These results indicated that the CO2 response curve obtained by using the steady state method can be effected for at least 30 min even if the stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors is only for brief periods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

High ventilatory response to hypoxia observed in obese Judo athletes.

Fifty-two active Judo athletes were examined using an isocapnic progressive hypoxia test. The results were analyzed by the hyperbola ventilation equation V = VO + A/(PETO2--C), where V is observed ventilation, VO the horizontal asymptote in ventilation for infinite end-tidal PO2(PETO2), A the slope constant indicating magnitude of hypoxic sensitivity, and C the vertical asymptote in PETO2 for infinite ventilation. Hypoxic sensitivity, A, was positively correlated with body weight (BW). Such correlation in the light and middleweight groups (BW less than 95 kg) and the heavyweight group (BW greater than 95 kg) with Röhrer's index being less than 200 became insignificant when the A value was recalculated after normalization of ventilation for 70 kg body mass. However, the heavyweight group with Röhrer index of higher than 200 still exhibited a significantly higher A value than the light and middleweight groups after normalization of ventilation. These results indicated that body weight plus obesity were determining factors in the increase of hypoxic sensitivity in our subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of feeding a raw winged bean seeds on gastrointestinal functions in rats.

The primary cause of the adverse effects of feeding of raw winged bean seeds in rats was investigated. In experiment 1, rats were fed on either a raw winged bean diet or a steamed winged bean diet for 10 days. Body weight gain of rats fed on 30% raw winged bean diet was significantly lower than that of rats fed on 30% steamed winged bean diet. The adverse effect of the feeding of 30% raw winged bean diet on growth was accompanied by disorders of the gastrointestinal tract including a significant reduction in intestinal sucrase activity, not being improved with feeding of the diet supplemented with methionine. In experiment 2, rats fasted for 2 days were refed on a 10% casein diet, a 30% raw winged bean diet or a 30% steamed winged bean diet, in which most of the carbohydrate component was sucrose, for 4 days. Although body weight gain and food consumption in rats refed on these winged bean diets were lower than those in rats refed on 10% casein diet, the effects of feeding of the raw winged bean diet on body weight gain and food consumption were extremely deleterious as compared with those of feeding of the steamed winged bean diet. Significant reductions in hydrolase activities localized in the brush border membrane of the small intestine were found in rats refed on the raw winged bean diet prior to the occurrence of apparent disorders in the gastrointestinal tract. These findings suggest that the primary cause of the adverse effects of raw winged bean seed feeding the disorders in the small intestine caused by lectin or similar substances in raw winged bean seeds.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Mechanisms of toxicities of some detergents added to a diet and of the ameliorating effect of dietary fiber in the rat.

Mechanisms of the adverse effects of dietary Tween 20, Tween 60, Span 20, sodium taurocholate (NaTC), sodium deoxycholate (DOC), sodium laurylbenzene sulfonate (LBS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and of the ameliorating effect of the concurrent feeding of dietary fiber were investigated along with releases of the hydrolase activities, which were localized in the brush border membrane of rat small intestine, during a jejunum perfusion in vivo. The releases of sucrase, maltase and alkaline phosphatase activities from the jejunum with Ringer bicarbonate solution (RBS) perfusion for 150 min proceeded at a constant rate after RBS perfusion for the first 30 min. The detergents were perfused after RBS perfusion for 60 min. In Tween 20- or 60-RBS perfusion at the 2% level, the released sucrase activity gradually increased, reaching a level 3 times that with RBS perfusion 90 min after the beginning of Tween 20- or Tween 60-RBS perfusion. With NaTC- or DOC-RBS perfusion at the 0.5% or 0.2% level respectively, the released sucrase activity reached a level 3 to 4 times that with RBS perfusion within 30 min of the beginning of NaTC- or DOC-RBS perfusion, but that with Span 20-RBS perfusion at the 2% level was slightly lower compared with that with RBS perfusion. On the other hand, with SDS- or LBS-RBS perfusion at the 0.5% level, the released alkaline phosphatase activity rapidly reached a level 3 to 4 times as high as that with RBS perfusion. The inclusion of Gobo dietary fiber at the 0.04% level with Tween 20-RBS perfusion completely eliminated the releasing effect of Tween 20 on sucrase activity. These results suggest that the primary cause of the adverse effects of the feeding of these detergents is the exfoliating or releasing effect thereof on the brush border membrane, together with the inhibitory effect of some of these detergents on intestinal disaccharidase activities, and that the dietary fiber prevents the exfoliating or releasing effects of several detergents on the brush border membrane.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Elevation of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthetase activity in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in hamsters.

The single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin sulfate (0.5 mg (potency) per 100 g body weight) in hamsters rapidly increased the activity of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthetase (EC 2.6.1.16) of the lung, a major regulatory enzyme for the synthesis of acidic glycosaminoglycan (AGAG). The activity increased as early as day 2, reached maximum level at day 10, then decreased and returned to the control level at day 45. The content of AGAG was also increased by bleomycin treatment, but the increase of AGAG followed the elevation of the enzyme activity. These results suggest that the early elevation of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthetase activity is closely related to the accumulation of AGAG in the fibrosing lung caused by bleomycin.

Aldose-Ketose Isomerases↗
PubMed1982

A case of weak blood group B expression (Bm) associated with abnormal blood group galactosyltransferase.

The mechanisms of unusually weak A and B blood group expressions have not been well understood. Since the human blood group A and B substances are produced by the action of blood group GalNAc transferase and Gal transferase, respectively, the mechanism may be elucidated by examining the properties of the blood group transferases and membranes of the subjects with the abnormality. We examined a case associated with very weak B activity in red blood cells, an absence of the B agglutinin in serum, and an existence of the H and B substances in saliva, i.e., a case commonly classified as Bm. More than 85% of H sites remained unglycosylated in the subject's red cell membranes. The blood group Gal transferase activity in the subject's plasma and red cell membranes was about 50% of that of normal. The pH-activity profile and the Michaelis constants for UDP-Gal and 2'-fucosyllactose of the subject's enzyme were distinctively different from that of normal enzyme. These findings led us to conclude that the weak B activity in the present Bm case was due to a direct mutation in B gene resulting in formation of variant B enzyme with low affinity to UDP-Gal and insufficient galactosylation of H sites in the subject.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1982

Biological characteristics and estrogen and progesterone receptors in mammary carcinoma induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a series of intragastric intubations of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene.

Biological characteristics and estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors were studied in male mammary carcinomas induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in male inbred Sprague-Dawley rats (MM). DMBA-induced carcinomas in females (MF) were used as controls. In 36 of 44 female rats given 20 mg DMBA once by gastric intubation at 50 days of age, MF with microscopic characteristics of cystic papillary adenocarcinoma developed 124 +/- 49 (S.D.) days after challenge. In all of the 42 male rats given 10 mg DMBA at 14-day intervals for 14 weeks starting from 28 days of age. MM with microscopic characteristics of medullary adenocarcinoma developed 106 +/- 21 days after the first intubation of DMBA. The growth of primary MM was unaffected by orchiectomy or estrogen. Eighty to 100% of the MM transplanted in the four groups could grow in intact female rats, ovariectomized female rats, intact male rats, and castrated male rats, while the transplanted MF could grow only in intact female rats. The histology of MM was unchanged in primary and transplanted tumors under various hormonal conditions. ER were present in almost all of the hormone-independent primary and transplanted MM, although the levels for cytosol ER in MM were significantly lower than those in MF. Injection of 10 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol induced marked synthesis of PR in primary and transplanted MM, even 24 and 48 hr after the 17 beta-estradiol injection. These findings show that MM are hormone independent but, like hormone-dependent female tumors, contain ER and estrogen-dependent PR.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1982

An unusual case of blood group ABO inheritance: O from AB X O.

An unusual blood group inheritance, that is, a phenotype O child from AB X O parents, was found in a Japanese family. Since two other children from the parents are blood type B, this is not a case of Cis-AB inheritance. The mother is not blood A/B chimera, and normal levels of blood group N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (A-enzyme) and galactosyltransferase (B-enzyme) were detected in her plasma. Therefore, the mother is genetically true AB heterozygous. The two sons with phenotype B had normal levels of plasma B-enzyme, but had no A-enzyme, and the father and the daughter with phenotype O had neither A- nor B-enzyme in their plasma. The analyses of 24 genetic marker systems indicated that the O daughter was a true child of the parents. The affirmative probability of parentage on the O daughter was calculated to be .9999999917 by Bayes' theorem. We concluded that the genotype of the O daughter was not the usual 00, and that this rare O expression might be due to a new structural mutation or a deletion in either maternal A or B gene during oogenesis.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1982

An enzyme basis for blood type A intermediate status.

The blood type A is known to be subclassified as A1, A2, and A1-A2 intermediate (Aint), depending upon red cell agglutinability with anti-A1 and anti-H lectins. Approximately 80% of the blood group H-sites remained unglycosylated in type Aint erythrocyte membranes. Plasma from Aint individuals contains a special blood group GalNAc transferase (UDP-GalNAc:2'-fucosylgalactoside-alpha-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase), which is different from the enzyme in A1 plasma and the enzyme in A2 plasma. A1-enzyme has strong affinity to UDP-GalNAc and 2'-fucosyllactose, A2-enzyme has low affinity to both substrates, and Aint-enzyme has strong affinity to UDP-GalNAc and very low affinity to 2'-fucosyllactose, which is a soluble analog of the H-substances. The low degree of glycosylation of the blood group H-sites due to the low affinity of Aint-enzyme with the H-substances can account for the lower A activity and higher H activity in Aint red cells than in A1 red cells. The blood group A allele can be subdivided into three common alleles, A1, A2, and Aint, each controlling the formation of different types of blood group GalNAc transferases.

ABO Blood-Group System↗