Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to A Yoshida.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

RFLP of the X chromosome-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase locus in blacks.

The X chromosome-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) A(+) variant is found in approximately 20% of blacks. Examination of the structure of the G6PD A(+) gene revealed that AT----GC transition occurred in the variant gene, resulting in the amino acid substitution Asn----Asp at the one hundred forty-second position from the NH2-terminal of the enzyme (Takizawa and Yoshida 1987). The nucleotide change created an additional FokI cleavage site in the variant A(+) gene; thus, the FokI fragment type of the variant A(+) DNA differs from that of the normal B(+) DNA. PvuII fragment type is also found to be polymorphic in blacks, but not in Caucasians. The majority of blacks, as well all nonblacks, have a major hybridization-positive fragment of approximately 4.0 kbp (PvuII type 1), while approximately 20% of blacks have a major fragment of approximately 1.5 kbp (PvuII type 2). The G6PD gene with PvuII type 2 contains an additional PvuII cleavage site approximately 0.7 kbp downstream from the mutation site of the G6PD A(+). Approximately 40% of the G6PD A(+) genes have PvuII type 2, while only approximately 10% of the G6PD B(+) genes are associated with PvuII type 2. The data indicate a statistically significant (X2 = 6.85, P less than .020) linkage disequilibrium between the G6PD types and the PvuII types at the G6PD locus.

Black People↗
PubMed1988

Are increases in thyroxin-binding globulin in patients with acute hepatitis ascribable to synthesis by regenerating hepatocytes?

We describe a case of liver cirrhosis lacking the expected increase in serum thyroxin (T4)-binding globulin (TBG) despite abrupt, severe increases in aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (ASAT and ALAT) in serum. Sequential change in serum T4, triiodothyronine (T3), and TBG concentrations were also measured retrospectively in serum of 10 hospitalized patients with acute viral hepatitis. Although their mean T4 and TBG concentrations significantly exceeded those in 40 normal subjects (P less than 0.002 and P less than 0.001, respectively), these values were within the normal reference intervals in five patients. ASAT and ALAT concentrations were not significantly different in patients with increased TBG and patients with normal TBG, whereas mean concentrations of serum albumin and cholinesterase and mean prothrombin times (in percent) in the former group were significantly higher than those in the latter group (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.05, and P less than 0.001, respectively). For 60 samples with increased ASAT and ALAT, TBG and albumin or cholinesterase correlated significantly (r = 0.49, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.50, P less than 0.001, respectively), but not TBG and ASAT or ALAT. Collectively, these results suggest that the increase in serum TBG in acute hepatitis may reflect its synthesis in regenerating hepatocytes rather than a simple leakage from damaged hepatocytes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of fluoropyrimidine, drugs of tegafur and UFT on transplanted tumor in liver-damaged mice].

1-(2-Tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT) and UFT are masked compounds of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and considered to be gradually metabolized and converted to 5-FU in the liver. Therefore, it is important clinically to classify whether or not these anti-cancer drugs are effective in individuals with liver diseases. BALB/c mice were injected 4 ml/kg of 10% CCl4 intraperitoneally twice a week for two months to induce liver damage. On the 49th day after starting of giving CCl4, mouse sarcoma 180 was transplanted to the right thigh of mice and from the next day 5-FU (10, 20, 30 mg/kg/day), FT (50, 100, 200 mg/kg/day), UFT (10, 20, 30 mg/kg/day) or physiological saline solution for control were orally administered daily for 7 days. On the 61st day, all mice were sacrificed and the weight of excised tumor was measured to judge the effect of anti-cancer drugs. Dose-dependent effect of 5-FU was observed in the liver-damaged mice. FT was more effective in liver-damaged mice than control. It was assumed that the suppression of 5-FU decomposition was due to the insufficient liver function. Effect of UFT was similar in liver-damaged mice to control. These data show that the effects of FT and UFT were not reduced in tumor-bearing mice by liver damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Imbalance of blood group A subtypes and the existence of superactive B gene in Japanese in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Blood type A can be classified into subgroups A1, A2, and A1-A2 intermediate on the basis of serological criteria. An excess of A2B over A2, noted in some black populations and among the Japanese, though not in caucasoids, is inconsistent with the classical Mendelian mode of inheritance of the allelic A1 and A2 genes. Characterization of the enzymatic properties of the blood group A and B enzymes in the serum has shown that serological A2B blood of some blacks contains A1 enzyme and a superactive B* enzyme. An excess of A2B found in a study of over 15,000 residents of Hiroshima and Nagasaki prompted investigation of the characteristics of the A and B enzymes in 60 blood samples, 37 from individuals in 13 unrelated families and 23 from other unrelated individuals in the two cities. Among 27 unrelated individuals whose blood types were unequivocally classified serologically as A2B, 15 were confirmed as A2B enzymatically; eight contained A1 and B* enzymes, not A2 or B enzymes, thus being A1B*; two contained Aint and B* enzymes, thus being AintB; and results for the remaining two were ambiguous. Hiroshima differs from Nagasaki in the frequency of the A2B serological type and also in the occurrence of the B* enzyme, Nagasaki having a higher proportion of both. If one considers those cases in which family study was possible, the transmission of the B* enzyme appears to be compatible with the Mendelian mode of inheritance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1988

Frequency of the atypical aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 gene (ALDH2(2)) in Japanese and Caucasians.

All Caucasians have two major aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes--i.e., the cytosolic ALDH1 and the mitochondrial ALDH2-while approximately 50% of Orientals are atypical and lack the catalytically active ALDH2 in their tissues. The atypical ALDH2(2) gene has a nucleotide base change and produces the defective ALDH2(2) protein, which has a Glu----Lys substitution at the 14th position from the COOH-terminal (Yoshida et al. 1984; Hsu et al. 1985). With the use of a pair of synthetic oligonucleotides-one complementary to the usual ALDH1(2) and the other complementary to the atypical ALDH2(2)-genotypes of 49 unrelated Japanese individuals and 12 Caucasians were determined. The frequency of the atypical ALDH2(2) allele was found to be .35 in the Japanese samples examined. The atypical ALDH2(2) gene was not found in the Caucasians.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1988

Genotypes of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in Japanese with alcohol liver diseases: a strong association of the usual Caucasian-type aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDH1(2)) with the disease.

Genetic polymorphisms of two major alcohol-metabolizing enzymes-i.e., one of the class I alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes (ADH2) and the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2)-exist in Japanese and other Orientals but not in Caucasians. Liver ADH activity of about 90% of Orientals is much higher than that of most Caucasians, while approximately 50% of Orientals lack the ALDH2 activity. The genetic differences have been implicated in the high incidence of alcohol sensitivity observed in Orientals. We determined, by means of hybridization of genomic DNA samples with allele-specific synthetic oligonucleotide probes, genotypes of the ADH2 and the ALDH2 loci of Japanese with alcoholic liver diseases and of control subjects. No significant difference between the patient and control groups was found in the ADH2 genotypes. A remarkable genetic difference between the two groups was found in the ALDH2 locus. The frequency of the typical (Caucasian-type) ALDH1(2) gene was found to be .65 and that of the atypical (Oriental type) ALDH2(2) gene was .35 in the controls, while these were .93 and .07, respectively, in the patients. Thus, most (20 of 23) of the Japanese patients were homozygous Caucasian type ALDH1(2)/ALDH1(2), only three were heterozygous ALDH1(2)/ALDH2(2), and none of the patients were homozygous Oriental type ALDH2(2)/ALDH2(2). The results indicate that Japanese with the atypical ALDH2(2) allele are at a much lower risk in developing the alcoholic liver diseases than are those with homozygous, usual (Caucasian-type) ALDH1(2)/ALDH1(2), presumably owing to their sensitivity to alcohol intoxication.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1988

[Long-term survivors in patients with esophageal cancer treated with radiation].

Of 80 patients with esophageal cancer treated with radiotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy during the past 8 years, 5 patients have survived for more than three years. Their X-ray findings revealed that of these cancers were the serrated type, 1 a tumorous type, 1 a spiral type, and 1 a funnel type. The sites of the primary tumor were Im in 3, Ei Im in 1, and Ei in 1. The length of the primary tumor ranged from 3 to 5 cm. The given radiation dose was 50 to 70 Gy. Our findings suggest that in such cases where the tumor length is 5 cm or less, that cancers sited in the Im or Ei regions and of the radiological serrated or tumorous type are candidates for curative irradiation.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Clinical course of silent thyroiditis in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome. Concomitant changes of antithyroid antibodies and antinuclear antibody.

A 68-year-old woman with Sjögren's syndrome simultaneously experienced thyrotoxicosis with a marked depression of thyroid radioactive iodine uptake and systemic lupus erythematosus-like symptoms, which both resolved spontaneously. Titers of antinuclear antibody and anti-DNA antibody were most elevated when the thyrotoxicosis and systemic lupus erythematosus-like symptoms coexisted and thereafter gradually declined in response to the decrease of titers of antithyroglobulin hemagglutination antibody and antimicrosomal hemagglutination antibody. To our knowledge, no such case has been previously reported. These observations strongly suggest that thyrotoxicosis in silent thyroiditis may be induced by an autoimmune mechanism.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Pregnancy in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis].

This study was carried out to clarify the effect of pregnancy on chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). Fifteen patients with CGN diagnosed by renal biopsy were studied throughout 17 pregnancies. The following criteria were adopted: 1) Creatinine clearance (Ccr) over 70 ml/min and serum creatinine (s-Cr) 1.2 mg/dl or less. 2) Blood pressure lower than 140/90 mmHg when not receiving any medicine. 3) No evidence of active progress of nephropathy. In two patients excluded from the criteria, renal function was adversely affected, but there was no evidence that pregnancy affected the natural course of the underlying renal disease. In the patients to which the criteria were applied, the outcome of pregnancy and renal function were good. In conclusion, we recognized that there was no relationship between the body weight of the newborn and maternal serum albumin but that there was a significant correlation between serum uric acid and body weight (r = -0.67). These results show that serum uric acid is a useful indicator of placental dysfunction and fetal growth. In the patients with preeclampsia, the serum uric acid concentration was higher than in the CGN group (8.95 +/- 2.58 mg/dl vs 5.88 +/- 1.49 mg/dl: Scheffe method p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference between the CGN and normal control (5.88 +/- 1.49 mg/dl vs 4.51 +/- 0.68: Scheffe method p less than 0.1). Uric acid serves to distinguish CGN and preeclampsia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effective chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

This article documents the use of chemotherapy in a case of small cell carcinoma of the esophagus with multiple liver and lymph node metastases. A multi-drug regimen was used and included cis-dichlorodiamine platinum (CDDP), VP-16, vincristine (VCR), adriamycin (ADM), and cyclophosphamide (CPA). After chemotherapy, the esophageal tumor disappeared, and liver masses reduced in number and degenerated. Nine months later, however, the patient died of brain metastases. It was concluded that radiotherapy should be given to the brain for the prophylaxis of tumor relapse.

Aged↗