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Biomedical subjects

A Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to A Yoshida.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Recovery of gaze disturbance in bilateral labyrinthine loss.

Recovery of gaze disturbance was studied in 15 patients with bilateral labyrinthine loss who underwent active or passive rotation tests at various times after onset, 1 month to 34 years. Mean VOR gain increased rapidly against the logarithm of time under active rotations and slowly under passive rotations. Although gaze disturbance recovered in the 1st year under both active and passive rotations, active ones resulted in better gaze stabilization at higher frequencies. The present study indicated that initiation and increase of compensatory eye movement in the dark during the critical period, i.e., early in the 1st year, underlies the compensation for gaze disturbance after bilateral labyrinthine loss, similarly as in the case of unilateral lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Direct effect of methimazole on rat thyroidal cell growth induced by thyrotropin and insulin-like growth factor I.

The direct effect of methimazole (MMI) on FRTL-5 cell growth was examined. TSH, (Bu)2cAMP, calf serum, insulin-like growth factor I, and Graves' immunoglobulin (IgG) increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA during 72-h incubation. MMI (10(-3) M), which does not damage cell viability, significantly enhanced the increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation induced by TSH and (Bu)2cAMP. In contrast, MMI suppressed the increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation induced by calf serum, insulin-like growth factor I, and Graves' IgG. MMI had no effect on the production of cAMP by TSH. Accordingly, we concluded that MMI has opposite effects on cAMP- and non-cAMP-dependent cell growth pathways. Moreover, Graves' IgG, which has a modest effect on cAMP production, is believed to induce cell growth via the non-cAMP dependent cell growth pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Some pharmaceutical properties of 3-hydroxypropyl- and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins and their solubilizing and stabilizing abilities.

3-Hydroxypropyl- and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins (3-HP- and DHP-beta-CyDs) with different degrees of substitution (D.S.) were prepared and their pharmaceutical properties were investigated. The aqueous solubility of 3-HP- and DHP-beta-CyDs was much higher than that of the parent beta-CyD and the dissolution of DHP-beta-CyD in water was endothermic. The acid- and alpha-amylase-catalyzed hydrolysis rates of 3-HP- and DHP-beta-CyDs were slower than those of the parent beta-CyD. The hemolytic activity (human erythrocytes) and local irritancy (rabbit muscle) of DHP-beta-CyD were considerably less than those of natural, methylated or other hydroxyalkylated beta-CyDs, and decreased with increasing D.S. The ability of the hydroxyalkylated beta-CyDs to remove cholesterol and proteins from human erythrocytes decreased with increasing D.S., and correlated well with their hemolytic activity. 3-HP-beta-CyD was a more effective solubilizer for poorly water-soluble drugs than the parent beta-CyD, and its stabilizing effect on chemically instable drugs was higher than that of the parent beta-CyD. The above data suggest a considerable pharmaceutical potential of 3-HP- and DHP-beta-CyDs as parenteral carriers.

Cyclodextrins↗
PubMed1989

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding, EGF-dependent autophosphorylation and activity of tyrosine-specific protein kinase in hepatic membrane fractions from fetal, newborn, adult and partially hepatectomized rats.

The binding of 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) and activities of EGF-receptor autophosphorylation and of tyrosine-specific protein kinases were determined in hepatic membrane fraction from newborn, fetal and hepatectomized adult rats and compared with those of adult control rats. Although the EGF binding was decreased, there was a tendency for the activity of autophosphorylation to be higher and ligand-dependency to be lower in the membranes from growing hepatic tissues. The activity of tyrosine kinases did not differ among animal groups but a supplement of (NH4)2SO4 to the incubation mixture revealed a difference in the EGF-dependency of the activity; the salt inhibited the activity in the control more profoundly than in the newborn and fetus but the activity was partially restored in the presence of EGF, while in the newborn and fetus the activity did not respond to the added EGF. The results suggest that the higher activity with less responsiveness to the ligand of EGF-receptor autophosphorylation and protein-tyrosine kinase is one of the characteristics of growing rat hepatic tissues.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Multiplicity of spontaneous lung tumors in CD-1 mice.

The multiplicity of the spontaneous lung tumor in CD-1 mice was investigated in 413 males from 6 different control groups of 2-year carcinogenicity studies with agrochemicals. Among a total of 152 lung tumor bearers, 95 (62.5%) were seen with 1 nodule, 36 (23.7%) with 2 nodules, and 14 (9.2%) with 3 nodules. Three males bore 4 nodules and each of 5, 7, 9 and 10 nodules was seen in one male, respectively. In one control group 20 out of 30 lung tumor bearers had 2 or more nodules presenting a significant heterogeneity among the control groups in terms of the multiplicity of lung tumor nodule.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Differential sensitivity to hypoxic inhibition of respiratory processes in the anesthetized rat.

To estimate the sensitivity to hypoxic inhibition of various regulatory processes for respiration, changes in breathing pattern during hypoxic ventilatory depression (HVD) were analyzed in the halothane-anesthetized spontaneously breathing rat using a "progressive isocapnic hypoxia test." In the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) intact rats, ventilatory augmentation was followed by depression due to reduction in respiratory frequency (f) at end-tidal PO2 (PETO2) levels below 50-60 mmHg despite increased afferent activities from the carotid chemoreceptors. After CSN section, ventilation was progressively depressed at PETO2 lower than normoxic level with simultaneous decreases of f and tidal volume. An increase in CO2 stimulus or the prevention of arterial hypotension during hypoxia by infusing a vasoconstrictor agent (phenylephrine) inhibited the occurrence of ventilatory depression in both the CSN intact and denervated animals. In all cases studied, the reduction in f resulted mainly from the prolongation of expiratory time (TE). The results suggest that in the anesthetized rat the effect of respiratory stimulation from carotid chemoreceptor afferents becomes inadequate to offset the prolongation of TE due to the central hypoxia at lower PETO2, and that the neural process for regulating TE is the major site of deterioration during central hypoxic inhibition. Roles of CO2 stimulus and systemic circulatory conditions in the generation of HVD were also discussed.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1989

Effect of dietary methionine and polychlorinated biphenyls on cholesterol metabolism in rats fed a diet containing soy protein isolate.

The effects of supplementation of methionine to a 20% soy protein isolate diet on serum level of cholesterol. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity, and biliary and fecal steroids in rats with or without receiving polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were investigated. Supplementation of methionine and PCB did not affect the growth. Serum level of cholesterol was higher in rats fed PCB than in controls. In rats fed PCB, addition of methionine elevated serum level of cholesterol synergistically. The activity of HMG-CoA reductase was higher in rats fed the methionine-supplemented diet than in those fed the unsupplemented diet when PCB was included in the diets. Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity (nmol/h.100 g body weight) was higher in rats fed PCB than in controls. Biliary secretion of bile acids was higher in rats fed PCB than in controls. On the other hand, fecal excretion of bile acids decreased in PCB-treated rats, but total steroids were not affected by PCB. In rats fed PCB, the addition of methionine did not alter cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity and biliary and fecal steroid output. The data suggest that the increase in serum level of cholesterol due to dietary addition of methionine together with PCB would be mediated through the stimulation of hepatic synthesis of cholesterol.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of dietary ethanol on ascorbic acid and lipid metabolism, and liver drug-metabolizing enzymes in rats.

Effects of dietary ethanol on ascorbic acid and lipid metabolism, and liver drug-metabolizing enzymes in rats fed a semi-purified diet containing a powdered ethanol preparation (30 cal% in the diet) were studied. Administration of ethanol increased urinary ascorbic acid excretion (p less than 0.001) and ascorbic acid level in the liver (p less than 0.001) and the spleen (p less than 0.01). The activity of hepatic aniline hydroxylase was increased (p less than 0.05) by ethanol feeding but that of aminopyrine N-demethylase was not. Increases of serum total and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, commonly observed by the administration of xenobiotics, were not observed. These results showed ethanol possessed rather similar properties to xenobiotics such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) in some metabolic changes. In this study, no accumulation of lipid in the liver was observed.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMed1989

Effect of methionine and threonine on the hypercholesterolemia induced by polychlorinated biphenyls in rats fed a nonprotein diet.

It was previously reported that the hypercholesterolemia induced by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) was influenced by dietary protein quantity and quality. On the other hand, the supplementation of methionine and threonine to a nonprotein diet ameliorated the body weight loss and decreased the urinary urea excretion in rats. We examined the effect of methionine and threonine supplements on the hypercholesterolemia induced by PCB in rats fed a nonprotein diet. The administration of PCB increased plasma cholesterol concentration and the supplements of methionine and threonine to the nonprotein diet significantly accelerated the elevation of plasma level of cholesterol due to PCB feeding. Liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in rats fed the nonprotein diet was also elevated by PCB administration and the supplementation of methionine and threonine caused further inducing effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case report of IgD myeloma with acute renal failure and deposition of lambda light chain along the tubular basement membrane].

A case of IgD lambda type multiple myeloma that developed acute renal failure was presented. Histopathologic studies revealed apparent myeloma cast nephropathy with typical giant cells and light chain deposition along tubular basement membrane and inter-peritubular interstitium. Glomerular deposits of light chain were absent by electron and immunofluorescent microgram. The presented case showed a very uncommon histopathologic findings of unusual deposits of light chain, to tubulo-interstitium except for glomeruli, in addition to vertically rare IgD myeloma. A sixty-year old female who was suffered from acute renal failure and treated by hemodialysis for one month was admitted to our institute. Physical examinations revealed ill-apparent and emaciated uremic patient on admission. Laboratory and radiological studies demonstrated IgD lambda type monoclonal protein and numerous punched out appearance of skull bone. The diagnosis of IgD lambda myeloma was confirmed with aspiration bone marrow test. Anti-myeloma therapy of melphalan and prednisolone have started, however, fatal arrhythmia suddenly suffered the patient and resuscitation attempts failed to get any success one week after admission. Renal necropsy was performed and specimens were studied by light, immunofluorescent and electron microscope.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1989

[A case with polyarteritis nodosa associated with acute renal failure and pericardial cyst].

Polyarteritis nodosa (PN) is a disease characterized by vasculitis of multiple organs, and it is complications of kidney and heart are fatalistic factor. Myocardial infarction and pericarditis are well known as cardiac involvement of PN. The pericardial cysts are uncommon disease and it originated in the mesenchymal tissue during fetal life. There has been no report that pericardial cyst undergoing with PN. The present paper was the first report about case with enlargement of pericardial cyst caused by vasculitis. A 64-years old female was referred for acute renal failure and mediastinal tumor. The diagnosis of PN was confirmed with the renal biopsy showing the typically histological features of necrotizing angitis, renal angiography showing vascular irregularity in the renal arterioles and clinical features such as fever, hypertension and skin lesion. The mediastinal tumor was identified with enlargement of pericardial cyst diagnosed by computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonic cardiography (UCG) revealed pericardial effusion. Enlargement of pericardial cyst, pericardial effusion and acute renal failure were due to vasculitis as a partial manifestation of PN. Under the steroid administration, sequentially recovery of renal function and disappearance of pericardial cyst and pericardial effusion were observed.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1989

[Role and significance of extended operation in the treatment of stage IV carcinoma of the esophagus].

A total of 106 cases of esophageal cancers treated in our hospital between Jan. 1980 and Jan. 1989 were studied to evaluate the role and significance of extended surgical resection in the treatment of the stage IV patients with T3 tumors. Of those treated were included six patients of stage 0, four of stage II, twenty-nine of stage III, and fifty-two of stage IV. Resectability rate was 82.1%, direct death rate was 8.0%. An overall one-year and three-year survival rate were 54.0% and 21.8%, and those of stage IV were 26.6% and 6.4% respectively. For thirty-one of the 52 patients with T3 tumor, combined radical resection of the structures were performed, with a mortality rate of 12.9%, and a mean survival period of 720.2 days for n0, 239.5 days for n2 (+) and 299.4 days for n3-4 (+). Mean survival of the patients without combined resection of the involved structures were 465 days(n0), 156 days(n2) and 236 days(n3-4) respectively. The organs resected included the trachea(17), thoracic aorta(7), carotid artery(4), pericardium(4), lung(3) and so on. It is concluded that improved survival for even advanced T3 carcinomas especially without lymph nodes metastasis might be obtained by the combined radical resection of the involved neighboring structures.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Biomicroscopic evaluation and photography of ocular toxoplasmosis.

The vitreous of 39 eyes with ocular toxoplasmosis was studied and photographed using an El Bayadi-Kajiura preset lens. In active cases of toxoplasmosis, the vitreous showed inflammatory opacities and gel shrinkage. In inactive cases, the vitreous was often liquefied. Compared with 39 normal eyes of age- and sex-matched controls, the prevalence of partial posterior vitreous detachment was significantly higher in toxoplasmosis (P less than .001). A higher prevalence of posterior vitreous detachment was found in eyes with the major chorioretinal lesion outside the temporal vascular arcade than in those with lesions inside the temporal vascular arcade (P less than .05). Our results indicated that various vitreous changes may cause posterior vitreous detachment and that location of the inflammatory focus may influence the vitreous condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Role of the vitreous in retinal neovascularization evaluated by a comparison of central retinal vein occlusion and branch retinal vein occlusion].

Thirty three patients (33 eyes) with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and 80 patients (81 eyes) with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) were studied in an attempt to investigate the role of the vitreous in the formation of retinal neovascularization. All these eyes had some areas of capillary nonperfusion confirmed by fluorescein angiography and no scatter photocoagulation before the first examination. The incidence of new vessels at the optic disc (NVD) in CRVO was not significantly different from that in BRVO. However, the incidence of new vessels elsewhere (NVE) in CRVO was significantly less than that in BRVO. Follow-up vitreous examination of 36 cases while they had not developed NVD and/or NVE showed a higher incidence of posterior vitreous detachment from the mid-peripheral retina (MP-PVD) in CRVO than in BRVO. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of posterior vitreous detachment from the optic disk (D-PVD) between CRVO and BRVO. The high incidence of MP-PVD in CRVO may explain the low incidence of NVE in CRVO.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Perioperative management of cesarean section in a patient pregnant with twins complicated by hyperthyroidism].

A 30-year-old twin pregnant woman complicated with hyperthyroidism was scheduled to receive anesthesia for cesarean section. During the early months of pregnancy, her thyroid status was stimulated, being positive for TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulins (TBII). Because maternal positiveness of TBII correlates with neonatal hyperthyroidism, she was treated with antithyroid drugs (methimazole). Her thyroid status was suppressed gradually and her TBII level became negative. On the 38th week of pregnancy, she underwent cesarean section by lumbar spinal anesthesia and twin girls were delivered with Apgar scores of 9. The thyroid statuses of the twins were measured, showing that their thyroid functions to be almost equal, although they were dizygotic twins. T3 and free-T3 were below the normal limits for adults, but they did not require any therapy. Maternal level of TBII is considered to be a useful index for management of patients with hyperthyroidism during the perianesthetic period for cesarean section. In this type of patients the thyroid status of both the mother and fetus should be carefully followed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Urinary calcium excretion in toxemia of pregnancy].

The amount of urinary calcium excretion is an useful marker for distinction between patient with preeclampsia and normal pregnancy of chronic hypertension has been reported. This study was performed to investigate the extent and the etiology of decrease in urinary calcium excretion in toxemia of pregnancy. The subjects in this study were 20 patients with severe toxemia of pregnancy (group T) and 20 subjects with normal pregnancy (group N). In these subjects, serum calcium (s-Ca), phosphate (s-Pi) and uric acid (s-UA) and urinary calcium (u-Ca), phosphate (u-Pi) and uric acid (u-UA) were measured. The values of u-Ca and u-Pi in the group T were significantly decreased than the group N (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.01). The values of s-Ca and s-Pi made no distinction between group T and group N. There was significant relationships between u-Ca and, s-UA (r = -0.70), clearance of UA (r-0.82), Ccr (r = 0.64), and FEca: Cca/Ccr (r = 0.87). These results indicated that the decrease of u-Ca was evident in severe toxemia of pregnancy. And the decrease of u-Ca has resulted from increase of tubular reabsorption. The change of u-Ca of patients with toxemia was studied. After the onset of toxemia, u-Ca was decreased rapidly (less than 50 mg/day) and u-Ca was restored to the normal range (more than 100 mg/day) promptly after delivery. The value of u-Ca was over 100 mg/day in the second pregnancy that developed on toxemia of pregnancy among the cases who has severe toxemia in the first pregnancy. However, toxemia of pregnancy have relapsed in the case with low u-Ca excretion of less than 100 mg/day during the second pregnancy.

Calcium↗
PubMed1989

Effects of EGF and indomethacin on rabbit corneal endothelial wound closure in excised corneas.

Corneal endothelial cells of rabbit corneas stored in M-K medium at 37 degrees C were wounded by touching them lightly with a micropipet under video specular microscope observation. Three groups were studied: control, with EGF, and with EGF + indomethacin. The wound closure process (initial wound area about 8500 microns 2) was observed and recorded with time-lapse videography for 6 hr. The recorded video images were digitized and computer assisted morphometric analysis was performed. (1) Addition of either EGF (10 ng/ml) + indomethacin (1 microM), or EGF (10 ng/ml) alone to the M-K medium statistically significantly shortened the wound closure time as compared with the control group. (2) Both EGF + indomethacin and EGF alone resulted in a greater average percent relative change of the shape factor, more than three times greater with EGF + indomethacin and more than two times greater with EGF alone, than in the control group 150 min after wounding. (3) The maximum cell shape change occurred at about 150 min after wounding in the groups EGF + indomethacin and EGF alone, and at about 200 min in the control group. After this time in all three groups the cells began to approach a normal shape. (4) The cells near the wound boundary moved faster in the EGF + indomethacin and the EGF groups as compared with the control group. These results suggest that EGF and indomethacin may be of therapeutic value in promoting closure of traumatized human corneal endothelium.

Animals↗