Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and anemia in a patient undergoing hemodialysis.
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Aldosterone↗
Biomedical subjects
A Yoshida
Publications and source records attributed to A Yoshida.
Effect of timolol on human retinal, choroidal and optic nerve head circulation.
In a double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled study, we evaluated the effect of topical timolol maleate 0.5% on the retinal, choroidal, and optic nerve head circulation in 5 healthy volunteer subjects. Changes in the pulsatile component of choroidal blood flow (PCBF) were determined from measurements of the ocular pulse wave. Changes in the retinal arterial blood flow rate (RBF) and optic nerve head capillary blood speed (CBS) were determined by laser Doppler velocimetry and monochromatic photography. In timolol-treated eyes, PCBF decreased by 32 +/- 12% (p = 0.0007). Changes in RBF and CBS were not statistically significant. In the contralateral placebo-treated eyes, PCBF decreased by 15 +/- 8% (p = 0.006) and RBF increased by 18 +/- 10% (p = 0.002). The change in CBS was not statistically significant.
Administration, Topical↗
[Effects of CN-100 on the functions of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes].
We studied the effects of CN-100 on the functions of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in vitro. CN-100 showed the inhibitory effects of superoxide production and luminol dependent chemiluminescence induced by opsonized zymosan (OZ) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) in PMN, and its inhibitory activity was almost equipotent to that of indomethacin and more than that of pranoprofen. Preincubation of cytochalasin E-treated PMN with CN-100, indomethacin and pranoprofen resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of lysosomal enzyme release elicited by OZ or FMLP, but pranoprofen was less potent than CN-100 and indomethacin. CN-100 and indomethacin inhibited the increase of intracellular calcium in FuraII loaded PMN stimulated by FMLP. The inhibitions by both agents were reversible. These findings indicated that the reversible interaction between CN-100 and PMN membrane inhibit signal transduction starting from intracellular calcium mobilization in PMN and suppress many PMN's functions. These results suggest that CN-100 has an inhibitory activity on PMN function which is as potent as that of indomethacin.
Animals↗
[Basal studies on the model of circular excisional wounds made on the dorsal skin of rats treated with hydrocortisone].
This study was performed to establish a circular excisional wound model treated with hydrocortisone (HC-P) and to estimate the following parameters in this model: wound area, hydroxyproline (Hyp) content, histological characteristics and microscopical measurements of histological sections. HC-P inhibited the reduction of wound area, the increase in Hyp content and proliferation of granulation tissue in a dose-dependent manner. The application of ZnO ointment significantly accelerated the reduction of wound area and the increased Hyp content in rats treated with HC-P. From these results, we concluded that this experimental model is useful for the objective evaluation of the efficacy of drugs that promote wound healing.
Animals↗
Simultaneous occurrence of SIADH, secondary hypogonadism and alopecia universalis in a woman with IDDM.
Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), hypothalamic hypogonadism and alopecia universalis occurred in a 31-year-old female with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Despite various clinical investigations and careful observation for 20 months, the cause and pathogenesis of SIADH and hypothalamic hypogonadism were not elucidated. The complex of these disorders had not been described. The presence of IDDM and alopecia universalis, in which an autoimmune process has been assumed to be involved, is interesting in considering the pathogenesis of the SIADH and hypothalamic hypogonadism.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Re-investigation of ontogenesis of epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA in the liver of rats: quantitative evaluation of northern blot analysis.
Changes in the expression rate of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA with age in the liver of rats were examined to assess the contribution of EGF to the proliferation of hepatocytes in younger animals. Northern blot analyses with a 32P-labeled probe derived from the extracellular domain of EGFR cDNA were evaluated quantitatively by normalizing the densitometric scanning data with the relative amounts of poly(A)+ RNA in the samples. The expression of EGFR mRNA was low during the early period and increased towards the adult level after 21 days of birth. In contrast, the rate of beta-actin mRNA expression was significantly higher immediately after birth and showed a tendency to decrease with time.
Actins↗
Kinetics of the Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel in rat hippocampal neurons.
The kinetics of the large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel (235 pS in symmetrical 150 mM K+) were examined in the inside-out mode of the patch clamp technique. The open probability of the channel increased when [Ca2+]i, [Sr2+]i, or [Ba2+]i was increased. The [Ca2+]i-response relation was fitted with a Hill coefficient of 2 and half-maximum concentrations of 185, 80, 14.5, and 5.5 microM at -40, -20, +20, and +40 mV, respectively. The channel was blocked by TEA or Ba2+. The open-time histogram showed a single exponential component and the closed-time histogram showed at least two exponential components at various [Ca2+]i. Increasing [Ca2+]i decreased the time constant of the slow component of the closed-time histogram. Cell-attached patch recording revealed activation of the large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel (BK channel) during the action potential. The deactivation time course was consistent with the fast after-hyperpolarization. A minimum model of the channel, close(2)-close(1)-open, where the transition from close(2) to close(1) requires the binding of 2 Ca2+, reconstructed quick activation of the channel if [Ca2+]i of 40 microM was assumed.
Action Potentials↗
Limitations due to unstirred layers in measuring channel response of excised membrane patch using rapid solution exchange methods.
The Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel was activated by a step increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) using the oil-gate concentration jump method in hippocampal neurons of rat. Limitations due to the unstirred volume between the excised inside-out membrane and the tip opening were examined.
Animals↗
Ascorbic acid deficiency elevates serum level of LDL-cholesterol in a rat mutant unable to synthesize ascorbic acid.
The effect of ascorbic acid deficiency on serum levels of high density lipoprotein- (HDL-), low density lipoprotein- (LDL-), very low density lipoprotein- (VLDL-) and chylomicron-cholesterol was examined in ODS-od/od rat (ODS rat), that is a rat mutant unable to synthesize ascorbic acid. Male ODS rats were fed an ascrobic acid-free diet for 20 days. In another two groups, the diet supplemented with 300 mg ascorbic acid/kg diet was fed either ad libitum (ad libitum control) or in pair-feeding (pair-fed control). Pair-fed rats received the same amount of diet as rats fed the ascorbic acid-free diet. Serum level of total cholesterol in the ad libitum control rats, ascorbic acid-deficient rats, and the pair-fed control rats were 100.1 +/- 8.4 mg/dl, 92.8 +/- 6.2 mg/dl and 72.2 +/- 4.8 mg/dl, respectively. The level of LDL-cholesterol in ascorbic acid-deficient rats was significantly higher than that in the ad libitum control or that in the pair-fed control. The level of HDL-cholesterol in ascorbic acid-deficient rats was lower than that in the ad libitum control, but was not changed as compared with that in the pair-fed control. Ascorbic acid deficiency did not affect serum level of VLDL-cholesterol or chylomicron-cholesterol as compared with those in the controls. These results demonstrate that ascorbic acid deficiency causes the elevation of serum level of LDL-cholesterol both in ad libitum feeding condition and pair feeding condition.
Animals↗
Cloning and characterization of the pectate lyase III gene of Erwinia carotovora Er.
A pectate lyase gene III (pel III) of Erwinia carotovora Er was cloned. The gene was expressed independently of a vector promoter in both E. carotovora Er and Escherichia coli. The pel III product was largely excreted in the culture medium of E. carotovora Er, while the product was only exported to the periplasmic space and was not excreted in the medium of E. coli. Nucleotide sequence analysis of pel III disclosed an open reading frame of 1,122 bp encoding a protein of 374 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contained the N-terminal 30 amino acid sequence from the purified pectate lyase III (PL III) indicating the presence of a 22-amino-acid signal peptide. A putative ribosome-binding site was found to be 9 bp upstream of the start codon. The location of pel III was about 5.6 kb downstream of pel I. The PL III showed 80% homology in the amino acid sequence with the PL I of E. carotovora Er.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
An unexpected rise in plasma aldosterone to furosemide-upright test in primary aldosteronism due to aldosterone producing adenoma.
This paper documents an unexpected rise in plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) to the furosemide-upright test despite a decrease in adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) by dexamethasone, and an unresponsiveness in plasma renin activity to this stimulus in a patient with aldosterone producing adenoma. Furthermore, this patient showed an appropriate response in PAC to a rapid ACTH test, and an insensitivity in PAC to angiotensin-II (Ang-II) infusion. Other factor(s) besides ACTH or Ang-II may play a role in the plasma aldosterone response to ambulation after intravenous furosemide administration in patients with primary aldosteronism.
Adenoma↗
[Clinicopathological study of nephropathy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].
We carried out a retrospective study to investigate the clinical and pathological findings in 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In clinical findings, 17 patients showed nephrotic syndrome, five had isolated proteinuria, two had proteinuria and hematuria and seven had renal failure. In pathological findings, there were 16 patients with membranous nephropathy (MN), two with proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN), two with minor glomerular abnormality (MGA), six with amyloidosis, 2 with tubulointerstitial nephritis, and three patients had accompanying lupus nephritis. Eleven of 16 with MGN had been treated with gold, bucillamine or D-penicillamine, so they were diagnosed as drug induced MGN. In the other five patients, we could not decide which drugs induced the nephropathy. The 2 cases of MGA were associated with nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure, which were caused by non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. There were two cases of non-Ig A DPGN, which was regarded as the native nephropathy in RA. The three cases with lupus nephritis were diagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus by the criteria of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA). In conclusion, the nephropathy in patients with RA was varied and renal biopsy was a useful examination.
Adult↗
[Acute renal failure in vasculitis and collagen disease].
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Acute Kidney Injury↗
Effects of successive doses of nizatidine, cimetidine and ranitidine on serum gastrin level and gastric acid secretion.
Nizatidine (N-[2-[[[2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]- 4-thiazolyl]methyl]thio]ethyl]-N'-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine , CAS 76963-41-2) is a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist which shows suppression of gastric acid secretion and antiulcer activity. In the present experiment, the effects of single s.c. administration of nizatidine, cimetidine and ranitidine on serum gastrin levels were studied in fasted rats. Nizatidine at 100 mg/kg increased serum gastrin level 3 h after administration, which however, returned to basal level 6 h after administration. Cimetidine and ranitidine at respective doses of 250 and 100 mg/kg markedly increased serum gastrin levels 3 and 6 h after administration. In a previous study, the suppressive effect of nizatidine on basal gastric acid secretion was 82.8% at a dose of 100 mg/kg s.c. in rat pylrus-ligated model. On the basis of these findings, changes in basal gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin level after withdrawal of nizatidine, cimetidine and ranitidine administered for 14 consecutive days were studied. One day after withdrawal, nizatidine at 100 mg/kg showed a tendency to increase the basal gastric acid secretion. However, 3 and 7 days after administration, almost no changes were obtained. Cimetidine at 250 mg/kg showed a tendency to increase the basal gastric acid secretion 7 days after withdrawal of the drug. Ranitidine at 100 mg/kg induced no changes in basal gastric acid secretion after withdrawal. No obvious influences of all drugs on serum gastrin level after withdrawals were obtained. These results indicate that consecutive administration of nizatidine may cause only a transient increase of gastric acid secretion but no hypergastrinaemia after its withdrawal.
Animals↗
Magnetic resonance imaging of intraocular tamponades.
The efficacy of proton magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating vitreous from C3F8 gas and silicone oil tamponades, and in detecting fresh hemorrhages and condensed vitreous was tested in rabbits in vivo. The results suggest that this imaging method could provide a useful alternative to ultrasonography, especially in eyes with opaque media.
Animals↗
Paraganglioma of the cauda equina. A case report and review of the literature.
A case of paraganglioma of the cauda equina is reported. The patient was a 55-year-old Japanese woman who complained of lower back pain and gradual weakening of the left lower extremity, she was diagnosed as having a spinal cord tumor, and the tumor was removed surgically. Histologically, the tumor was encapsulated, and consisted of solid nests of large, polyhedral epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nests were separated from each other by a thin fibrovascular stroma. Grimelius staining revealed neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. This was further confirmed by electron microscopic observation. The tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), but negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). On the basis of the histologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic features of the tumor cells, the tumor was diagnosed as paraganglioma. The cauda equina is a rare location for this type of tumor, and only a limited number of cases have been reported.
Cauda Equina↗
[Relation between metabolic and histological changes in the rat lens during the pathogenesis of galactose cataract].
A comparative study of the metabolic kinetics of organophosphate compounds, biochemical changes and histological changes, in the rat lens during the process of the generating galactose cataract. The change of alpha-glycerophosphate (alpha-GP) with time was analogous to that of dulcitol and the decrease of alpha-GP depended on histological destruction. Furthermore phosphorylcholine decreased considerably before adenosine triphosphate (ATP) decreased, the latter commencing when the histological destruction of the lens progressed to all around the lens. In addition, inositol decreased rapidly after ingestion of galactose. It was concluded that the decrease of alpha-GP was caused by the flow from the lens, and the decrease of ATP started from the epithelium in the lens. Therefore, it was speculated that the decrease of inositol was caused by decrease in the active transport of inositol.
Animals↗
[Changes in ocular structure and in blood-ocular barrier permeability of experimental myopia induced in monkeys].
We induced myopia by eyelid suturing in one eye each of six 9-month-old cynomolgus monkeys to elucidate the condition by studying changes in the ocular structure and the blood-ocular barrier (BOB) permeability. Optical elements were measured by A-mode ultrasonography; vitreous fluorophotometry was carried out to document BOB permeability before eyelid suturing and 3, 10, 16, and 28 months after suturing. The axial length of the sutured eyes increased significantly compared with that of the non-sutured contralateral eyes at 10 months after suturing and continued to lengthen with time. The dioptric power (D) of the sutured eyes changed in the same way. (mean, -3.08D 28 months after suturing). The permeability of the blood-retinal barrier of the sutured eyes significantly increased from 10 months after suturing compared with that of the fellow eyes, and continued to increase over the period of observation. The permeability index of the blood-aqueous barrier also increased significantly from only 16 months after suturing further increasing as the period of observation lengthened. We hypothesize that in the transition from emmetropia to myopia, the permeability of the BOB rises, and continue to rise as myopia develops. Thus, the breakdown of the BOB, i.e., the breakdown of the ocular homeostasis, is considered to be closely related to the occurrence and the development of myopia.
Animals↗