Biomedical subjects

A Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to A Yoshida.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Fatty liver induced by the addition of excess cystine to a soy-bean protein diet in rats.

1. The effects of excess cystine added to diets with casein, egg protein, soya-bean protein and wheat gluten as protein source on liver and serum lipids of rats were compared. 2. The addition of excess cystine to a soya-bean protein diet produced lipid accumulation in the liver. 3. The addition of excess cystine to casein, egg protein and soya-bean protein diets, but not a wheat gluten diet, increased serum cholesterol.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Molecular abnormalities of a human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant associated with undetectable enzyme activity and immunologically cross-reacting material.

Among a large number of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants associated with different severity of clinical manifestations, enzyme deficiency, and kinetic abnormalities found in humans, only one variant exhibits no measurable activity and lacks an immunologically cross-reacting material in blood cells and other tissues. The mRNA content of the patient's lymphoblastoid cells was found to be normal, and the size of mRNA was also normal (i.e., approximately 2.4 kb). Western blot hybridization indicated that the patient's cells did not produce cross-reacting material. The variant mRNA was reverse transcribed and amplified by PCR. Nucleotide sequencing of the variant cDNA showed the existence of three nucleotide base changes, i.e., a C----G at nucleotide 317 (counting from adenine of the initiation codon), which should cause Ser----Cys substitution at the 106th position (counting from the initiation Met); a C----T at nucleotide 544, which induces the Arg----Trp at the 182d position; and a C----T at nucleotide 592, which induces Arg----Cys at the 198th position of the protein. The existence of three mutation sites was confirmed by sequencing of selected regions of the variant gene. No base deletion or frameshift mutation was found in the variant cDNA. No nucleotide change was detected in the extended 5' region, which included the most distal cap site. When the variant cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli, the G6PD activity was approximately 2% of that expressed by the normal cDNA, and cross-reacting material was undetectable. However, when the variant mRNA was expressed in the in vitro translation system of rabbit reticulocytes, the variant protein was produced. These results suggest that extremely rapid in vivo degradation or precipitation of the variant enzyme induced by the three amino acid substitutions could be the major cause of the molecular deficiency.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1992

[Statistical analysis of relationship between microalbuminuria and diabetic retinopathy].

The relationship between microalbuminuria indicated by the logarithm of the albumin index and the stage of diabetic retinopathy was investigated using 175 diabetic subjects. The relationship and its dependence on the duration and the age of onset of diabetes were analyzed statistically with logistic regression. In younger-onset subjects, microalbuminuria was strongly related to the stage of retinopathy, but in older-onset subjects, the relationship showed to lack. For each subject, the frequency of retinopathy was predicted by the estimated probability calculated with the regression model. When the critical probability was 50%, the sensitivity and specificity were 53.1% and 76.2%, respectively. These results indicated that the regression model using the albumin index might be a useful method to predict the frequency of diabetic retinopathy even without ophthalmoscopic examination.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Comparison between B-scan ultrasound and MRI in the detection of diabetic vitreous hemorrhage.

The efficacy of proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was evaluated and compared with that of B-scan ultrasound in the detection and differentiation of diabetic vitreous hemorrhage. Although conventional spin-echo MRI could not locate vitreous hemorrhages, gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) MRI readily did so. The aberrant signals appeared to originate from the interfacing between hemorrhages and the vitreous, and possibly also from the paramagnetic effect of the ferrous ion. The information provided by boundary/susceptibility detection, unique to the GRE sequence, is useful in delineating the extent of vitreous hemorrhage and hemolysis. However, for the diagnosis and follow up of diabetic vitreous hemorrhages, MRI appears no more informative than B-scan ultrasonography.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[Analysis of optic nerve head circulation in diabetics using a laser Doppler technique].

The authors measured the red blood cell speed distributions in the capillaries of the optic nerve head using a laser Doppler technique. We calculated the widths of Doppler-broadened frequency spectra of laser light scattered from temporal sites on the optic nerve head in 34 Type I diabetic patients (mean age, 29.5 years; 12 patients having no retinopathy; 22 having background retinopathy) and in 29 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Doppler broadening proportional to the red blood speed was 763 +/- 113 Hz (mean +/- SD) in the diabetics and 912 +/- 167 Hz in the controls. The difference was statistically significant. Mean blood pressure and intraocular pressure in the diabetics were not significantly different compared to controls. Our finding of abnormally low capillary blood speeds suggests that pathologic alterations occur in the microvasculature of the optic nerve head in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Studies on blood coagulation-fibrinolysis system regarding kallikrein-kinin system in the utero-placental circulation during normal pregnancy, labor and puerperium.

In our previous study (Adv. Exp. Med & Biol., 247B. 569. 1989, 198B. 41. 1986, blood & vessel, 17: 51. 1986), we reported on the mechanism of coagulation-fibrinolysis system and kallikrein-kinin system in the utero-placental circulation during normal pregnancy, labor and puerperium. The samples were collected from the uterine artery (UA), uterine vein (UV) and peripheral vein (PV). In this study, we tried to elucidate the mechanism of coagulation-fibrinolysis with relation to kks by measuring of Thrombin/Antithrombin III complex (TAT), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI) complex (tPA.PAI.C), active plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (active PAI), alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor/plasmin complex (PIC). In 20 normal pregnant women, the levels of TAT, tPA.PAI.C and active PAI significantly increased the first trimester (TAT 4.31 +/- 2.05 ng/ml, tPA.PAI.C 39.52 +/- 17.34 ng/ml, active PAI 39.58 +/- 15.29 ng/ml, n = 20 M +/- SD P < 0.001) to the third trimester (TAT 6.39 +/- 1.93 ng/ml, tPA.PAI.C 57.94 +/- 30.80 ng/ml, active PAI 304.24 +/- 148.64 ng/ml, n = 20 M +/- SD P < 0.001) as compared with those of non-pregnant women (TAT 1.60 +/- 0.89 ng/mg, tPA.PAI.C 11.72 +/- 4.59 ng/ml, active PAI 11.53 +/- 7.48 ng/ml, n = 16 M +/- SD). In utero-placental circulation, the levels of TAT significantly increased (TAT 22.12 +/- 20.03 ng/ml n = 20 M +/- SD P < 0.001) in UV, and tPA.PAI.C and PIC. markedly increased (tPA.PAI.C 93.38 +/- 56.05 ng/ml, PIC 1.03 +/- 0.94 micrograms/ml n = 20 M +/- SD P < 0.02) in UV, but active PAI markedly decreased (active PAI 244.18 +/- 87.55 ng/ml n = 20 M +/- SD P < 0.02) as compared with those in PV (TAT 6.1 +/- 2.09 ng/ml, tPA.PAI.C 59.34 +/- 18.99 ng/ml, PIC 0.49 +/- 0.24 micrograms/ml, active PAI 349.14 +/- 157.34 ng/ml, n = 20 M +/- SD). These findings suggest that the significant increase in those complexes in UA has produced a deposition of fibrin clots in the area in contact with utero-placental blood vessel, although the marked increase in tPA.PAI.C and PIC incompletely inhibited the fibrinolytic activity of tPA by the active PAI. The kks shows a consumption of prekallikrein, LMW-kininogen and HMW-kininogen, and an overproduction of kinin in UV.

Antithrombin III↗

PubMed1992

Studies of blood coagulation-fibrinolysis regarding kallikrein-kinin system in severe preeclampsia.

UNLABELLED: In our previous study 1), 2), 3) we reported the changes of coagulation-fibrinolysis, kallikrein-kinin system and kininase in preclampsis. In this study, we tried to obtain systemic information of chronic DIC status with regard to kallikrein-kinin system in severe preeclampsia. This systemic information was evaluated in 20 cases of normal gravidas from 28 to 42 weeks of gestation as a control by measuring plasma Thrombin/Antithrombin III complex (TAT), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) complex, active plasminogen inhibitor-1 (active PAI), 2PI plasmin complex (PIC). RESULTS: The levels of plasma TAT and tPA significantly increased (TAT = 10.9 +/- 8.3 ng/ml n = 24 M +/- SD P < 0.02, tPA = 6.1 +/- 3.2 ng/ml n = 10 M +/- SD P < 0.01), tPA PAI C and active PAI markedly increased (tPA PAI C = 85.07 +/- 50.01 ng/ml n = 24 P < 0.05, active PAI = 407.4 +/- 166.0 ng/ml n = 24 P < 0.205), and PIC and D-dimer = 435.1 +/- 145.2 ng/ml n = 8 M +/- SD P < 0.001) in severe preeclampsia as compared with those of normal values (TAT = 6.1 2.0 ng/ml, tPA = 3.6 +/- 1.5 ng/ml, tPA PAI C = 57.9 +/- 30.8 ng/ml, active PAI = 304.2 +/- 148.6 ng/ml, PIC = 0.49 +/- 0.24 mg/ml, D-dimer = 282.9 +/- 75.3 ng/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antithrombin III↗

PubMed1992

Familial juvenile nephronophthisis and renal transplantation in two siblings.

Familial juvenile nephronophthisis (FJN) is a hereditary renal disease, characterized by a juvenile onset and the development of medullary cysts and progressive renal damage. The pathogenesis of FJN remains unknown, and at present, no rational therapy other than renal transplantation is available. We describe two cases in siblings in whom there were no extrarenal complications, such as retinopathy or central nervous system involvement. Both patients display juvenile onset of the disease and end-stage renal failure. The brother received a kidney from his father, and the sister received a kidney from her mother. Recurrence of the underlying disease has not so far been found in the transplanted kidney.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Dynamic changes in the organophosphate metabolites of the lenses affected by endotoxin and S-antigen induced uveitis].

Using 31P-NMR spectroscopy, the authors observed dynamic changes in the organophosphate metabolites in the lenses of two groups of Lewis rats affected by experimental uveitis induced by injecting Salmonella lipopolysaccharide (n = 20) or S-antigen (n = 25). A comparative study was done on the metabolic changes, the degree of inflammation, and histological changes in the rat lenses. Dynamic changes in the organophosphate profile in the lenses were measured by 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Only inorganic phosphate showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05) related to the increased inflammation in the endotoxin group, but the lenses showed no morphological change. Choline phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, and inorganic phosphate increased significantly (p less than 0.01) in the acute stage of inflammation, but a significant decrease (p less than 0.01) was evident from the peak of inflammation, following the histological destruction of the lenses. Our results indicated that in experimental uveitis dynamic changes in the organophosphate profile of the lenses were closely related to the protecting reaction against the stress caused by inflammation. Furthermore, we theorized that the generation of the secondary cataract was associated with the decreased metabolism of the phosphate compounds.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in the orthopaedic field].

A retrospective report regarding MRSA infections, related to wards and physicians in the hospital, was carried out. The number of the patients infected by MRSA in every wards was compared. Less patients with MRSA infection ware observed in the orthopaedic ward. An epidemiologic study using culture sampling of MRSA was performed at the isolated room for the patient with MRSA infection. Positive cultures were also detected in several areas in the ward, in addition to that room. Then the infection risk of every places in the hospital was suspected. Four cases of orthopaedic patients with MRSA were described.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Prednisolone and aspirin therapy for habitual abortion associated with anti-cardiolipin antibody].

Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombocytopenia, thrombosis and/or abortion. Steroid and aspirin therapy has been reported useful for habitual abortion associated with APS. Eleven patients, whose prior pregnancies resulted in habitual abortion (41 abortions), were received a intentional prednisolone (40 mg/day) and aspirin (81 mg/day) therapy before further pregnancies and both agents were decreased gradually. We maintained prednisolone (10-15 mg/day) and aspirin (40.5 mg/day) during pregnancy period. After the treatment, the outcome of pregnancy was successful in 7 of 10 pregnancies. The weight of newborn infants ranged from 1980 to 2980 g and apgar score ranged from 4 to 9 points. No side effect was observed, and fetal malformation and/or adrenal insufficiency was not recognized in any infants. In conclusion, an intentional prednisolone plus aspirin therapy is useful to prevent habitual abortion in patient with APS.

Abortion, Habitual↗

PubMed1992

Induction of smg p21/rap1A p21/krev-1 p21 gene expression during phorbol ester-induced differentiation of a human megakaryocytic leukemia cell line.

smg p21A and -B (smg p21s) are ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) with the same putative effector domain as ras p21s. Both smg p21A mRNA and smg p21B mRNA were detected in CMK, a human megakaryocytic leukemia cell line, and their levels were markedly elevated by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which caused the differentiation of this cell line into more mature megakaryocytes. The smg p21 protein molecules also increased during the TPA-induced differentiation of CMK cells. The mRNA level of glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb), a typical marker of the megakaryocytes, was increased by this treatment, but the time course of the increase in the smg p21 mRNA levels as more rapid than that of the increase in the GPIIb mRNA level. Ha-ras p21 mRNA was undetectable, but both Ki- and N-ras p21 mRNAs were detected in CMK cells and their levels were also increased during TPA-induced differentiation of CMK cells, although to a lesser extent than those of smg p21 mRNAs. Protein kinase C inhibitors inhibited the basal and TPA-induced smg p21A mRNA level, but cyclic AMP-elevating prostaglandin E1 or Ca(2+)-mobilizing ionomycin did not inhibit them. Cycloheximide enhanced the basal and TPA-induced smg p21A mRNA levels. Actinomycin D blocked the TPA-induced smg p21A mRNA levels, but showed no detectable effect on the elevated smg p21A mRNA level which was induced by pretreatment with TPA. A dramatic increase in the smg p21 mRNA levels was also observed in other leukemia cell lines during TPA-induced differentiation. These results suggest that TPA stimulated expression of the smg p21A gene, presumably through the action of protein kinase C at the transcriptional level rather than at the post-transcriptional level, in hematopoietic leukemia cells.

Alprostadil↗

PubMed1992

[The metabolism of galactose cataracts evaluated by phosphorous-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2)].

The authors evaluated the metabolic kinetics of organophosphate compounds in the course of the evolution of galactose cataracts in rat lenses using phosphorous-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy. Three-week-old rats (Lewis) were fed with a 25% galactose diet for three days, and one, two, three and four weeks. Metabolic changes in the lenses were measured and the following results were obtained: (1) Changes in glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) levels over the time course were analogous to changes for choline phosphate (CP); both GPC and CP level showed a significant decrease in the galactose-fed sample compared with the controls from three days after ingestion, and then continued to decrease gradually. This suggested that the decrease of GPC was associated with the level of CP. (2) Inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) increased gradually after the ingestion of galactose, reaching a maximum at third week, and subsequently falling. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels did not show any significant changes at one week, but had fallen significantly at two weeks. There might be metabolic pathways for production of ATP without requirement of Pi in the lens for at least the first one week. (3) Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) levels did not show any significant changes at three days, but had fallen significantly at one week. Nucleotide sugar (NS) increased gradually after the ingestion of galactose, reaching a maximum at second week, and then decreasing. This suggested that the ADP was converted to ADP sugar.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Intraocular barrier permeability in spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamster].

Fluorophotometry was performed with normal and spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters (CHAD) in order to investigate differences in blood-ocular barrier permeability and lens autofluorescence. Blood-aqueous barrier permeability was evaluated by the fluorescence value in the anterior chamber which was corrected using both autofluorescence value and the concentration of fluorescein in the plasma. The results showed that the diabetic group had significantly higher values than the normal group (p less than 0.01). Blood-retinal barrier permeability was evaluated in the vitreous by the same method. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Lens autofluorescence values were also significantly higher for the diabetic group compared with the normal group (p less than 0.001). In these spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters, the permeability function of the blood-retinal barrier seemed to be maintained its normal level, while both the blood-aqueous barrier and lens were damaged by deleterious effects of diabetes.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Five cases of hematological disorders associated with acute myocardial infarction in thrombocytopenia].

Case of hematological disorders associated with acute myocardial infarction had been found in five of forty five autopsy cases which had hematological disorders during the past seven years. The five cases of hematological disorders consisted of two cases of myelodysplastic syndrome, a case of aplastic anemia, a case of primary myelofibrosis in blast transformation, and a case of acute myelogenous leukemia. All the patients were over 60 years old. Four patients had coronary artery stenosis and extensive myocardial infarction. Fibrinogen degradation products were elevated in four patients. DIC was recognized in two and suspected in two others. In all cases, platelet counts markedly decreased to less than 2.5 x 10(10)/L. Since no chest pain was noted by any patient, it was difficult to diagnose acute myocardial infarction without autopsy, except in one case. It is important to recognize the possibility of severe cardiac dysfunction due to myocardial infarction in thrombocytopenia, especially in the aged with DIC.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Time course of myocardial infarction evaluated by indium-111-antimyosin monoclonal antibody scintigraphy: clinical implications and prognostic value.

To investigate the clinical implications of 111In-antimyosin antibody scintigraphy in the chronic stage of myocardial infarction, 34 studies were performed in 26 patients with 36 infarcts of various infarct ages. The infarcts were divided into three groups according to time from onset of chest pain to scintigraphy. Positive antimyosin images were obtained in 93% of Group I patients (3 days to 1 mo), 71% of Group II patients (1.5 mo to 1 yr) and none were obtained from Group III patients (1.5-6 yr). A negative correlation was observed between antimyosin uptake and the time after myocardial infarction. In Group II, patients with coronary artery patency and patients showing redistribution on exercise 201TI scintigraphy were more likely to have positive antimyosin images compared to patients without these features. Recurrent angina may also relate to chronic antimyosin uptake. Indium-111-antimyosin antibody scintigraphy may be a useful method in assessing the course of myocardial infarction and for the patient follow-up.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[Analysis of the GPIIb and GPIIIa genes in patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia].

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder due to a deficiency or abnormality of glycoproteins (GPs) IIb and IIIa, but its genetic basis remains to be determined. We analyzed the genes for GPIIb and 3'GPIIIa in 3 patients with GT and in 7 control subjects by Southern blot. No large deletions or insertions were detected in these genes in any patient with GT. Furthermore, the GPIIb and GPIIIa mRNAs derived from the platelets of patients with GT could be amplified using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This finding indicates that the mRNAs of the patients with GT are considered to be normally transcribed. The molecular defects of the GPIIb.

Blotting, Southern↗

PubMed1991

Enzymatic properties of the protein encoded by newly cloned human alcohol dehydrogenase ADH6 gene.

Five non-allelic genes which encode five types of alcohol dehydrogenase subunits have been identified in humans. An additional gene (ADH6) and cDNA, whose coding sequences were not highly analogous to any of the known alcohol dehydrogenase subunits, were recently cloned (Yasunami et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 7610-7614, 1991). The full-length ADH6 cDNA was expressed in the E.coli expression system and in the in vitro translation system of rabbit reticulocytes. The protein produced had its isoelectric point at pH 8.6, optimum pH at pH 10, and a lower Km for benzylalcohol than for ethanol and propanol. These characteristics are compatible to the properties of mu- or sigma-alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme existing in human stomach, indicating that ADH6 gene encodes the mu- or sigma-alcohol dehydrogenase subunit.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗