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Biomedical subjects

A Yarcheski

Publications and source records attributed to A Yarcheski.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Stressors associated with coronary bypass surgery.

The purpose of this investigation was to attempt to replicate the findings of a study by Carr and Powers (1986) which examined differences between patient and nurse perceptions of the severity of stressfulness associated with hospital- and illness-related stressors. The samples consisted of 24 patients who experienced coronary bypass surgery and 24 nurses who cared for them during their hospitalization. All participants responded to the Stressor Scale developed by Carr and Powers (1986) specifically for patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. Findings indicated that the major findings of the original study were replicated. Three one-way analysis of variance statistical procedures indicated that cardiothoracic nurses rated all stressors and hospital-related and illness-related stressors as statistically significantly more stressful for coronary bypass patients than did the patients themselves.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A study of sleep during adolescence.

The purpose of this comparative study was to examine differences in sleep disturbance, sleep effectiveness, and sleep supplementation, as measured by the Verran/Snyder-Halpern (VSH) Sleep Scale, according to phase of adolescence as determined by chronological age and gender. Data were collected from 116 early, 116 middle, and 116 late adolescent boys and girls in classroom settings. Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to analyze the data. Three statistically significant findings emerged in the analyses. First, middle adolescents had the highest level of sleep disturbance among the three groups, which was statistically significantly higher than that found in late adolescents. Second, adolescent girls reported less sleep effectiveness than adolescent boys. Third, when the amount of sleep per day was analyzed, findings indicated that adolescent boys slept more than adolescent girls. The discussion of the findings includes implications for nursing research and practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Health consequences of loneliness in adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to test a causal model developed from a theoretical formulation of the health consequences of loneliness in adolescents. The sample consisted of 325 adolescents, ages 12 to 21. Data were obtained in classroom settings on the variables of age, gender, and loneliness on one testing date; and on the variables of introspectiveness, symptom patterns, and perceived health status on another testing date 1 week later. The causal model was tested via the LISREL 7 program. By all indicators used in this study, there was a very good fit of the overidentified model with the data, the causal relationships predicted in the model were correctly specified, and modification of the model was not indicated. The results indicated that loneliness contributed to introspectiveness, that both loneliness and introspectiveness contributed to the reporting of symptom patterns, and that all of the aforementioned variables contributed directly and/or indirectly to a less positive perception of health status among adolescents. A vast majority of the direct and indirect effects of age and gender predicted on other variables in the model were supported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

An empirical test of Rogers' original and revised theory of correlates in adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to examine Rogers' original and revised theory of correlates in adolescents. The correlates were measured by Perceived Field Motion, Human Field Rhythms, Creativity, Sentience, Fast Tempo, and Waking Periods. The original theory was tested with data obtained from samples of early (n = 116), middle (n = 116), and late (n = 116) adolescents. The revised theory was tested in a fourth selectively combined sample of adolescents, aged 12 to 21 (n = 89). Data were collected in classroom settings. Although the findings did not support either theory, they did indicate that: (1) four of the six correlates studied performed as correlates when examined in three discrete phases of adolescence, as determined by chronological age, (2) the means of the individual correlates increased slightly in frequency levels developmentally, and (3) the correlates emerged at different frequency levels when examined in adolescents, aged 12 to 21.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The dimensionality of the UCLA Loneliness Scale in early adolescents.

The dimensionality of the UCLA Loneliness Scale was assessed in 326 adolescents aged 12 to 14. Based on theoretical grounds, a one-factor solution was examined. The results lend limited support to the assertion that the instrument measures a single dimension of loneliness. Factor solutions ranging from three to five were unacceptable according to the methodological criteria used in this study. A two-factor solution met the methodological criteria but the results were suggestive of a method artifact. This possibility was explored using a procedure that follows the logic of construct validation. The findings suggested that the instrument has two substantive dimensions. Continued support of the bidimensionality of the instrument would have implications for theory development regarding the phenomenon of loneliness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Learning needs of patients with angina: an extension study.

This study compares the learning needs of patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease who experience angina with ratings by the patients themselves and the nurses who care for them. Also compared are the rankings done on categories of select learning needs with rankings done on categories of actual or intended adherence to prescribed medical regimens, using data obtained from the patients. Samples consisted of 15 telemetry unit nurses, 15 inpatients with angina, and 15 postdischarge patients with angina. All participants responded to the Cardiac Patient Learning Need Inventory and a demographic data sheet. Patients also responded to the Educator Preference Tool and either the Health Intention or Health Behavior Scale. Data analysis indicated that similarities and differences existed between patients and nurses in what they believed is important for patients to learn. Patients expressed a greater preference for physicians, rather than nurses, to teach them cardiac information. The findings indicate that what patients believe is most important to learn, as indicated by select learning needs categories, is related to what they most intend to do or actually adhere to regarding their medical regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Testing the validity of categories in a theoretical perspective on chronic illness.

The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in future time perspective, loneliness and perceived maternal expressiveness between adolescents who were chronically ill with cystic fibrosis and adolescents who were reportedly healthy. The sample consisted of 30 adolescents with cystic fibrosis who were matched on selected variables with 30 healthy adolescents. They responded to the Heimberg Future Time Perspective Inventory, the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Perceived Maternal Expressiveness Scale. The three hypotheses were tested using the t-test. Since none of the hypotheses was supported, the validity of the categories was questioned. Theoretical and practical implications are addressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Perceived stress and symptom patterns in early adolescents: the role of mediating variables.

The relationship between perceived stress and symptom patterns was investigated in 136 seventh and eighth grade boys and girls. Affective-oriented coping and social support, two variables hypothesized as mediators of this relationship, were examined also. Participants completed the Modified Adolescent Life Change Events Questionnaire, the Jalowiec Coping Scale, the PRQ-A Social Support System, and the Symptom Pattern Scale. As predicted, the positive relationship between perceived stress and symptom patterns decreased when controlling for affective-oriented coping, while it increased when controlling for social support. Implications for nursing practice and further theory development are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alternate models of positive health practices in adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to develop and test two alternate causal models of positive health practices in adolescents, which built on a modification of the original theoretical formulation previously tested in adolescents by Yarcheski and Mahon (1989). The sample consisted of 202 adolescents, aged 15 to 21. In classroom settings they responded to instruments and a demographic data sheet measuring variables in both models (age, gender, self-esteem, social support, and positive health practices), and to additional variables in Model 1 (future time perspective) and Model 2 (perceived health status). Both causal models were tested by the LISREL 7 program. By all indicators used in the study, there was a very good fit of both models with their data, there were no specification errors in either model, and neither model required modification. Visual inspection of the indicators suggested that Model 1 had a slightly better fit than did Model 2 with their respective data. These results suggested that causal models explaining positive health practices should include endogenous variables that share a common orientation, such as those with a psychosocial focus versus those with a health-related focus.

Adolescent↗