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Biomedical subjects

A Wright

Publications and source records attributed to A Wright.

404 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cochleotoxic effects of spermine and kanamycin.

Aminoglycosides are organic bases that contain multiple amino groups. The ototoxic potential of these amine groups was studied using spermine, which is a polyamine with four amine groups (two amino and two imino). Twenty-four pigmented guinea pigs were studied. One-tenth milliliter of different concentrations of kanamycin A sulfate or spermine were given intratympanically. The temporal bones were removed 4 days after the injections, and the cochleas were examined using the scanning electron microscope. The damage to the hair cells was recorded in cytocochleograms. The results show that spermine is cochleotoxic when given intratympanically. Dosage of 50 mumol for kanamycin A sulfate and 5 mumol for spermine caused total damage of the outer hair cells in all ears. Lower dosage of kanamycin A sulfate (20 mumol) and spermine (1 mumol) did not cause any histologically discernible changes.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prospective study of the effects of ventilation tubes on hearing after radiotherapy for carcinoma of nasopharynx.

In patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, deafness sometimes occurs following radiotherapy. It is usually conductive, but may be sensorineural. Tinnitus is present frequently and usually is distressing. The role of ventilation tubes (grommets) in relieving these problems was assessed in a prospective randomized controlled trial of 115 patients. In the group with grommets, there was an improvement in hearing, with a reduction of the averaged air-bone gap (p less than .01). This was not found in the control group without ventilation tubes, who developed a larger conductive loss (p less than .01) and, in addition, a slight deterioration of the averaged bone conduction threshold (p less than .01). Surprisingly, the group with grommets did not develop this sensorineural loss (p less than .01). In addition, tinnitus was improved significantly by the insertion of ventilation tubes (p less than .01). Neither necrosis nor stenosis of the external auditory meatus was found in either group.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HIV seroprevalence surveys of childbearing women--objectives, methods, and uses of the data.

A seroprevalence survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among childbearing women is being conducted in 43 States and Territories as one of the family of HIV seroprevalence surveys. This blinded survey, in which serologic test results are not linked to identifiable persons, uses neonatal dried blood specimens on filter paper to test for maternal antibodies to HIV. This survey provides relatively unbiased estimates of prevalence of HIV infection in the population of women delivering live children during given survey periods, by month or quarter of delivery, geographic area, and demographic subgroup. This objective will be met while protecting the integrity and efficient conduct of neonatal screening programs and ensuring patient anonymity. Information from this survey will be used to (a) assess the levels and trends of HIV infection in women and infants, (b) help develop and evaluate prevention programs, and (c) project the number of women and children who will develop HIV infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and will require health care and social services in the future.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the hospital postpartum period for population-based research.

A survey method was developed to conduct population-based research on behaviour in pregnancy by contacting women during the postpartum period in hospital. 85.8% of the eligible women completed the questionnaire in hospital, and follow-up measures increased the response rate to the full questionnaire to 90.8%. A shorter version of the questionnaire was completed by another 3.7% of the women for an overall response rate of 94.5%. The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was high. This method was very acceptable to women. Non-response was due mainly to women who were missed or to lost questionnaires rather than refusal. It is important to have a high response rate on similar surveys since responders did differ from non-responders on important characteristics. This method should prove useful to other health care planners.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reducing infusion failure: a pharmacologic approach--a review.

Infusion failure due to phlebitis and extravasation is a common nursing problem in children and adults. Although many strategies to reduce such failure have been suggested, because of its multifactorial etiology, infusions still continue to fail. One approach that seems to have good results in prolonging the life of infusions (or reducing infusion failure) is the use of drugs or medications. This article reviews some of the methods used to reduce infusion failure and suggests that nurses be aware of and consider a pharmacological approach to reducing infusion failure when managing intravenous infusions in adults and children.

Adult↗