Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Wretlind

Publications and source records attributed to A Wretlind.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Complete parenteral nutrition of amino acids, glucose, vitamins and minerals with inclusion of fats].

The objective of complete intravenous nutrition is to supply by the intravenous route all the nutrients normally obtained in the oral diet and the same relative proportions as absorbed from an oral diet. Some suggested allowances to meet these nutritional requirements in patients with different clinical conditions are made. There appears to be little overall difference in the clinical effectiveness of an intravenous regime in which all the non-protein energy is provided by glucose and one in which both glucose and lipid are used. However, the use of a system of complete intravenous nutrition, which by definition must contain lipid, does have specific practical advantages which make it the system of choice in certain circumstances.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

A perfluorochemical oxygen carrier (fluosol-43) in a synthetic medium used for perfusion of isolated rat liver.

An emulsion of perfluorotributylamine (Fluosol-43) was used as substitute for the gas-carrying function of erythrocytes in a synthetic medium for perfusion of isolated rat liver. The efficiency and effect of this synthetic gas-carrier were evaluated from measurements of the concentrations of rat albumin, the unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity of small-molecular-size vitamin B12-binding proteins (UBBC of SBP), urea nitrogen, glucose, sodium, potassium, alanine amino transferase (ALAT) in the medium, and the incorporation of 14C-lysine into the circulating proteins. Secretion of bile, portal pressure, PO2, PCO2 and pH in the affluent and the effluent mediums were also measured. The results demonstrate that the oxygen-carrying capacity of the medium and the metabolic functions of the liver were higher, and the liver damage less, when the medium included Fluosol-43 than without it. The albumin synthesis and the secretion of bile were as high as has been reported for perfusions with erythrocytes. This indicates that the oxygen carried by the Fluosol-43 was utilised by the liver, and that the metabolic functions were not adversely affected during 4 h of perfusion by the medium containing Fluosol-43.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1976

Nitrogen-sparing effect of fat emulsion compared with glucose in the postoperative period.

The investigation was directed towards elucidating two questions of current interest in parenteral nutrition: (1) Is it at all possible to obtain positive nitrogen balance during the immediate postoperative course (the "catabolic phase")? (2) Is there any difference in the nitrogen balance if the main energy source consists of hypertonic carbohydrate solution or of fat emulsion? Nine patients were examined during the first six postoperative days after gastric resection with regard to nitrogen balance. All of them were given crystalline amino acids (Vamin) corresponding to 0.3 g N/kg body-weight and day together with fructose, electrolytes, and vitamins. Five of the patients were also given 50 kcal/kg body-weight and day mainly as fat emulsion (Intralipid) and the other four received the same amount of energy mainly as 54 percent glucose solution. The investigation showed that it was possible to obtain nitrogen equilibrium during the immediate postoperative course, whether the main non-protein supply consisted of hypertonic carbohydrate solution or of fat emulsion. There was no significant difference between the two energy sources in this respect. Fat emulsion as main energy source is preferable, however, for several reasons.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Future trends in parenteral nutrition.

With our present knowledge of total, intravenous nutrition it is now possible to eliminate, or greatly reduce, the incidence of malnutrition, as a complication of various medical and surgical conditions in modern hospitals. There is a tendency to include supplementary or total intravenous nutrition in the feeding program of the hospital, to ensure that the patients get an adequate daily amount of nutrients. The trend in the development of intravenous nutrition is, to supply all nutrients in the same proportions as those in which they enter the general circulation following a well-balanced oral food intake. Various mixtures of amino acids have been used as part of a complete intravenous nutrition. All studies in this field indicate a trend to use those amino acids mixtures which contain the essential and the nonessential L-amino acids in the same proportions as are found in the aminogram of proteins with high biological value. There is a trend to include fat, as fat emulsion (soybean oil-egg yolk-phospholipid emulsion), for intravenous nutrition, in an amount corresponding to about 40 energy percent as both the source of energy and of essential fatty acids for the body. To make an intravenous nutrition as complete as possible, all essential minerals should be included. Phosphorus is of special interest here as it aids in the prevention of hypophatemia and tissue anoxia caused by deficiency of diphosphateglycerate in the erythrocytes. Zinc may also be mentioned because of its importance for wound healing. There is also a tendency to include all the 13 necessary vitamins in an intravenous feeding program. In this connection vitamin K1 is of special importance. If patients on intravenous nutrition are treated with antibiotics, this may result in a change in the intestinal flora and a loss of intestinal vitamin K production, causing vitamin K deficiency, with severe or fatal bleeding. Consequently, vitamin K1 should be given daily to every patient on intravenous alimentation. The future trend in parenteral nutrition will also be to use this method for exact nutrition balances. In this way it will be possible to determine the endogenous loss via feces, as well as to study the requirements of nutrients in different conditions.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Studies on isolated rat liver perfused by perfluoro-compound emulsion.

Isolated rat livers were perfused for 6 hours by different types of cell-free synthetic media. Some of the media included perfluoro-compounds as an oxygen carrier. The value of the perfusion medium as blood substitute was judged on the basis of observations and measurements of a number of parameters. These were: secretion of bile, fluid pressure in the portal vein, the level of GPT (ALAT) transaminase, urea nitrogen, and glucose in the perfusate. The rate of albumin synthesis and the rate of 14-C-lysine incorporated into circulating proteins were also measured. It was found that perfusion of the isolated rat liver with the TC-199 Difco medium containing the perfluoro-compound FC-80 emulsion maintained the liver in a good condition demonstrated, among other things, by the synthesis of albumin and other proteins. The liver could be kept in a good functional condition during 6 hours perfusion with this cell-free medium. With all the other types of perfusate tested the liver did not synthesize proteins. The isolated rat liver seems to be both convenient and advantageous for testing the perfusion media with respect to their capacity to maintain important metabolic functions.

Albumins↗
PubMed1975

Prophylaxis against infection and septicemia in parenteral nutrition via central intravenous catheter.

Catheter sepsis has become a serious problem due to increased use of parenteral nutrition. A well functioning catheter system, where a minimum of manipulations are necessary, is of great importance from a prophylatic point of view. Meticulous aseptic and antiseptic technique must be observed in all handling of the catheter system. Daily sterilization by flambage with alcohol flame of the connection in the catheter system, where the most important risk of contamination exists, is recommended.

Antisepsis↗