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Biomedical subjects

A Wolff

Publications and source records attributed to A Wolff.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Oral complications of cancer therapies. Pretherapy interventions to modify salivary dysfunction.

Salivary gland dysfunction is a common side effect of cancer therapies. Salivary secretions are reduced rapidly after starting head and neck radiotherapy. Salivary gland dysfunction has also been linked to bone marrow transplantation and to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Salivary gland stimulation during radiation has been suggested as a means of reducing radiation damage. Results of an ongoing study investigating the effects of pilocarpine on radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction suggest that parotid function was preserved, but not submandibular/sublingual function. Also, patients receiving pilocarpine had less frequent oral complaints. Further research is necessary to develop means of preventing or alleviating the salivary side effects of cancer therapies.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1990

Major salivary gland function in primary Sjögren's syndrome and its relationship to clinical features.

Unstimulated and stimulated salivary secretions of both the parotid and submandibular/sublingual glands were studied in 64 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome to define further salivary changes in this disorder. The stimulated flows of the submandibular/sublingual glands were below normal in 56 of 64 patients, while stimulated parotid flows were decreased in only 35. Compositional changes of the submandibular saliva paralleled changes of parotid saliva, and these data suggest that ductal electrolyte resorption is altered in the glands of patients. Finally, stimulated parotid flow rates correlated inversely with focus scores of the minor salivary gland biopsies.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Lack of acute effects of methotrexate on rat parotid salivary gland function.

Like other cytotoxic drugs, methotrexate (MTX) produces adverse reactions in oral tissues. Parotid gland function was examined, in vivo and in vitro, 18 h after MTX administration (15 mg/kg, i.p.). No salivary effects could be detected consistently. In addition, the integrity of the oral mucosa remained intact. Thus, at this dose, MTX does not exert an acute cytotoxic effect either on a rapidly replicating oral tissue like the mucosa, or on tissue with a slow turnover rate like the parotid.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

AIDS and HIV-1 infection: clinical entities in geriatric dentistry.

The number of AIDS cases in individuals 50 years of age or older in the United States is reported to exceed 9000. Contaminated blood and blood transfusions are major contributors to HIV-1 infection in this age group. Sexual transmission and infection through intravenous drug abuse are also potential avenues of HIV-1 transmission in the older population. AIDS presents with a variety of clinical manifestations, including dementia, frequently seen in non-HIV-1-infected older people. Neurological deficiencies associated with AIDS are very common and may lead to misdiagnosis in the elderly. The observed incubation period of HIV-1 infection is longer than previously estimated, increasing the risk of older individuals exposed to HIV-1 in the past to develop AIDS. Oral manifestations may present as one of the early clinical signs of AIDS. Little is known concerning AIDS in the geriatric population. It demands consideration by dental professionals treating older individuals belonging to one of the exposure categories of the disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Salivary inhibition of HIV-1 infectivity: functional properties and distribution in men, women, and children.

Human salivary gland secretions inhibit infection of human lymphocytes by the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This activity was found in saliva collected directly from the orifice of the major salivary gland ducts and the whole saliva of healthy male volunteers. In the current report, the observations on salivary secretions are expanded to a greater number of individuals, including healthy women and children, and men infected with HIV-1.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Antitubulin antibodies. II. Natural autoantibodies and induced antibodies recognize different epitopes on the tubulin molecule.

Natural and induced antitubulin antibodies were compared for their epitope recognition on alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits by immunoenzymatic assays and Western blot techniques on partially digested tubulin molecules. Our results indicated that natural autoantibodies recognized different epitopes from those recognized by induced antibodies, because: 1) all polyspecific natural autoantibodies tested so far recognized the same or very overlapping epitopes in the central part of both alpha- and beta-subunits (between positions 100 and 300 on the tubulin amino acid sequence) and that this epitope differed from the various epitopes recognized by induced antitubulin antibodies on the amino-terminal or carboxy-terminal parts of the tubulin subunits; 2) one human myeloma protein (monoclonal (m)IgA, kappa) with a monospecific antitubulin activity bound to an epitope around position 310 on both alpha- and beta-subunits and a second human mIg (mIgM, kappa) with a monospecific anti-beta activity bound to an epitope on the carboxy-terminal part of the subunit around amino acid position 350. Both epitopes differed from epitopes recognized by induced antitubulin antibodies. These results thus confirmed our previous findings indicating that natural and induced antitubulin antibodies do not share cross-reactive idiotopes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The aminoterminal domain of alpha-tubulin probed by monoclonal antibodies. Recognition of a rarely exposed epitope by the monoclonal antibody 111 B52 C2.

The production and identification of a monoclonal antibody, 111 B52 C2, raised against fragments obtained after limited proteolysis of purified tubulin is described. The recognized epitope is located on the aminoterminal domain of the alpha-tubulin subunit and differs from the antigenic sites reacting with the presently existing panel of available monoclonal antibodies. This monoclonal antibody thus constitutes a potentially useful tool to explore interactions between tubulin and other specific ligands.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Oral defense mechanisms are impaired early in HIV-1 infected patients.

We have examined the hypothesis that individuals infected with human immune deficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) experience significant, specific alterations in mechanisms protecting the oral cavity prior to the appearance of AIDS-related systemic opportunistic infections. In a study of 13 early-stage, stable anti-HIV antibody positive patients, parotid salivary function was found to be generally intact. In contrast, several indicators of submandibular gland dysfunction were detected. In particular, stimulated fluid output was decreased and salivary lysozyme levels were increased relative to controls by 50-60% for both resting (p less than 0.05) and stimulated (p less than 0.001) conditions. Also, the frequency of albumin detection in submandibular saliva samples was approximately 65% in HIV-1 infected patients vs. 0% in controls (p less than 0.05). In addition, cytologic evaluation of oral mucosa revealed a fivefold increase in the prevalence of candidal hyphae in HIV-1 infected patients compared to controls (41% vs. 8%, p less than 0.05). We conclude that normal oral defense mechanisms show signs of compromise in HIV-1 infected individuals. We suggest that (a) effects of HIV-1 infection are seen early in the oral cavity, (b) impairment of oral defense mechanisms may facilitate entry of microorganisms with an attendant increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and (c) intensive oral surveillance and prophylactic care should be part of the routine management afforded to AIDS patients soon after HIV-1 infection is recognized.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Injury to nose.

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Abscess↗