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Biomedical subjects

A Wiseman

Publications and source records attributed to A Wiseman.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Bovine nasal granuloma (atopic rhinitis) in Britain.

During three successive summer grazing periods, several young Friesian cross heifers developed an increasingly severe upper respiratory syndrome which improved soon after the animals were housed. The major clinical signs during the third summer episode were: ocular and nasal discharge; ulceration of the nasal mucosa, which was swollen, causing obstruction of the nasal passages; and the presence of large numbers of small, hard, white nodules in the nasal vestibules. From these clinical and epidemiological findings, a diagnosis of atopic rhinitis was made.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Mannosidosis in Aberdeen Angus cattle in Britain.

Mannosidosis, an inherited and lethal lysosomal storage disease of Aberdeen Angus cattle, was diagnosed on a farm in north-east Scotland. Two affected calves were examined in detail. Both were poorly grown and ataxic, though the intention tremor and aggression considered characteristic of the disease were not recorded. Histological examination revealed typical vacuolation of nerve cells, fixed macrophages and epithelial cells of the viscera. Deficiency of the enzyme alpha mannosidase was demonstrated. The epidemiology of the disorder in Scotland is considered and control methods indicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The prevalence of serum neutralizing antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in Scotland.

The prevalence of serum neutralizing antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in 1152 serum samples from adult cattle in 114 dairy and beef herds in different regions of Scotland was 12%. In the Grampian region, the number of seropositive cattle in the self-contained herds was significantly less (P less than 0.01) than in the "other" herds. Holstein cattle had been introduced into five of these "other" herds, and significantly more (P less than 0.01) of the samples from these five herds were seropositive compared with the samples from the rest of the "other" herds in the same region into which recently purchased cattle had been introduced. The introduction of Holstein cattle was also a major factor in the association between the prevalence of antibodies and herd size in the Grampian region. The prevalence of serum neutralizing antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in this survey than in those previously undertaken in the United Kingdom.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Clinical and epidemiological features of 15 incidents of severe infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.

Fifteen incidents of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) were studied in herds distributed widely throughout northern Britain. Fattening beef animals (10 outbreaks), dairy cattle (four outbreaks) and suckler beef cows (one outbreak) were affected and all bar one incident occurred in housed cattle during the winter. The first signs of illness noticed were a reduced appetite, dullness, coughing and oculonasal discharge. In 13 of the incidents they were observed in cattle purchased from a market within the previous four weeks. In every outbreak, affected animals developed a serous nasal discharge which became purulent in severe cases. In the early stages the nasal mucosa was congested but later yellow-brown diphtheritic plaques developed. In such animals halitosis was always detected. Soft coughing was frequently heard but pneumonia was rarely confirmed ante mortem. Conjunctivitis and ocular discharge were a major finding in 13 incidents and, in severely affected cases, conjunctival oedema was seen. The drooling of saliva was noticed in 14 incidents but congestion of the oral mucous membranes was the only abnormality found on examination of the oral cavity. Diarrhoea was a consistent feature in one outbreak. As a result of contracting this disease beef cattle failed to put on weight for a period of one to eight weeks and the milk yield of lactating dairy cattle decreased markedly. The morbidity rate was high, being more than 90 per cent in 10 incidents. The mortality rate varied considerably but 7 to 8 per cent of the animals died, or were culled, in three outbreaks. The clinical signs were most severe on intensive units with a high turnover of cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The pathological features of severe cases of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.

In recent outbreaks of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Britain a proportion of the animals affected developed a severe clinical disease characterised, at necropsy, by widespread damage to the respiratory tract. They had necrotising rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis with extensive pseudomembrane formation and severe pneumonia with or without interstitial emphysema. Renal infarction was seen in approximatley half of the cases. The central nervous system was not affected in any of the 25 animals with severe IBR examined in this study. Tissues from the respiratory tract of 14 animals were examined for the presence of bovine herpesvirus 1 and the virus was isolated from the nasal passages of 11 and the lungs of four. Mycoplasma bovis was frequently isolated in large numbers from both the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Substrate binding, spectral and kinetic data.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, brewer's yeast, produces a microsomal benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase when grown at high glucose concentrations of which the haemoprotein, cytochrome P-450 (RH, reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating) EC 1.14.14.1) is a component. We report here kinetic data derived from Lineweaver-Burk plots of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation. The Michaelis constant was decreased by growth of the yeast in the presence of benzo(a)pyrene showing the induction of a form of the enzyme more specific for this compound. NADPH or cumene hydroperoxide could be used as cofactors by this enzyme, although with different Km and V values for benzo(a)pyrene. A solubilised and a solubilised, immobilised enzyme preparation were capable of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation, using cumene hydroperoxide but not NADPH as the cofactor. Benzo(a)pyrene was found to produce a modified type I spectral change with yeast and rat liver microsomes. The interaction of benzo(a)pyrene with cytochrome P-450 was investigated further by means of an equilibrium gel filtration technique. There appeared to be 20 binding sites per mol ofcytochrome P-450 for benz(a)pyrene, in both yeast and rat liver microsomes.

Animals↗