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Biomedical subjects

A Winther

Publications and source records attributed to A Winther.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Working and living conditions of Danish medical assistant].

In spring 1988 almost 6,000 members of the Danish Association of Young Doctors answered a questionnaire containing 132 questions about their working and living conditions. The Danish study shows that many young doctors are worried by uncertain conditions of employment, lack of opportunities for further training, and demanding emergency duty. Traditional sex role patterns in the families afflict the women doctors who have difficulty in holding their own in the keen competition. Stress in different forms is regarded as a problem by about 25 per cent. Almost half of the respondents had wholly or partially regretted their choice of a career and one fifth had considered changing their profession. The physicians own occupational injuries are substantially (24 per cent) underreported. Swedish and Finnish studies indicate that the problems in the medical profession are similar in the Nordic countries.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

[Spirapril and nitrendipine in arterial hypertension. A comparison of therapeutic effects and tolerance].

In a double-blind, randomized parallel-group investigation, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor, spirapril, was compared with a calcium antagonist, nitrendipine, in 266 patients with mild to moderate hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 96-119 mmHg). The object was to reduce the diastolic blood pressure measured 24 hours after intake of medicine to less than or equal to 90 mmHg. After monotherapy for four weeks with either 20 mg nitrendipine once daily or 12 mg spirapril once daily, the dosages were doubled in the patients in whom the desired blood pressure had not been obtained. After treatment for eight weeks, 12.5 mg hydrochlorthiazide daily was employed as a supplement in patients who had not yet obtained satisfactory blood pressures. Both methods of treatment resulted a lower number of patients who responded and lesser decreases in blood pressure than anticipated. No differences were found in the decreases in blood pressure resulting from the two therapeutic methods. The effect of supplementary hydrochlorthiazide to spirapril treatment was as anticipated while the combination with nitrendipine only resulted in a marginally extra decrease in blood pressure. Nitrendipine resulted in significantly more side effects and more patients defected from the investigation on account of side effects in the nitrendipine group (27%) than in the spirapril group (7%). This investigation had documented the abilities of nitrendipine and spirapril to reduce blood pressure and the side effects associated with this but does not predict whether the preparations can be employed to prevent the complications of hypertension which constitute the indications for treatment. Supplementing nitrendipine therapy with hydrochlorthiazide is not recommended.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1989

A simple method for the study of scale pattern and effects of a moisturizer--qualitative and quantitative evaluation by D-Squame tape compared with parameters of epidermal hydration.

A new tape (D-Squame tape) made for scale pattern assessments was used to study epidermal effects of an oil-in-water emulsion applied at random to forearm skin of 16 volunteers. The contralateral forearm served as an untreated control. The emulsion was applied twice daily for 7 days. Tapes were assessed visually in a medical viewer, and a special system for measurement of optical transmission of the tapes was established. Visual evaluation showed (Day 7) an altered pattern in nine volunteers with an absence of flakes on the treated side, which was not seen on the control side. The optical transmission of the tapes from the 16 volunteers was significantly increased in samples from the test side (P less than 0.001). One week after cessation of treatment the transmission was still increased (P less than 0.02), and one volunteer presented an altered scale pattern according to visual grading. Measurements of electrical conductance and capacitance, both parameters of epidermal hydration, gave similar results, i.e., increased values on Day 7 and increased conductance 1 week later. Thus, the epidermal effects of the emulsion were protracted. Evaluation of the tape method showed this to be reproducible and valid. The method is easy to use and suited for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of variations in the scale pattern of human skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of single application of a moisturizer: evaporation of emulsion water, skin surface temperature, electrical conductance, electrical capacitance, and skin surface (emulsion) lipids.

Effects of single application of an oil in water emulsion were studied on the forearm skin of 12 healthy volunteers. Five different non-invasive methods were used. Values were followed for 360 min after application of the emulsion, with the contralateral forearm as untreated control. The evaporation of emulsion water from the skin surface immediately rose to high values, but within 15 min returned to the original level. A parallel initial increase in conductance was observed; however, this was followed by a slightly increased level throughout the 360 min study. Electrical capacitance was also slightly increased throughout the study. Skin surface lipids, dominated by emulsion lipids, were increased, with high values for at least 120 min, followed by a gradual decline toward normal. Single application of emulsion is characterized by an initial evaporation phase, with evaporation of emulsion water, which lasts less than 15 min, followed by a lipidization phase, which lasts at least 360 min, dominated by the oil-constituent of the emulsion undergoing epidermal absorption. During the lipidization phase, epidermal hydration parameters are slightly but consistently improved.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Effects of repeated application of a moisturizer.

Epidermal hydration following repeated application of an oil in water emulsion was studied on the forearm skin of 16 healthy females by non-invasive methods. The lotion was applied twice daily for 7 days, and values were followed 7 days after cessation of treatment. The opposite forearm served as an untreated control. Electrical conductance and capacitance showed similar results, i.e. increased values (p less than 0.001) after 2 days of application, reaching a plateau during further applications. Two days after cessation, values were still increased (p less than 0.001), and the conductance was also increased 7 days after cessation of treatment. The water evaporation and the cutaneous blood flow did not change, i.e. indicating no mild irritant effect. Skin surface lipids did not change, i.e. indicating that no significant amounts of emulsion oil remained on the skin at the time of recording. Probably components of the oil phase of the emulsion are absorbed into the epidermis, which is associated with improved hydration as a later event.

Adult↗