Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to A Wilson.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Kinetics and viral protein specificity of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in healthy adults immunized with live attenuated varicella vaccine.

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response was evaluated in adults given live attenuated varicella vaccine, using target cells expressing varicella-zoster virus (VZV) immediate-early protein (IE62) or VZV glycoproteins gpI, gpIV, or gpV to determine viral protein specificity. The frequency of CTL that recognized IE62 was 1:171,000 +/- 46,000 SE in subjects tested 10 days to 8 weeks after the initial vaccine dose; the induction of CTL specific for gpI was equivalent. CTL recognition of VZV proteins was mediated by CD4+ or CD8+ cells. CTL recognition of IE62 and gpIV persisted in vaccinees (tested approximately 4 years later) and was comparable to that in the naturally immune. The mean frequency of CTL specific for gpV was lower (but not significantly) in vaccinees than in naturally immune subjects. Assay of responder cell frequencies showed persistence of equivalent numbers of T lymphocytes that recognized IE62 and gpI in vaccinees and naturally immune subjects. Immunization with this vaccine elicited memory T lymphocyte responses to VZV comparable to those induced by natural infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1992

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of an occluded distal splenorenal shunt.

A distal splenorenal (Warren) shunt was performed on a 39-year-old female with bleeding esophageal varices secondary to portal hypertension and cirrhosis. On the twelfth postoperative day, however, she rebled, and angiography revealed that the shunt was occluded. Using a percutaneous approach, successful balloon angioplasty and recanalization was performed. The patient did well and was discharged without further bleeding. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) appears to be effective in dilating occluded splenorenal shunts, obviating a second surgical procedure in high-risk patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of immature (CD4-CD8-) thymic subsets in T-cell receptor alpha beta transgenic mice.

Introduction of a transgenic alpha beta TCR (V alpha 2, V beta 8.1) specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), in the context of H-2Db into the genome of C57BL/6 mice, has many effects on the development and selection of T cells in both the thymus and the periphery. These mice produce increased numbers of CD4-8+ mature T cells, all of which express the transgenic TCR, and small numbers of CD4+8- cells using endogenous TCRs are also produced. This study follows the intrathymic development of T cells in these TCR alpha beta transgenic mice, in particular the earliest CD4-8- stages. As expected, the transgenic TCR is expressed on the cell surface at an earlier developmental stage than endogenous TCRs in nontransgenic littermate controls. Of the three major subsets expressing the heat-stable antigen (HSA), only the most mature, the CD25-CD44- expresses the transgenic TCR, and the earlier CD25-CD44+ and CD25+CD44- do not. Furthermore, in contrast to other TCR alpha beta transgenic lines, TCR gamma delta lineage cells appear to develop normally.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Are hemostatic factors responsible for the paradoxical risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke?

BACKGROUND: The paradoxical occurrence of a high risk of stroke in some populations at low risk for coronary heart disease has long been known. Recently, evidence has appeared linking the paradoxical risk to population-based differences in diet, serum cholesterol, and alcohol intake. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of action that would explain this paradox is unlikely to be atherosclerosis alone. SUMMARY OF COMMENT: Several recent cross-sectional and prospective population studies have shown that hemostatic factors vary between populations in a manner consistent with the paradox. Studies have also shown that certain hemostatic factors are independent predictors of risk of coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and, probably, hemorrhagic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors that enhance thrombosis and reduce fibrinolysis are capable of explaining the paradoxical occurrence of the incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke in certain populations.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1992

An investigation into some implications of a Vygotskian perspective on the origins of mind: psychoanalysis and Vygotskian psychology, Part I.

The Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky proposed an analysis of language, thought, and internalization that has direct relevance to the current concerns of psychoanalysts. Striking methodological and conceptual similarities and useful complementarities with psychoanalysis are discovered when one peers beneath the surface of Vygotskian psychology. Our adaptation of Vygostsky's views expands upon Freud's assigned role to language in the topographic model. We suggest that the analysand's speech offers several windows into the history of the individual, through prosody, tropes, word meaning, and word sense. We particularly emphasize Vygotsky's views on the genesis and utilization of word meanings. The acquisition of word meanings will contain key elements of the internal climate present when the word meaning was forged. Bearing this in mind, crucial theoretical questions follow, such as how psychoanalysis is to understand the unconscious fantasies, identifications, anxieties, and defenses associated with the psychodynamics of language acquisition and later language usage. We propose that the clinical situation is an ideal place to test these hypotheses.

Freudian Theory↗
PubMed1992

Language and the psychoanalytic process: psychoanalysis and Vygotskian psychology. II.

This paper follows our previous one, where we described a psychoanalytic conception of language, thought, and internalization that is informed by the thinking of Lev Vygotsky. Here, several aspects of the analytic process which allow for the understanding of ineffable experiences in the analysand's history and the analytic situation are investigated: specifically, primal repression, metaphor, and the role of speech in free association. It is suggested that Freud's notion of primal repression be revived and redefined as one aspect of the descriptive unconscious. Some implications of primal repression for transference and resistance are explored. The metaphoric in its broad sense is examined as one example of how early dynamic experiences embedded in the process of language acquisition can be reached within the clinical situation. It is proposed that an understanding of free association is enhanced by awareness of distinctions between inner, egocentric, and social speech. The basic rule can be interpreted as an invitation for the analysand to use inner speech in collaboration with the analyst as best he or she can. Further, the aliveness and degree of superficiality of the analysis can be seen as a function of the analyst's ability to appreciate the properties of inner speech and foster the conditions in the analysis that allow for its unfolding.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Helicopters.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1992

Eye tests in the elderly: factors associated with attendance and diagnostic yield in non-attenders.

Patients aged 60-75 years registered with one inner city general practice were sent a questionnaire asking when they last received an eye check by an optometrist. Of the 193 (77%) who responded, 110 (59%) had attended in the last 2 years, and 138 (74%) in the last 3 years. Males and those with mobility problems were less likely to have had their eyes checked. Seventy-seven previous non-attenders were offered an appointment with an optometrist and this was accepted by 34 (44%). These individuals showed a high level of ophthalmic morbidity. Discussion of optometric checks should be included in general practice health checks and the elderly surveillance programme.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Differential effects of ethanol on electrical properties of various potassium channels expressed in oocytes.

The effects of ethanol on a number of electrophysiological parameters were examined in 10 different voltage-gated potassium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. None of the channels examined was highly sensitive to ethanol, but there was significant variability among the channels tested at concentrations of ethanol of 200 mM and greater. The response to ethanol was not determined exclusively by membership in a genetic subfamily. In addition, the relative sensitivity among different channels could vary independently for different electrical parameters. For example, current amplitude in DRK1 was insensitive to ethanol, even at concentrations as high as 600 mM, whereas this was one of the more sensitive channels with respect to the kinetics of current inactivation. The opposite situation was true for ShA1. Therefore, ethanol at high concentrations may selectively perturb discrete regions of channel proteins. This is supported by the finding that removal of 318 amino acids from the cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus of DRK1 results in a channel whose current amplitude shows greater sensitivity to ethanol than does DRK1. Thus, the effects of ethanol on the channel may not be limited to interactions at the lipid-protein interface.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Clinical experience with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the aortobifemoral position.

Between 1981 and 1990, 18 patients (mean age 66.0 years) had aortobifemoral bypass with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bifurcated grafts. Twelve patients (66.7%) were treated for aortoiliac occlusive disease, 5 patients (27.8%) for abdominal aortic aneurysms and one patient (5.6%) had surgery for hypoplastic aortic syndrome. The authors' overall complication rate was 16.7 per cent and included formation of an anastomotic pseudoaneurysm (1/18, 5.6%), graft infection (1/18, 5.6%), and graft thrombosis (1/18, 5.6%). Sixteen patients were followed for a mean period of 41.4 months. In this subgroup of patients the patency rate was 93.8 per cent. The authors conclude that the PTFE bifurcated graft is a suitable conduit for use in aortobifemoral bypass surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The validity of parental report of vaccination as a measure of a child's measles immunisation status.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of parental report of vaccination as a measure of a child's measles immunisation status. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Four 24-hour medical centres in western Sydney. PATIENTS: Parents of children aged 12-36 months were approached in the clinic waiting room. Of the 160 parents approached, 137 agreed to be interviewed and a successful venepuncture to yield a 2 mL blood sample was achieved with 128 children. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measles IgG antibody, determined by means of an indirect ELISA, was compared with parental report of measles vaccination status by McNemar's chi 2 test. RESULTS: Parental report significantly over-estimates the immunisation status of children. Eighty-four per cent of the parents in the sample stated that their child had been vaccinated, but only 74% were immune (95% confidence interval, 65%-81%). A positive predictive value of 84% meant that only 84% of children who were reported to have been vaccinated were immune to measles. Further, of all those who were not immune to measles, only one half would have been identified by asking the parents. Failed seroconversion may have accounted for up to 70% of cases of non-immunity in children reported to have been vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS: Parental report is limited as a measure of a child's measles immunisation status.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Estimating an individual's true cholesterol level and response to intervention.

An individual's blood cholesterol measurement may differ from the true level because of short-term biological and technical measurement variability. Using data on the within-individual and population variance of serum cholesterol, we addressed the following clinical concerns: Given a cholesterol measurement, what is the individual's likely true level? The confidence interval for the true level is wide and asymmetrical around extreme measurements because of regression to the mean. Of particular concern is the misclassification of people with a screening measurement below 5.2 mmol/L who may be advised that their cholesterol level is "desirable" when their true level warrants further action To what extent does blood cholesterol change in response to an intervention? In general, confidence intervals are too wide to allow decision making and patient feedback about an individual's cholesterol response to a dietary intervention, even with multiple measurements. If no change is observed in an individual's cholesterol value based on three measurements before and three after dietary intervention, the 80% confidence interval ranges from a true increase of 4% to a true decrease of 9%.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Altered G-protein expression and adenylate cyclase activity in platelets of non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) male subjects.

Adenylate cyclase activity and levels of guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins (G-proteins) were compared in platelets from normal and non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) male subjects. Whilst no differences were noted in basal and NaF-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities the degree of stimulation achieved by both forskolin and prostaglandin, E1 was lower by some 34 and 52% respectively, in platelet membranes from diabetic subjects compared with those from normal control subjects. Altered alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of prostaglandin E1-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was evident; it being some 34% lower in platelet membranes from diabetic subjects compared to controls. Analysis of G-protein alpha-subunits, using specific anti-peptide antisera, showed that platelets from all subjects exhibited the Gi-2 and Gi-3, but not the Gi-1 forms of the inhibitory G-protein 'Gi' and all expressed the 42 kDa species of alpha-subunit of the stimulatory G-protein Gs. Whilst platelets of diabetic subjects had levels of Gs which were comparable to those found in control subjects their levels of Gi-2 and Gi-3 were some 49 and 75%, respectively, of those found in platelets from control subjects. It is suggested that changes in adenylate cyclase functioning and G-protein expression may contribute to altered platelet functioning in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1991

Dopamine transporter: deglycosylation with exo- and endoglycosidases.

The dopamine transporter from rat caudate-putamen was photolabeled with [125I]DEEP as previously described. Treatment of photolabeled membranes with neuraminidase and N-glycanase reduced the molecular weight of the [125I]DEEP photolabeled dopamine transporter complex, whereas treatment with alpha-mannosidase had no effect. The solubilized [125I]DEEP photolabeled dopamine transporter complex readily bound to wheat-germ agglutinin but not to concanavalin-A sepharose columns. These results suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of the dopamine transporter is N-linked and contains significant quantities of sialic acid but not high mannose residues. A DEEP binding protein was readily detectable in other brain regions including the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, but not in the prefrontal cortex, olfactory bulb or hypothalamus under similar conditions. The DEEP binding protein in the other brain regions was similar to that in the striatum.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Studies on the efficacy of deltamethrin applied to cattle for the control of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in southern Africa.

The tsetse fly (Glossina spp.) inhabits 11 million km2 of Africa (Greekmore, 1989) where it is responsible for the transmission of trypanosomosis to man and animals. Because of its slow rate of reproduction, with females producing only four to five pupae per annum, control of the tsetse fly is the best means of controlling trypanosomosis. A number of different methods have been and are used but, whilst successes have been achieved, a long term solution has not been found.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

Recurrent buccal space abscesses: a complication of Crohn's disease.

A patient is described with generalized gastrointestinal involvement by Crohn's disease. Symptoms of recurrent ulceration and mucosal tags are well-described oral manifestations of Crohn's disease; however, in our patient recurrent facial abscesses, which required extraoral drainage, also developed. This complication has not previously been reported.

Abscess↗