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Biomedical subjects

A Williams

Publications and source records attributed to A Williams.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Cultural sensitivity and day care workers. Examination of a worksite based cardiovascular disease prevention project.

Reaching workers in small worksites presents economic and access barriers for occupational health nurses. Some barriers can be overcome through strategies based on cultural sensitivity. Day care centers employ young, low income, mostly minority women in settings with few workers onsite at any one center. These settings were used to develop a culturally sensitive approach tested through onsite cardiovascular screening, informal interviews, and discussion of behavior change for better health. The study examined both the impact of the Healthier People Health Risk Appraisal (HPHRA) as a culturally appropriate recruitment strategy to involve a group of child day care workers in a cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening and risk reduction program and the effect of that program on observable CVD measures. Faculty and students from an institution of higher education forged a trust relationship with day care providers at nine day care centers in a large metropolitan area. Cardiovascular health was the impetus for the project because minority populations in the southeastern United States have high heart attack and stroke mortality and morbidity rates. Participation rates in the project increased from 26% of the day care workers in the first year of the project to 73% when long term relationships were built on culturally appropriate strategies. The project's culturally sensitive educational intervention focused on individual risks and lifestyle. Statistical analysis of outcomes of the intervention and personal interviews demonstrated the improvement of cardiovascular status in the day care workers. This psychosocial approach can provide the foundation for culturally sensitive care in larger occupational and community settings.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The natural history and associations of sleep disordered breathing in first ever stroke.

Although the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in patients following stroke has been found to be high, there are few data about whether these changes persist in the months that follow stroke. The present study aims to confirm the prevalence of SDB following first ever stroke, to investigate an association between SDB and subtype of stroke and to determine the change in SDB three months following a first ever stroke.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Inoculation of Sarcocystis neurona merozoites into the central nervous system of horses.

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a neurologic syndrome in horses from the Americas and is usually caused by infection with the apicomplexan parasite, Sarcocystis neurona. A horse model of EPM is needed to test the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents and potential vaccines. Five horses that were negative for antibodies to S. neurona in their serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were injected in the subarachnoid space with living merozoites of the SN2 isolate of S. neurona. None of the horses developed clinical disease or died over a 132-day observation period. All five horses developed antibodies to S. neurona in their CSF and serum 3-4 weeks after injection. Two of the horses were examined at necropsy and no parasite induced lesions were observed in their tissues and no parasites were recovered from portions of their spinal cords inoculated on to cell cultures. Results of this study demonstrate that merozoites of the SN2 isolate of S. neurona will induce seroconversion but not clinical disease when inoculated directly into the CSF of nonimmune horses.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Immunocytochemical analysis of the tumour suppressor protein (p53) in feline neoplasia.

Detectable p53 immunostaining in neoplasia generally correlates with the presence of a mutation in the coding region of the p53 gene and may provide insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying tumourigenesis. p53 immunoreactivity was examined in 77 feline tumours, selected as a representative sample of 486 specimens submitted for diagnosis and analyzed to estimate the relative frequencies of feline neoplasias. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated nuclear immunopositivity in 46% of the squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 50% of the osteosarcomas, 33% of the mammary carcinomas, 16% of the adenocarcinomas and 14% of the haemangiosarcomas. In contrast, none of the malignant lymphomas or fibrosarcomas examined showed p53 immunoreactivity. These data support a role for p53 aberrations in the pathogenesis of certain feline tumours.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Reactions within association complexes: the reaction of imidazole with substituted phenyl acetates in the presence of detergents in aqueous solution

The bimolecular rate constants for reaction of imidazole with phenyl acetates complexed with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles obey Bronsted equations with beta 1g similar to that of the reaction in aqueous solution. The dissociation constants of ester (Ks) and the hypothetical dissociation constant (KTS) of the transition state of the micelle complexes obey Hansch equations with similar sensitivities (p) to pi (-0.66 and -0.589 for KS and -0.735 and -0.495 for KTS, respectively). The slopes also indicate that the microsolvation environments associated with the transition state and the complexed ester have aqueous character. The relative values of KTS and KS indicate that the transition state of the reaction of imidazole with ester is more weakly complexed to both micelles than is the reactant ester. Log KTS values are linear functions of log KS for reactions with both CTAB and SDS; the slopes are, respectively, -0.893 and -1.19 consistent with a slightly more "water-like" medium for the transition state than for the site of binding of ester with CTAB-micelle and slightly less for the SDS-micelle. The results for ester and transition state are consistent with the location of the phenyl residue in a hydrophobic region that possesses water molecules. It is concluded that the acetyl group in the complexed transition state is located in an aqueous part of the Stern region, whereas the phenyl residue is in a part of the Stern region that possesses alkane components. The derived kinetic and complexation parameters in these experiments refer to micelles with Stern regions that have been maintained at constant ionic compositions.

Journal Article↗