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Biomedical subjects

A Williams

Publications and source records attributed to A Williams.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Hormone secretion and glucose metabolism in islets of Langerhans of the isolated perfused pancreas from normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats.

The glucose responsiveness of alpha- and beta-cells of normal as well as untreated and insulin-treated streptozotocin diabetic rats was tested in the extracorporeal perfusion system. Also assessed was the possible in vitro effect of added insulin on the glucose sensitivity of islets from untreated diabetic animals. Insulin and glucose responsiveness of the two cell types. The rate of glucose entry islet tissue was estimated, and the effect of glucose on the tissue supply of ATP and lactate and the cyclic 3':5'-AMP level of islets was measured under the above in vitro conditions. It was demonstrated that beta-cells are more accessible to glucose than alpha-cells, that glucose entry into islet cells is not significantly modified by insulin and that glucose had no effect on ATP, lactate and cyclic 3':5'-AMP levels of islet tissue under any of the conditions investigated. High insulin in vitro elevated ATP levels of alpha-cell islets independent of extracellular glucose. Glucose caused insulin release from normal but not from diabetic islets and rapidly and efficiently suppressed stimulated glucagon secretion of the pancreas from normal and insulin treated diabetic rats. Glucose was less effective in inhibiting stimulated glucagon secretion by the pancreas from untreated diabetic rats whether insulin was added to the perfusion media or not. Therefore, profound differences of glucose responsiveness of alpha-cells fail to manifest themselves in alterations of basic parameters of glucose and energy metabolism in contrast to what had been postulated in the literature. It is however, apparent that the glucose responsiveness of alpha-cells is modified by insuling by an as yet undefined mechanism.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1976

17. Description versus valuation in long-term care data.

This article discusses problems in using basic data sets as a source of material when analyzing the cost effectiveness and cost benefit of long-term health care. It is argued that data relevant to patient functioning, coping resources, environmental stress, and service inputs should be purged, insofar as practicable, of all valuation elements. Valuation must be addressed at the policy level and depends upon who makes the decision, at what time, and in what context. The role of the basic data set is to provide a ready point of entry for such valuations.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1976

Molecular size of IgG in patients with focal glomerulosclerosis.

Nineteen patients with focal glomerulosclerosis and with anomalously high clearance of IgG into the urine have been investigated by G.200 column chromatography. The findings are compared with normal sera, with 14 patients with minimal change disease and with 12 patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis. No significant reduction in the molecular size of IgG was found as compared with normal sera and the other diseases in 18 of the patients. In patients with minimal change disease and focal glomerulosclerosis an increased proportion of the IgG eluted in the void volume

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Osteomalacia presenting as chorea.

A 16-year-old epileptic developed chorea. He had osteomalacia, hypocalcaemia, and hyperphosphataemia, which were due not to hypoparathyroidism but to vitamin D deficiency--itself secondary to longstanding dietary deficiency and anticonvulsant drug administration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Dextran 70 in prophylaxis of thromboembolic disease after surgery: a clinically oriented randomized double-blind trial.

A randomized double-blind trial of prophylaxis of thromboembolism in surgical patients judged by clinical morbidity has been completed. Altogether 831 patients over 40 years of age who underwent elective surgery of the stomach, biliary system, or colon received either dextran 70 or normal saline before the operation. Thirteen of the 435 patients on saline and three of the 396 on dextran developed pulmonary embolism. Eight of these 16 patients died of pulmonary embolism--seven in the saline group and one in the dextran group. As detected either clinically or by 125I-fibrinogen scanning the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was similar in the two groups. There was no increased incidence of excessive bleeding in patients on dextran though clinical impression suggested that some patients on dextran bled excessively. This trial showed that dextran 70 administered by intravenous drip during operation is effective in preventing pulmonary embolism and, in particular, reducing mortality from this cause. It seems to be as effective as subcutaneous heparin but is easier to administer and places less of a burden on nursing services.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1975

Contamination of fluids from a hospital pharmacy.

An investigation into the cause of bacterial contamination of bottles of noninjectable water has been reported. A method of monitoring such bottles has also been described. The roles played by autoclave spray-cooling water and inadequate bottle seals in the contamination of fluids have been examined. Possible methods of reducing the risk of contamination are discussed and the design of an improved method of closure of sterile bottled fluids is stressed. Bacteriological examination is shown to be a more accurate index of the true rate of contamination than measurement of dye concentrations of bottle contents.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1975

A pulmonary hypertension-producing plant from Tanzania.

An African youth who had died from primary pulmonary hypertension was suspected of having ingested a herbal remedy containing the seeds of the local plant Crotalaria laburnoides. Consequently powdered seeds of this plant were fed to 20 Wistar albino rats for 60 dyas to see if this would induce ventricular hypertrophy and associated hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease. At the end of the experimental period right ventricular hypertrophy, medial hypertrophy of the pulmonary trunk and 'muscular pulmonary arteries', and muscularization of the pulmonary arterioles had developed in a proportion of the test animals. These are the morbid anatomical features pathognomonic of a raised pulmonary arterial pressure and show that the seeds of Crotalaria laburnoides contain an agent capable of inducing pulmonary hypertension in rats. This study suggests the value of seeking a history of ingestion of herbal remedies and drugs in cases of unexplained pulmonary hypertension in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Swab performance.

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Bandages↗