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Biomedical subjects

A Williams

Publications and source records attributed to A Williams.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Combined chemotherapy--radiotherapy on spleen hypertrophy after C. parvum: combined treatment with 5-FU cyclophosphamide and radiation.

C. parvum (CP) acts as a powerful stimulant for cell proliferation in the normal spleen. CP, in combination with radiation or cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, interfered with their effect to a lesser or greater degree depending upon the sequence in which CP and the cytotoxic therapy was applied. In these experiments, cyclophosphamide (CY), 5-FU and radiation were studied singly or in combination during the resting or after CP-stimulation, and the effects of the different combinations of chemotherapy and radiotherapy determined. Interestingly, CY acted both as a stimulant and suppressant for the spleen growth response when combined with CP. This may contribute to the reported effectiveness of the combination used for therapy in certain antigenic tumour systems. Radiation had a strongly suppressive effect on spleen response to CP in any sequence studied.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1981

Twin study of Parkinson disease.

Zero concordance for Parkinson disease was found in the first 12 monozygotic twin pairs examined in an ongoing twin study. One co-twin (subject without Parkinson disease) had essential tremor, another had cerebral vascular disease, and a third was an alcoholic. Cigarette smoking appeared to be less frequent in the probands than in the co-twins (11.9 versus 16.1 pack-years). There was also evidence of premorbid personality differences between probands and co-twins dating back to late adolescence or early adult years. These preliminary findings suggest that genetic factors do not play a major role in the etiology of Parkinson disease and point to a prodromal onset of the disease as early as late adolescence or early adult life.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Polyalveolar lobe: anatomic and physiologic parameters and their relationship to congenital lobar emphysema.

Polyalveolar lobe is one of the recently described pathological entities that can give rise to congenital lobar emphysema (CLE). In polyalveolar lobe, the total alveolar number as determined by microscopic point-counting of randomly taken lung sections is increased three to fivefold. The airways and arteries are normal for age in number, size and structure. Follow-up over 10-20 yr of patients operated upon for congenital lobar emphysema, including those of polyalveolar lobe etiology shows that these patients do well clinically. All patients have some pulmonary function abnormalities, specifically a decrease in airway conductance, and forced expiratory volume. It is not possible to distinguish patients with polyalveolar lobes from other CLE patients on the basis of pulmonary function data. All patients had normal lung volumes and vital capacities, despite losing 8%-20% of their pulmonary parenchyma. Based on compensatory lung growth, it may be preferable to operate earlier, rather than later in these cases.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1980

Experience with the CAM vision stimulator: preliminary report.

Eighty-four children with at least 2 lines of amblyopia were treated with the CAM vision stimulator. 91% of the children who had received no previous amblyopia therapy showed improvement, 73% achieving 6/12 vision or better. Of children in whom previous occlusion therapy had failed 73.8% improved. The treatment appears to be effective, rapid, and well tolerated. Our initial impressions have been sufficiently favourable to stimulate further clinical evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Multiple sclerosis in twins.

We studied 30 sets of twins in whom one or both was suspected of having multiple sclerosis (MS). In 24 pairs, a firm clinical diagnosis was made on each twin. Among these 24 pairs, 6 of 12 monozygotic twins were concordant for clinical MS, compared with 2 of 12 dizygotic twins. Of those over the age of 50, two of three monozygotic pairs were concordant, but neither of the two dizygotic twin pairs were concordant. Because ascertainment was primarily through public announcement, this series may be biased in favor of twins concordant for MS. The individuals within monozygotic concordant twin pairs exhibited wide differences in severity and age at onset of disease; the more recently affected twin tended to have a lower cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG and a higher IgM level. Although the frequency of HLA-B7 and Dw2 in this twin population was high, the HLA makeup did not differ appreciably between concordant and discordant MS twins. Furthermore, the two DZ-concordant twins were HLA-nonidentical. Unexplained neurologic signs were found in three asymptomatic twins, and a high proportion of clinically normal twins had abnormalities of CSF immunoglobulins. These latter findings suggest a high incidence of subclinical MS in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Aging and CSF hydroxylase cofactor.

The level of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydroxylase cofactor activity was measured in 34 neurologically normal patients and analyzed according to age. Levels declined by approximately one-third over a 40-year span, probably reflecting loss of aminergic neurons. Fourteen patients with Parkinson disease all tended to have lower values than age-matched controls. Among Parkinson patients with the same order of disability, younger cases had higher CSF concentratons of hydroxylase cofactor than older patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Demonstration of CSF gamma-globulin banding in presenile dementia.

An improved agarose gel electrophoretic technique was used to fractionate serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins in patients with presenile dementia. The CSF electrophoretic patterns demonstrated three abnormal bands in the gamma-globulin region in five out of eight of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Clinical cerebral blood flow measurement with inhaled xenon and CT.

Cerebral blood flow measurement has not yet been attempted with xenon and CT in patients. Xenon washout was studied in three patients receiving subanesthetic concentrations of xenon. Cerebral enhancement after 30%--50% inhaled xenon was demonstrated without serious side effects. Clinical cerebral blood flow measurements with xenon and CT may be feasible.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗