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Biomedical subjects

A Wilke

Publications and source records attributed to A Wilke.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Effect and side effects of a depot theophylline preparation within the scope of a clinical trial].

Effects and side effects of the Aminophylline-retard-preparation V 37 are studied during a four week period of monotherapy on 50 patients suffering from obstructive lung disease. Treating with a standard dosis (2 X 700 mg daily) the concentrations of Theophylline in serum were in the therapeutical range in 50% of patients. A dosis correction was not proposed. Therefore 9 patients have to be excluded from the trial (5 unsufficient effects, 4 unreasonable side effects). Two further patients must be excluded because of an acute exacerbation of their disease. An optimization of therapy is possible by a stepwise increase of the dosis and by an adaptation of the dosis considering the body weight, the effects (estimating the FEV1) and the side effects. Clinical aspects are more relevant for dosis correction than the estimation of the Theophylline concentration in serum. Its measurement should be performed in special cases.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1985

[Indications for diagnostic thoracoscopy, based on biopsy results of 400 studies].

It is reported on the results of 401 thoracoscopies. The main indication for thoracoscopic examination was the differential diagnosis of pleural effusions (262 cases = 65.3%). A morphological confirmation was achieved in 88.0% of all malignant and in 43.0% of tuberculous pleural and lung diseases. A histopathological diagnosis was also found in 94.3% of diffuse lung diseases. For diagnosis of non-specific pleurisy it is necessary to exclude all other etiologic factors. Lympho-plasmacellular infiltrates were found in all cases of non-specific pleurisies. Thoracoscopic biopsy is also of great importance for accurate diagnosis of rheumatic pleuro-pulmonary manifestations. All other clinical methods are uncertain for rheumatic diseases affecting the pleura and lung. In cases of spontaneous pneumothorax it is possible to get valuable additional informations by thoracoscopic investigation. Indications of thoracoscopy are represented as a result of the review of literature and of the present material. Variations of thoracoscopy are discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of glutamic acid content in the diet on the catabolic rate of the isotope-labeled glutamic acid in rats. 4. Measurement of 14C-glutamic acid oxidation to 14CO2 with various energy sources in the diet].

48 male rats (body weight 80-100 g) were fed with 2 diets different in the glutamic acid content (diet I 2.42 and diet II 6.24% glutamic acid in the dry matter). The mixture of the other synthetic L-amino acids was adapted to the egg protein pattern corresponding 10% crude protein in the diet. Each diet was fed either on 73% or 98 to 104% of the energy maintenance requirement. After 7 days of experimental feeding 14C-U-L-glutamic acid was given to each group by intragastric infusion (i.g.), intraperitoneal (i.p.) or subcutaneous injection (s.c.), respectively, followed by a measurement of the CO2-and 14CO2-excretion during two subsequent periods of 3 hours. The CO2-excretion was lower in animals with restricted energy intake especially during the first 3 hour-period, which was started 2 hours after feed intake. The relative 14CO2-excretion (percent of the dose) was neither significantly influenced by the level of energy intake nor by the amount of dietary glutamic acid. The highest degradation rates of 14C-glutamic acid to 14CO2 were measured after i.g. application (more than 50%), followed by the i.p. injection (nearly 50%) and the lowest values were observed after s.c. injection (about 40%). These differences were only evident during the first CO2-absorption period. Furthermore the s.c. injection caused a lower specific radioactivity of CO2 compared with the data after i.g. and i.p. application. The results suggest the high metabolic activity of the intestinal tissue for glutamic acid.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1985

[Histiocytosis X--results of a long-term clinical study].

Reported is a clinical follow-up study in 15 patients with Histiocytosis X. The time of observation varied between 2 and 17 years. In centre of analysis are results of lung function tests and radiological findings. The analysis allows the following conclusions: Classification of patients in early stage and late stage has great prognostic importance. Long-term prednisone therapy in the early stage prevents progression of disease in most cases. In spite of consequent therapy in single cases recurrences and transition in late stage have been observed. Prognosis in patients in late stage is worse than in patients in early stage. In these cases the long-term prednisone therapy is not able to prevent progression of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Neuronal organization of the CGLd of Cavia porcellus. A morphometric study of Nissl preparations with reference to identified neuron types].

A morphometric study has been made of the alpha-sector (Giolli and Creel 1973) of the guinea pig's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) in Nissl preparations. Golgi-deimpregnation methods (FAIREN et al. 1977, Braak and Braak 1982) made it possible to identify the neuron types as geniculo-cortical relay neurons (GCR-neurons) and interneurons (I-neurons). Thus, density and somal sizes of GCR- and I-neurons and their topographical distribution patterns were determined. The density of the GCR-neurons (3 per measuring volume) is lower than in the albino rat (Wistar strain) (7 per measuring volume). The somal size varies over a wide range and is higher on average (16 hits) than for the albino rat (12 hits). As reported by Brauer and Remmler (person, comm.), the dendrites of GCR-neurons are relatively smooth. Their distal portions show only a small number of spine-like protrusions. Distinct grape-like appendages are visible in the branching zone. In one case an axon initial segment with three varicosities was observed. The number of I-neurons is considerably higher (36%) than in the albino rat (8%). The somata of I-neurons are of different size. More than 52% of the GCR-neurons are of the same size as the I-neurons. According to Brauer and Remmler (person. comm.), the two very long main dendrites were found to be little branched. The alpha-sector is apparently cytoarchitectonically homogeneous. Only after the use of statistical methods is it possible to distinguish between lateral, medial and caudal regions as in the albino rat (Werner et al. 1975), laboratory mouse (Werner et al. 1984a), and cotton rat (Werner et al., 1984b). These differ with regard to the density and somal size of the GCR-neurons and the density of the I-neurons. The densities of the GCR- and I-neurons are highest in the lateral region. In contrast with the albino rat, laboratory mouse, and cotton rat neurons of the guinea pig differ from those of the Wistar rat. The results suggest that the guinea pig's visual specialization differs at least from that of the albino rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Can oscillatory estimation of airway resistance in chronic obstructive patients be improved by the use of double reference resistance?].

Tests were carried out on the usefulness of doubling the reference resistor during airways resistance measurement by forced oscillation method (set frequency technique). Measurements on 110 random subjects using the standard reference tube (Zo = 10 hPa/1/s) for comparison showed almost identical Ros values using the experimental tube, while the latter gave higher Ros values as obstruction increased. Comparisons with the bodyplethysmographic Rt on 65 patients with a chronic obstructive airways disease yielded a closer approximation to the identity curve from 7.0 hPa/1/s using this modified technique. The practical conclusion is to recommend the use of the double reference resistor for the basic clinical diagnosis of obstructive airways disease, both in quantifying advanced grade obstructions and in assessing the damaged respiratory mechanism in chronically ill patients with pronounced ventilatory resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Hemodynamics of microcirculation during thoracoscopy under anesthesia].

Under the conditions of the thoracoscopy under anaesthesia the behaviour of the haemodynamic measuring values is investigated in 10 patients of either sex. The time of intubation and the phase of the open thorax represent the most remarkable periods of examination which are parallel to the alterations of the arterial oxygen partial pressure and the pressure parameters of the circulations within the lesser an the systemic circulatory system. The investigation results obtained from the behaviour of the oxygen partial pressure will prove to be decisive, whether treatment with thorax opening under simultaneously carried out analytic blood-gas measurements should be recommendable.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of glutamic acid content of the diet on isotope-labeled glutamic acid catabolism in rats. 1. The course of 14CO excretion following intragastric administration of 14C-glutamic acid].

Male rats received in 8 groups of 10 animals each for a period of 7 days 7 synthetic diets and one semisynthetic diet on maintenance requirement level. A L-amino acid mixture corresponding to the pattern of egg protein without glutamic acid was the protein source of the synthetic diets. Glutamic acid was supplemented successively from 0 to 58 mol-% of the total amino acid content. The crude protein source of diet 8 was whole egg powder. On the 8th day of experiment 5 animals per group were labelled by intragastric infusion (i.g.) with 14C-U-glutamic acid. During the following 24 hours the excretion of CO2 and 14CO2 was measured. Throughout the experimental feeding body weight was relative constant, however, when the synthetic diets were fed it was necessary to increase the daily amount of energy from 460 to 480 kJ/kg0,67. The relative 14CO2-excretion within 24 hours was 68-75% of the dose. However, the main part of the amount of radioactivity excreted during 24 hours was found after 4 to 6 hours already. Exponential functions calculated from the data of cumulative 14CO2-excretion suggest the existence of a fast process of 14CO2-formation directly from 14C-glutamic acid, reaching a plateau within 2 hours and a slow process of oxidation of intermediates of glutamic acid metabolism, causing a continued 14CO2-formation even after 24 hours. The oxidation of 14C-glutamic acid to CO2 decreased 2 to 14 hours after i.g. labelling if the glutamic acid content of the diet increased. The same was found for the specific radioactivity of 14CO2. A storage of intermediates of glutamic acid before degradation was assumed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of glutamic acid content of the diet on the catabolic rate of isotope-labeled glutamic acid in rats. 2. Time course of 14CO2 excretion following subcutaneous administration of 14C-glutamic acid].

40 rats with a body weight of 100 g received 7 semisynthetic diets with different contents of glutamic acid and one diet contained whole egg. A L-amino acid mixture corresponding to the pattern of egg protein was the protein source of the semisynthetic diets. Glutamic acid was supplemented successively from 0 to 58 mol-% of the total amino acid content. On the 8th day of experimental feeding the animals were labelled by subcutaneous injection of 14C-U-L-glutamic acid. Subsequently the CO2- and the 14CO2-excretion were measured for 24 hours. In this period 64 to 68% of the injected radioactivity were recovered as 14CO2. The curve pattern of 14CO2-excretion indicates two different processes of 14CO2-formation. One characterizing the direct degradation of glutamic acid to CO2 with a high rate constant and a second one with a lower rate constant characterizing the 14CO2-formation via metabolites of glutamic acid. 77% of the total 14CO2-excretion in 24 hours resulted from the direct oxidation of glutamic acid and 23% from the oxidation of intermediates. When 14CO2-formation was measured 10 to 24 hours after injection of 14C-glutamic acid a positive correlation to the content of glutamic acid in the diet was observed. The intestinal tissue contribute considerably to the catabolization of glutamic acid, however, there seems to exist an upper limit for this capacity.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of glutamic acid content of the diet on the catabolic rate of isotope-labeled glutamic acid in rats. 3. Determination of 14CO2 and 15N excretion following intragastric infusion of 14C- and 15N-glutamic acid].

Male rats (body weight 100 g) received during a 8 days experimental feeding period diets with different contents in glutamic acid. The daily feed intake was restricted to the energy maintenance level of 460 kJ/kg0.75. The diet contained a mixture of L-amino acids corresponding to the pattern of egg protein except glutamic acid. Glutamic acid was added successively at 10 levels (0 to 14,8% of dry matter) and the resulting diets were fed to groups of 4 animals each. At the end of the experimental feeding period 14C- and 15N-labelled glutamic acid were applied by intragastric infusion. CO2- and 14CO2-excretion was measured during the following 4 hours and the urinary N- and 15N-excretion during the following 24 hours. The CO2-excretion decreased from 53 to 44 mmol CO2/100 g body weight with increasing levels of dietary glutamic acid. This change seems to result from the increasing proportion of amino acids as an energetic fuel. While the amount of oxidized glutamic acid increased with increasing supplements of glutamic acid the relative 14CO2-excretion decreased from 57 to 48% of the applied radioactivity. The urinary 15N-excretion during 24 hours was 31% of the given amount of 15N if no glutamic acid was included in the diet. This proportion increased successively up to 52% in the case of the highest supply of glutamic acid. Because the total N-excretion increased at the same extent as the 15N-excretion a complete mixing of the NH2-groups resulting from glutamic acid due to desamination with the ammonia pool was assumed. No correlation between glutamic acid content of the diet and specific radioactivity of CO2 or atom-% 15N excess of urinary N was observed.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1984

[Motivation and biological significance of photically evoked potentials of the visual cortex of rats].

In 4 rats the photically evoked potential of the visual cortex was recorded during a conditioned reflex. As compared with the evoked potentials following flashes without biological meaning fullness significant differences occur in all rats at the same time intervals during the performance of the conditioned reflex. These differences remain unaltered when motivation increases an dare independent of the configuration of the evoked potentials following flashes without biological significance.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Topographical distribution of neuronal types in the albino rat's area 17. A qualitative and quantitative Nissl study.

1. Using Nissl preparations of adult male albino rats the topographical distributions of 10 neuronal types of the area 17 were ascertained in medio-lateral and dorso-ventral direction. 2. Two groups of neuronal types and one intermediate type are distinguished: (i) neurons rich in cytoplasm: pyramidal cells in L II-VI, stellate cells in L IV, one type each in L I and L VII, and a particularly large neuronal type in L II-VI; (ii) neurons poor in cytoplasm: one type in L I, three types in L II-VII and (iii) the intermediate type in L II-VI. 3. In the area 17, 93% of neurons are rich in cytoplasm (except the particularly large neuronal type B, 3.5%) (category-I-neurons = projection neurons), 2.9% of neurons are poor in cytoplasm (category-II-neurons = interneurons), and 0.6% are of the intermediate type. The latter may correspond with the Martinotti cell. At present we can only speculate, which cell type in Golgi preparations corresponds with the type B. 4. Taking into account the shrinkage of histologically treated tissue the number of neurons within a fresh volume of area 17 can be estimated. There are about 40,000 neurons within a volume of 1,000 microns x 1,000 microns basis. 5. Each layer is characterized by a specific amount of certain neuronal types, which are intermingled. 6. The distribution pattern of neuronal types change considerably in dorso-ventral direction. Medio-laterally there are only random deviations. 7. There are much more neurons poor in cytoplasm in superficial layers than in deeper layers. 8. In L I and L Va the highest and in L VII the smallest percentage of neurons poor in cytoplasm could be found. 9. L IV is characterized by its high number of stellate cells, the relatively high portion of the particularly large neuronal type B and small portions of pyramidal cells and neurons poor in cytoplasm. 10. As far as possible the functional aspects of the presented findings are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Methods of primary repair in cleft lip].

The authors made a longitudinal study on 60 children with subtotal or total cheiloschisis to assess the surgical results achieved by means of the methods of Tennison and Millard. The evaluation was based on metric, morphologic and functional parameters. Normal values were obtained from control groups of children without cleft lip. The results show that both operating techniques are well suited for closing the cleft. The method of Tennison should be used in cases of subtotal cheiloschisis; and that of Millard, in cases of total cheiloschisis. The operating technique of Millard provides a favourable correction of the position of the nose, which permits to dispense with difficult modifications.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Increased incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids of lungs and livers of rabbits under the influence of bromhexine and ambroxol.

The incorporation of lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid into phospholipids of lung and liver has been studied in tissue slices of control rabbits and of rabbits treated with bromhexine or ambroxol in doses of 10 mg/kg. A marked increase (up to 200% of the controls) of palmitic acid incorporation into phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) and phosphatidylethanolamine of the lung was found whereas the incorporation rate of palmitic acid into lecithin and phosphatidylethanolamine of the liver displayed no significant change. The incorporation of lauric acid and oleic acid into lung phospholipids was not accelerated. The observed effects were more marked in short time experiments (analysis 2 h after drug injection) than after treatements for 7 days. It is concluded that the phospholipid synthesis is stimulated by the drugs especially in the lungs. This seems to be of particular interest with respect to the surfactant system of the lung and might have some therapeutic relevance.

Ambroxol↗