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Biomedical subjects

A Wildfeuer

Publications and source records attributed to A Wildfeuer.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Phagocyte dysfunction in common variable immune deficiency.

The history of a 13-year old boy is reported who suffered from frequent bacterial, enteroviral, and protozoal infections since late infancy. A decrease in the serum levels of IgG2, IgG3, IgA, a neutrophil dysfunction, and a partial cellular immune deficiency could be demonstrated. A deficiency of folic acid produced a pancytopenia which enhanced the patient's susceptibility to infections. The combined substitution of gammaglobulins and folic acid only was able to break this vicious cycle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Experimental candida vaginitis in the mouse (author's transl)].

Manifest Candida albicans infection of the vagina of mice was achieved only after oestrogen treatment. Histologically, different phases of vaginal candidiasis could be observed: the mycotic infection began with a massive colonization of Candida albicans in the horny layers of the vaginal epithelium and an early immigration of granulocytes. Abscess-like changes followed when high number of yeast cells were used for infection. One to two weeks after onset the inflammatory changes decreased and fungi were no longer identifiable in epithelial micro-abscesses by the methods employed. In contrast, yeast cells could be detected within the vaginal skin exhibiting weak inflammatory lesions up to the 57th day. Chemotactic studies showed that the fungi considerably stimulated the migration of mouse granulocytes in the presence of serum. Since mannan isolated from the Candida cell wall also possesses strong chemotactic activity, certain components of the fungal cell wall may play a pathogenic role in Candida colpitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Defects in granulocyte function in various chromosome abnormalities (Down's-, Edwards'-, Cri-du-chat syndrome).

In five infants with autosomal aberrations and diminished resistance to infection (in spite of intact humoral and cellular immune mechanisms) several granulocyte functions (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, intracellular killing and metabolism of killing) were measured. A serum-dependent or a cell-dependent disturbance of phagocytosis of Candida albicans was found in two infants with cat-cry syndrome and one with trisomy 18. In one of these children there was an additional serum dependent defect of the killing of Candida albicans and of Staphylococcus aureus, serum levels of opsonins (IgG, IgM, CH50 and C3) being within normal range. An infant with trisomy 21 showed, in addition to a cellular defect of chemotaxis, a reduced cellular ability of the killing of Staphylococcus aureus and of Escherichia coli in autologous and AB-pool-serum. Phagocytosis of these bacteria remained normal.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1976

A case of impaired chemotaxis and lymphocyte transformation.

The report describes the clinical syndroms of a 14-year-old boy which suffered from recurrent infections since early infancy. The clinical and general laboratory findings were similar to "the granulomatous disease of childhood" as described by Bridges et al. (8). The following serum factors were determined: Immunoglobulins, complement factors, isoagglutinins. The following assays with normal or patient's granulocytes were done: Chemotactic activity, nitroblue-tetrazolium test, bactericidal assay, fungicidal assay, myeloperoxidase, monocytes fungicidal assay. Immunological studies include kinetics of phytohaemagglutinin response, effect of serum of the patient on lymphocytic reactivity in vitro and skin tests. The following results were obtained: 1) Assays with normal or patient's granulocytes showed an impaired chemotatic activity, when serum of the patient was added. There was strong indication by treatment of the patient with plasma infusions, that the chemotactic defect is a serum dependent factor. 2) It could be demonstrated that the patient's serum also inhibited the response of lymphocytes to tuberculin and phytohaemagglutinin. Therefore the patient report focuses attention upon the possibility of serum related abnormalities that may influence granulocytic as well as lymphocytic functions leading to recurrent bacterial, fungal and viral infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

An inherited defect in granulocyte function: impaired chemotaxis, phagocytosis and intracellular killing of microorganisms.

The neutrophil granulocytes of a 1-year-old boy with severe recurrent infections were found to have almost no chemotactic responsiveness, impaired phagocytosis and reduced intracellular killing of Candida albicans "in vitro". During the course of a febrile illness of unknown etiology which was accompanied by a leukemoid reaction, phagocytic activity became normal; the chemotactic response was also increased but still remained slightly subnormal. Family studies suggested that the defect was an inherited autosomal recessive one.

Chemotaxis↗
PubMed1976

[Dysfunction of Granulocytes in Children with Frequent Infections].

Eight children with various diseases, who has frequent infections were examined for abnormalities of serum proteins and leucocyte function. Inborn or secondary defects could be recognized by the tests for chemotaxis, the intracellular killing of bacteria as well as yeast and the oxydative metabolism of the granulocytes. The defects were serum- or cell-dependent and they could be detected alone or in combination with other dysfunctions. Three children showed a reduced stimulation of the lymphocytes in addition to the impairment of chemotactic activity or fungicidal cavity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Impairment of granulocyte function in juvenile diabetes.

Granulocyte function of 10 diabetic children has been investigated. At the time of testing the diabetes was in poor control. Five children were retested one week later after adjustment of diet and insulin dose. In contrast to some reports we did not find a phagocytic defect in the ingestion of particles, but the capacity of intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus was impaired. Chemotaxis was also reduced whereas the NBT-index and intracellular killing of Candida albicans were normal. Better control of the diabetes led to an improvement of bactericidal killing capacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Granulocyte dysfunction. I. Inborn defects (author's transl)].

The insight in the function and dysfunction of granulocytes lately arouses more and more interest. This report summarises our present knowledge. In the first of two chapters the authors review the molecular basis of granulocyte function and the inborn defects of chemotaxis, opsonisation, phagocytosis and intracellular killing of bacteria and fungi.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1975

[Experimental candida keratitis. Histological, immunological and electron microscopical studies (author's transl)].

Using histological, immunohistological and electron microscopical methods, it could be demonstrated that the course of experimental Candida albicans keratitis in mice invlves three phases: a traumatically caused alternative phase is followed by a granulocytic exsudative phase and finally by a proliferative phase. The experiments were followed over 41 days. Fungal elements could be detected only during the first 4 days after infection. When topically treated with hydrocortisone, the exsudation of leucocytes was diminished and delayed and the cellular proliferation was reduced considerably in the challenged corneal stroma. A lower number of Candida organisms was found in the cornea when treatment with hydrocortisone was combined with the antifungal drug pimaricin. When treated with pimaricin only however, fungal growth and inflammation were least apparent.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1975

Morphological and immunological characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes, group A, type 50.

Streptococcus pyogenes, group A, type 50, in contrast to other group A streptococci, causes spontaneous disease in mice thereby providing a suitable experimental model for the study of human streptococcosis. Type 50 possesses various peculiar morphological and immunobiological characteristics and under certain conditions forms and extremely thick non-antigenic capsule which seems to interfere with the binding of antibody. This interference is most likely responsible for the difficulties in detecting type 50 streptococci in the tissues of infected mice by immunofluorescent staining. Whereas the surface components (hyaluronic acid, M-antigen) of the type 50 Streptococcus exhibit several uncommon features, the more deeply located cell wall antigens, like peptidoglycan and C-carbohydrate, do not differ in either their chemical constituents or their serological reactions from the comparable components of other group A streptococci.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Rapidly debilitating disease with generalized lymphadenopathy, skin involvement and interstitial pulmonary infiltration (report of three cases)].

Generalized but well-circumscribed lymphadenopathy and rash-like skin changes were observed in three men, aged 58 to 75 years. There was a reticular appearance in the chest X-ray. Dyspnoea, weakness, marked weight loss, changing but marked lymphopenia, markedly increased blood-sedimentation rate, and an always negative Tine test were present in all three. Despite antibiotics, cytostatic drugs and prednisolone the disease quickly ended fatally with high fever, general debilitation and pneumonia. Post-mortem examination revealed diffuse lymphatic hyperplasia with plasma-cell infiltration in the lymph nodes, tonsils and lymphatic tissue of the intestines, and diffuse hyperplasia of the endothelial venules, together with basophilic blast cells, eosimophilic granulocytes and reticulum cells with broad nucleoli. The spleen was normal or enlarged. Spleen, lung tissue and lymphatics, the skin in the area of the small vessels, hair follicles and sweat glands contained lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophilic leucocytes. The spleen, if enlarged, also had focal necroses in its periarteriolar septa. In two cases electrophoresis revealed beta-globulin poorly demarkated from gamma-globulin, doubling and increase. In the third case, IgA was markedly increased with one each monoclonal IgG1 und IgA, and corresponding shift in the chi/lambda relationship in serum. Immunohistologically, lymphocytes were made up of about 20 percent IgG-containing and about 25 percent IgA-containing cells. Lymphopenia, if present, was associated with markedly reduced blast transformation of peripheral lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin. The granulocytes were defective (intracellular killing of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus), while the nitrobluetetrazolium test was normal. There was RBC phagocytosis in the macrophages of bone marrow and in Kupffer cells of all three cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Use of limulus assay to compare the biological activity of peptidoglycan and endotoxin.

The gelation of a lysate prepared from the amebocytes of Limulus polyphemus, the horseshoe crab, has been used to detect endotoxin-like material in clinical studies and in "in vitro" experiments. The investigation of blood samples from 54 hospitalized patients suspected of having endotoxemia, revealed a positive limulus test in 14. Infections due to gram-positive organisms were not associated with positive assays. These results were in agreement with the observation that living gram-positive microorganisms - in contrast to gram-negative bacteria - did not initiate lysate gelation when studied "in vitro". Only very high concentrations of peptidoglycan, isolated from the cell walls of various gram-positive bacteria, induced the reaction. Therefore, these findings support the view, that the limulus test is relatively specific for the detection of gram-negative bacterial endotoxin and endotoxemia.

Animals↗