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Biomedical subjects

A Whitelaw

Publications and source records attributed to A Whitelaw.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Comparison of two techniques used for the recovery of nematode infective larvae from pasture.

The recovery of gastrointestinal nematode infective larvae from herbage collected manually was compared with the recovery from herbage ingested by sheep with oesophageal fistulae, on five occasions during the grazing season. At least three times more larvae were recovered from the oesophageal fistulates than by manual collection. There was no significant variation between the numbers of larvae collected at 09.00, 12.00 and 15.00, nor was there any difference in the distribution of genera recovered by the two methods. The worm burdens of tracer lambs and the larval counts from the fistulated sheep were used to estimate the rate of larval establishment.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Monitoring of the neonatal electroencephalogram using an infrared multichannel telemetry system.

A 3-channel neonatal medical monitoring system is described which uses infrared light instead of electrical leads to transmit physiological signals from the neonate to monitoring equipment. This system is especially applicable to situations where low level physiological signals such as the EEG need to be monitored in the vicinity of other life support and monitoring equipment that is likely to introduce electrical interference. Examples of EEG activity showing the progress of a neonate, who had experienced asphyxia, are presented.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1984

Factor V deficiency and antenatal intraventricular haemorrhage.

Serial obstetric ultrasound showed the development of asymmetrical ventricular dilatation between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation. After delivery at 38 weeks, progressive ventricular dilatation required a ventriculo-atrial shunt. Investigation of postoperative bleeding into the cerebral ventricles consistently showed factor V values of only two per cent.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1984

Cholelithiasis in a preterm infant.

A case of cholelithiasis in a preterm infant is described. The baby survived for 105 days, during which time she received multiple blood transfusions. Three pigment stones were found in the gallbladder at necropsy. It is suggested that they were a consequence of an excessive bilirubin load, the result of maintaining the hemoglobin above physiological levels.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1983

Phenobarbitone for prevention of periventricular haemorrhage in very low birth-weight infants. A randomised double-blind trial.

A double-blind randomised trial was carried out in 60 infants with a birth-weight of less than 1500 g or a gestational age below 31 weeks. 30 infants received phenobarbitone (20 mg/kg) within 4 h of birth and 30 infants received a placebo. The two groups of infants were similar in birth-weight, gestational age, frequency of vaginal delivery, sex, Apgar scores, ventilator dependence before the injection, pneumothorax, hypercapnia, and acidosis. Cranial ultrasound scans were carried out daily for 14 days. 12 out of 30 phenobarbitone-treated infants and 11 out of 30 placebo-treated infants had PVH, with parenchymal haemorrhages in 2 of the placebo group. Plasma phenobarbitone was over 15 micrograms/ml in 28 out of 30 of the phenobarbitone-treated infants during the first 72 h. 7 out of 17 spontaneously breathing infants became ventilator-dependent within 12 h of the phenobarbitone injection, whereas only 1 of 18 spontaneously breathing placebo-treated infants became ventilator-dependent within 12 h of injection. Although the possibility of protection against parenchymal haemorrhages may justify further investigation, there is no justification for administration of 20 mg/kg of phenobarbitone to all infants below 1500 g.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1983

Use of cupric oxide needles in the prophylaxis of induced copper deficiency in lambs grazing improved hill pastures.

Cuprix oxide needles as a single oral dose were administered to ewes in the prepartum period, and to one member of each pair of twin lambs at between three and five weeks of age when grazing hill pastures improved by liming and reseeding. Lambs derived from dosed or undosed ewes and treated at three to five weeks of age were maintained in normocupraemia and showed no signs of ill-thrift. Lambs derived from dosed or undosed ewes but not themselves dosed showed hypocupraemia and ill-thrift. The lambs derived from the dosed ewes took longer to become hypocupraemic, but showed only a transient benefit from the ewe treatment. The dosed ewes showed a delay in the onset of hypocupraemia compared with the undosed ewes but there were no definable differences in performance between the two groups.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Effect of neonatal complications in premature infants on early parent-infant interactions.

A total of 184 infants in a neonatal intensive care unit with birthweights less than 1501 g were rated daily on a Morbidity Scale covering the 20 most common diseases and pathophysiological states in neonatology, the severity of each condition being rated on a scale of 0 to 3. To measure the impact of various degrees of complications on parental caretaking style, 20 infants with serious medical complications were paired with 20 infants who had a comparatively easy medical course. Both groups were observed during maternal visits to the hospital and again during a feeding three months after discharge home. Sick infants showed significantly less motor movements when ill but after recovery were similar to well infants of the same age. Parents visiting sick infants interacted far less with their infants than did parents of well babies, and this continued after recovery. It also persisted at home two months after the expected date of delivery. In addition, mothers whose infants had been seriously ill for less than 17 days interacted with them significantly more than mothers whose babies had been ill for over 35 days. While maternal background variables predicted the level of maternal activity with the comparatively well infants and those with short illnesses, they did not do so in the group of infants with long illnesses.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Piperacillin in early neonatal infection.

Seventy infants with suspected bacterial infection in the first 48 hours of life were treated either with piperacillin and flucloxacillin or with penicillin and gentamicin. Infection was confirmed and successfully eradicated in 6 of the 35 infants receiving piperacillin and flucloxacillin. Four infants treated with penicillin and gentamicin had confirmed infection and one deteriorated initially but then recovered when treated with piperacillin. Serum piperacillin concentrations above 100 mg/l and cerebrospinal fluid piperacillin concentrations of 2.6-6 mg/l were noted for up to four hours and 7 hours respectively, even in the absence of inflamed meninges, after administration of piperacillin 100 mg/kg body weight intravenously. Median half life of piperacillin was 6.5 hours and was prolonged in renal impairment. Piperacillin is considered to be a safe and effective first line single agent treatment for early neonatal infection but because some Escherichia coli are resistant to it we recommend that a second agent be used in critically ill infants with neutropenia or meningitis.

Bacterial Infections↗