Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Werner.
The present article shows a clinical secuence in the treatment of permanente mollars with lesions in its sinclar area. This secuence allows the combination of preventive and restorative to minimize dental damage.
In 22 patients aged 34 to 87 years treated in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Stomatology, Medical Academy in Warsaw for malignant tumours of the lower gingiva the usefulness was assessed of the conventional radiological methods and computed tomography for the evaluation of malignant infiltrations. Computed tomography was found to be an auxiliary radiological method determining best the morphology and syntopy of malignant neoplasms of the lower gingiva infiltrating the soft tissues of the oral floor.
During 3 years 1246 patients were treated for mandibular fractures, 828 of them were treated by conservative-orthopaedic methods while in 418 patients the displaced mandibular fragments were reduced and fixed surgically using various methods. The purpose of the assessment was a group of 319 patients in whom the fragments were reduced and fixed with ossous sutures. A good result of treatment was achieved after this operation in 291 cases (91.2%). In 28 patients (8.8%) postoperative complications developed requiring reoperation.
Nucleotide concentrations in erythrocytes of rats infected with Plasmodium berghei were measured by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC. UTP and GTP levels were higher in highly infected red blood cells obtained after density separation. The infected red blood cells possess higher hypoxanthine, adenine, and adenosine levels.
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The effects of 1, 5 and 20 mmol/l phenylhydrazine hydrochloride on energy metabolism of rabbit erythrocyte and reticulocyte were studied. Significant depression of glycolysis, accompanied by loss of adenine nucleotides, mainly due to an extensive decline of ATP, was found in erythrocytes. Energy metabolism of reticulocytes appears to be more sensitive to deleterious effects of this drug. The declines of ATP and sum of all adenine nucleotides, as well as the accumulation of hypoxanthine were twofold in reticulocyte-rich red cell suspensions compared with suspensions of mature erythrocytes. It can be concluded that these changes are the consequence of lower energy production due to phenylhydrazine hydrochloride-induced inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation.
There are peroxidative changes during the reperfusion of the rat small intestine following a 1h period of total ischaemia. That is demonstrated by the increases of the concentrations of glutathione disulphide and of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. An important source of the active oxygen species leading to peroxidations is the degradation of purine nucleotides. The nucleotides and their derivatives were measured by an ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation in a single analysis within 40 min. Modification of the elution gradient resulted in a high resolution of nucleosides and nucleobases, including allopurinol and oxypurinol. The decrease of the nucleoside triphosphate concentration and the increase of nucleoside monophosphate concentration, followed by accumulations of nucleosides and nucleobases in the course of the ischaemia were measured. During reperfusion the nucleotide pools are filled up. Restoration of adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate can be accelerated by application of the xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor allopurinol. Pretreatment of the animals with allopurinol also diminished the formation of glutathione disulphide and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances.
The relationship between nucleotide catabolism and generation of activated oxygen species was investigated in liver, hepatocytes and small intestine of rats. In severe hypoxia nucleotide degradation via xanthine oxidase and urate oxidase requires about half of the oxygen consumed. Data on the changes of nucleobase compounds in rat hepatocytes and small intestine during ischemia and reoxygenation and the effects of allopurinol and oxypurinol thereon are presented. From EPR measurements it is concluded that OH. radicals induce reactions of allopurinol yielding long-living products which are able to react with DMPO-OH with loss of its radical properties.
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The intratubal transfer of pronucleus or early cleavage stage embryos (2-8-cell stage) is a new method in the treatment of human infertility. Following transvaginal sonographic oocyte retrieval, in vitro fertilization is performed and the fertilized oocyte pronucleus-stage or embryos are transferred into the tube by laparoscopy. By comparison to GIFT (intratubal gamete transfer), fertilization under in vitro conditions offers the advantage that the success of the fertilization process can be examined. Therefore, this method can give important diagnostic information--especially in cases of poor sperm quality or unexplained infertility. After fertilization in vitro and transfer into the tube the embryonic development occurs in the physiological milieu of the oviduct. Up until the present, the new procedure was performed in 40 patients with male factor or unexplained infertility. In 11 cases (28%) a pregnancy could be achieved. One abortion, but no ectopic pregnancy was observed. No difference in the pregnancy rates could be observed between the transfer of pronucleus stage and the early cleavage stage embryos. This method combines the advantages of IVF and GIFT and offers a successful procedure for the treatment of infertility.
We have isolated lentivirus strains that are related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops; AGM). Although immunologically related, these SIVagm are clearly distinct from other simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolates, including isolates from Macaca mulatta (SIVmac) or even from other AGM. The SIVagm strains described in this communication grow well in a limited number of human T-lymphoma lines. Virus density, morphology, and reverse transcriptase activity are characteristic of the lentivirus group. SIVagm exhibits the following pattern of major virus proteins: p18, p28, gp45, p64, gp140. They appear to bind to the target cell via the CD4 or its primate analogue. Four virus isolates have already been molecularly cloned for detailed genomic analysis and within this SIV agm group they exhibit the genomic variability that is typical of lentiviruses. AGMs infected with this virus apparently remain healthy and therefore SIVagm not only provides a virus model for vaccine studies but also allows investigation of the defense mechanisms (immunological and others) that keep the AGMs healthy. Furthermore, precise genomic analysis of these and other SIV strains will lead to a better understanding of the evolution and pathogenicity of human lentiviruses like HIV.
Simian immunodeficiency viruses have been isolated from African green monkeys originating from Ethiopia. A molecular clone, termed SIVagm3, was found to be highly divergent from SIVagmTYO-1 in terms of its restriction map and partial nucleotide sequence. A premature stop codon present in the transmembrane protein of SIVagm TYO-1 was absent in SIVagm3. SIVagm3 was biologically active in vitro and in vivo and displayed characteristics reminiscent of the wild-type virus. Biological activity was demonstrated by seroconversion of juvenile African green monkeys and Macaca nemestrina after inoculation. In contrast to antibody reactivity mainly directed against env proteins in naturally infected African green monkeys. African green monkeys and M. nemestrina infected with the cloned virus showed antibody reactivity directed against all major proteins as demonstrated by immunoblot analysis. The availability of a biologically fully competent molecular clone of SIVagm allows us now to address various pertinent questions in an animal model system which should help to understand features of human immunodeficiency virus infection in human beings.
Oxidative loading during the reperfusion of the proximal jejunum of rats following a one hour-period of complete ischemia was demonstrated in in vivo-experiments by the increases of the GSSG: total glutathione ratio and the concentration of TBA-RS. The pretreatment of the animals with the xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor allopurinol diminished the accumulation of GSSG and of TBA-RS. It was concluded that the purine nucleotide degradation is an important source of oxygen reduction products in reoxygenated small intestine. The tissue concentrations of nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleobases were measured by an ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC separation. There occurred fast declines of ATP and GTP concentrations during ischaemia leading to temporary increases of nucleoside mono- and diphosphate pools. The hypoxanthine concentration is increased about twentyfold during oxygen deficiency. The ATP and GTP restoration during the reperfusion was accelerated in presence of allopurinol. The shares of the beneficial allopurinol effects are not yet clarified.
Considering that in gynecologic carcinomas cells and cellular tumor parts can be left in the abdominal space leading to an increased growth of recurrences due to a change in the cell-kinetic situation, 19 patients with advanced gynecologic tumors were treated locally with 15 mg mitomycin or 30 mg (40 mg) mitoxantrone dissolved in 1000 mg saline before the operation was completed. The course of disease after intraoperative, intraperitoneal chemotherapy given in addition to the usual chemo- or radiotherapeutic regimen was as follows: in 14 patients assessed up to now, a NED state was achieved 4 times, while there was a partial remission in 2 cases and a SD situation in one. In two women there was progression. In the group with recurrent treatment (5 women), a further progressive course was observed in 4 patients. In one case there was a partial remission. With mitoxantrone serum levels between in 10-60 ng/ml, two subilium situations and postoperative nausea were noticed as side-effects. Among the changes noted in the chemical laboratory, there was one leukopenia grade IV and five grade III-leukopenias as well as various intermittent alterations of the liver values and electrocytes. One case of wound healing disturbances with prolapsed small intestine convolution in the wound area was observed in the tumor growth developing in the abdominal wall. The side-effects of the intraoperative and intraperitoneal therapy with cytostatics were generally acceptable. Given the observed courses of the disease, a continuation of the intraperitoneal therapy form aimed against postoperative residual and aggressively growing tumor cells would appear to be justifiable.
The wound-healing agent Dalargin, a hexapeptide and varios of its cleavage products were tested in a wound-healing model on the basis of granulation in rat. Three days after wounding (p.op.) an increase in granulation was observed at Dalargin concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml and 50 micrograms/ml. Seven days p.op. an increase was observed already at a Dalargin concentration of 5 micrograms/ml. The cleavage products of Dalargin had no stimulating effect on granulation. A histologic differentiation of the different cell parts in the granulation tissue led to an increased total number of cells. The concentration of 5 micrograms/ml induced both an increase in the number of endothelial cells and fibroblasts, the concentration of 50 micrograms/ml induced just an increase of the number of endothelial cells. The possible bases of the mode of operation are being discussed. The stimulating effect on wound healing as described could be confirmed by the results obtained in our animal experiments.
A bilateral case of transposition of canines and lateral incisives developing in the lower jaw of an eleven year-old age is reported in this paper. The very low occurrence of the condition is emphasized by the author and usually the lesion is diagnosed late, once the disturbance is already established. In the case herewith reported, the advanced eruption of the involved teeth determined the need for orthodontic treatment.
The effects of acute, orally administered naltrexone (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg), a potent opioid receptor antagonist, on self-injurious behavior (SIB), heart rate, and blood pressure in three males (one 10-year-old and two 17-year-olds) were investigated. Subjects were evaluated in a structured test session for SIB. The frequency of the most predominant type of SIB (head and face hitting) was significantly reduced by naltrexone (maximum was 71% at the 1.5 mg/kg dose), while self-biting was not significantly decreased at any dose. In contrast, naltrexone had no significant effect on heart rate or blood pressure. Based upon these and other results it was concluded that naltrexone produced decreases in specific SIBs by blocking opioid receptors in brain, and that such opioid blockade had no effect on two measures of cardiovascular function.
Peroxidative loading during the reoxygenation of the rat small intestine following a complete ischemia was demonstrated in in vivo-experiments by the increases of the glutathione disulphide (GSSG): total glutathione ratio and the concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS). The pretreatment of the rats with allopurinol diminished the accumulation of GSSG and of TBA-RS. From these effects was concluded that the purine nucleotide degradation is an important source of oxygen reduction products leading to peroxidations. The concentrations of nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleobases were measured by an ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC. The restoration of ATP and GTP concentrations during the reoxygenation period was accelerated by the application of allopurinol.