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Biomedical subjects

A Wendt

Publications and source records attributed to A Wendt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

The National Council Licensure Examinations/differential item functioning process.

The National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc., is committed to administering licensure examinations that test minimum, essential entry level nursing competence. The item development process used by the National Council includes extensive procedures that are designed to minimize the possibility that test items contain factors unrelated to the purpose of the examination. This article described one of those procedures, known as the NCLEX DIF process. The NCLEX DIF process combines a statistical review with a judgmental review to detect items that may be measuring other than the intended construct. National Council Licensure Examinations are closely scrutinized to ensure fairness and validity. While it may not be possible to conduct DIF analyses on classroom test items, nursing educators should endeavor to review all items for potential item bias by examining them for stereotypical and sensitive material. Guidelines to assist the nursing educator in the review process to prevent item bias are available (Wendt, Holz, Worcester, 1996; Shepard, 1982).

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1998

Anti-inflammatory action of pale sulfonated shale oil (ICHTHYOL pale) in UVB erythema test.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: In a clinical research institute the anti-inflammatory effect of pale sulfonated shale oil versus hydrocortisone was investigated in a placebo-controlled clinical trial using a double-blind design and random assignment of the treatments to the test fields. SUBJECTS: 20 male and female volunteers with healthy skin in the test areas participated in this trial. TREATMENT: All subjects received different concentrations of pale sulfonated shale oil (2% and 4%), the active ingredient-free vehicle and a reference product containing 0.5% hydrocortisone. METHODS: Approximately 300 microl of test preparation were applied to the treatment fields. The medication was administered for 23 h. An untreated, irradiated and an untreated, non-irradiated control field were included as well. The test fields were compared intraindividually. Four different UV-doses (1; 1.25; 1.6 and 2 MED) were tested in each volunteer. The test fields were occluded for 6 h. After 7 h, measurement with a colorimeter was carried out. After measurement, the treatment was repeated. The test fields were occluded for a further 16 h and test preparations carefully wiped off. One hour later, post-irradiation color measurements were made by colorimetric detection. Variance analysis was used for statistical evaluation. RESULTS: 4% pale sulfonated shale oil and 0.5% hydrocortisone had a significantly greater efficacy than the vehicle (p = 0.0001). There were no differences between the efficacy of 4% pale sulfonated shale oil and 0.5% hydrocortisone (p = 0.5169). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of 4% pale sulfonated shale oil and help explain the clinical effects of the drug in the therapy of atopic eczema.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Measuring scales for assessment of coping behavior: a critical evaluation].

In the present report, assessment problems in the area of coping research are discussed. On the basis of some objective criterion, assessment procedures with theoretical background, development and areas of uses, are chosen to make clear the current status of the instrument for evaluating illness coping strategies. A comprehensive review allows an evaluation of the presented assessment instruments. The development, psychometric properties, testing, advantages and disadvantages of the procedures are briefly discussed to enable the selection of appropriate assessment procedures to answer specific questions and for specific target groups.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Coping with employment discrimination against diabetics: trends in social medicine and social psychology.

In many European countries, social-medical aspects in the management of diabetes mellitus are not satisfactorily respected. Our contribution reports a study addressing the impact of diabetes on the patient's career and daily work, in order to determine the extent to which diabetics are being discriminated against at work. Type I diabetics were questioned about their experience, and not on the objective burden. A questionnaire was developed to evaluate patients' social and employment problems. Few elements of an education program for Type I diabetes optimizing social skills (social competence) are demonstrated. In a group of 6-8 patients, assertive behavior in the work place is modelled (e.g., for hypoglycaemia, social phobia) by applying psychological methods (behavior modification role-playing). These methods can help diabetic patients to master their discrimination. They learn assertive behavior in social situations with superiors and colleagues and develop self-confidence (self-efficacy). This special education program supports Type I diabetics in coping with employment discrimination.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Effect of psychiatric clinical learning site on nursing students' attitudes toward mental illness and psychiatric nursing.

As a component of an undergraduate nursing program evaluation, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the psychiatric clinical learning site on students' attitudes toward mental illness and psychiatric nursing. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was utilized. The dependent measures included an Environmental Rating Scale, an Attitude Toward Mental Illness Scale, and an Attitude Toward Psychiatric Nursing Scale. The non-probability sample of convenience included 45 students enrolled in the senior level psychiatric nursing module of a baccalaureate nursing program at a midwest, metropolitan liberal arts college. The subjects were randomly assigned to a Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center and a private hospital. The results indicated that after controlling for students' attitudes toward mental illness and psychiatric nursing prior to the psychiatric nursing module, clinical site location did not account for any significant variance in students' attitudes after the module. However, correlation analysis of the specific components of the Environmental Rating Scale did demonstrate statistically significant associations with a decrease in authoritative, restrictive attitudes toward mental illness, and an increase in the milieu therapy and community mental health orientations to psychiatric nursing.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of age on the periodontal status of the golden Syrian hamster (morphologic research)].

In 10 male Syrian golden hamsters at the age of 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 months each the two first lower molars have been evaluated histomorphologically to get an exact statement about the spontaneous illness rate of our used animals. In this connection efforts were made to classify the histopathological lesions into initial, early, established and advanced lesions in accordance with Page and Schroeder (1976). Altogether occurred 4 initial, 64 early and 32 established lesions in 100 examined golden hamster molars. In no case advanced lesions have been stated. Referring to the various age groups a regular periodontal progression was not detectable. Histologically healthy marginal periodontium could not been found in the conventional Syrian golden hamster. Similar examinations have this to consider.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

[Animal tests in periodontology and rodents in particular. Literature study].

On the basis of a representative information search it is reported on the necessity and utility of animal test studies for research work in periodontology. Findings on the wellaimed use of test animals for this purpose are shown with particular regard to rats and hamsters. Advantages and disadvantages of using rodents are contrasted.

Animals↗