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Biomedical subjects

A Weinberg

Publications and source records attributed to A Weinberg.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Terrorist bombing with a 'Molotov cocktail' inside travelling cars: an old weapon for a new burn syndrome?

The 'Molotov cocktail' terrorist weapon which is thrown into a travelling car has given a new type of injury to people who sustain massive smoke inhalation together with disfiguring burns of face, thighs, hands and chest, and post-traumatic psychological disorder. The combination of petrol ignition with the synthetic fumes inside the care is a unique occurrence with a high morbidity and mortality which is difficult to treat and to manage. We propose to show that the combination of all the above components can be defined as the 'Molotov cocktail' burn syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Cyclosporin A treatment failed to extend skin allograft survival in two burn patients.

Prolongation of skin allograft survival by immunosuppression of burn casualties has been reported sporadically during the past two decades. Recently cyclosporin A (CycA) has been used effectively for such an indication. We report here two paediatric patients with extensive burns (85-95 per cent BSA) treated with fresh, family-related skin allografts that were rejected during CycA treatment after 14-18 days. One of these children survived while the other died with candida sepsis.

Burns↗
PubMed1994

Late complications of the modified Indiana pouch.

The modified Indiana pouch is currently an accepted and widely used form of continent cutaneous urinary diversion. However, results of long-term followup and potential late complications are still being established. We report our experience with 130 modified Indiana pouches performed between September 1987 and September 30, 1991. In 16 patients (12%) late complications developed between 1 and 16 months after the pouch procedure. Ureteral obstruction developed in 9 of these patients (7%), including bilateral obstruction in 4. Balloon dilation with or without incision of ureteral strictures in 6 patients resulted in an 83% failure rate, while ureteral reimplantation was successful in 91% (10 of 11 cases). Reservoir dysfunction was the late complication in the remaining 7 patients. Urodynamic evaluation was essential in determining appropriate treatment for incontinence with either replication of the ileal segment or pouch augmentation with an ileal patch. Of the 16 late complications 56% occurred in patients who received between 3,000 and 6,500 rad of pelvic radiation before the urinary diversion. We conclude that the modified Indiana pouch is a successful form of urinary diversion with an acceptable complication rate. Ureteral balloon dilation with or without endoscopic incision of ureteral strictures has not been successful. However, patients can usually undergo successful ureteral reimplantation via an extraperitoneal approach with minimal morbidity. Previously radiated patients are at higher risk for complications and require shorter ureteral tunnels to avoid stricture, in addition to an ileal patch at initial construction.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The inframammary midline triangle in reduction mammaplasty: the renewal of an old idea.

The junction between the inframammary and vertical suture lines after reduction mammaplasty is a weak point well known to plastic surgeons. This junction is prone to either necrosis or disruption, or both, in some cases. A small triangle of skin left in that location may prevent this problem. This is done routinely in all the cases of McKissock reduction mammaplasty, but it could be employed in any other techniques as well. The cosmetic appearance is good. The method, which is not new and has been used in the past, has been found very helpful and is described here along with its advantages.

Breast↗
PubMed1994

Macaca fascicularis as a model in which to assess the safety and efficacy of a vaccine for periodontitis.

We have assessed Macaca fascicularis as a potential model in which to test the efficacy and safety of a vaccine for periodontitis. Twenty-eight animals were surveyed and 20 studied in more detail. Clinical periodontal status was assessed, the subgingival microflora analyzed especially for the presence and proportions of Porphyromonas gingivalis and titers and avidities of serum antibodies reactive with P. gingivalis measured. Probing depths ranged from 0.90 mm to 3.80 mm, Gingival Index scores from 0.00 to 4.00 and Plaque Index scores from 0.00 to 3.00. About 40% of sites bled on probing. The animals manifested a subgingival flora characteristic of the anaerobic gram-negative bacteria found in human periodontal pockets, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum. P. gingivalis was detected in 70 of 80 samples studied, ranging from 0.01% to 20% of the total flora. Serum antibody reactive with antigens of P. gingivalis was observed in all animals, with titers ranging from 1.0 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) unit to 25 ELISA units and avidities from 0.10 M to 2.20 M. Antibody titer and maximum percentage of P. gingivalis were inversely correlated, indicating that a humoral immune response may be effective in reducing P. gingivalis overgrowth. M. fascicularis appears to be an excellent model for use in vaccine development.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Immunization against Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibits progression of experimental periodontitis in nonhuman primates.

Periodontitis is a common infectious disease in which the attachment tissues of the teeth and their alveolar bone housing are destroyed, resulting in tooth loss. The gram-negative anaerobic microorganism Porphyromonas gingivalis has been closely linked to severe forms of the disease. We show for the first time that immunization of the primate Macaca fascicularis with killed P. gingivalis in Syntex Adjuvant Formulation-M inhibits progression of periodontal tissue destruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Direct detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Macaca fascicularis dental plaque samples using an oligonucleotide probe.

Oligonucleotide probes complementary to the hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA of Porphyromonas gingivalis, and previously shown to specifically identify human P. gingivalis strains to the species level, were tested for their ability to recognize P. gingivalis from nonhuman primates (Macaca fascicularis), either as distinct isolates or in subgingival dental plaque. The 32P-labeled probes hybridized with all 147 monkey isolates identified as P. gingivalis by morphology and biochemistry, but did not hybridize with any of the 331 isolates representing 17 genera of bacteria unrelated to P. gingivalis, or to the more closely related P. endodontalis and P. asaccharolytica. This corresponds to sensitivities and specificities of 100%. Of 76 M. fascicularis plaque samples, P. gingivalis was detected by probe and culture in 67. Of 26 human plaque samples taken from separate individuals free of periodontal disease, 23 failed to demonstrate P. gingivalis by probe or culture. The results of the combined 102 monkey and human plaque samples indicate that, when compared to culture as the "gold standard," the P. gingivalis probe had a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 87%, and an overall agreement with culture of 93%. These results reveal that the oligonucleotide probes used to identify P. gingivalis are specific for this organism, and give results comparable to culture methods for detecting the presence of P. gingivalis in M. fascicularis dental plaque.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: an immunohistochemical and lectin study.

Eight cases of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) were examined. Three CMNs were of the classical (typical) variant, two were cellular (atypical), and three showed a mixed pattern. A panel of nephron segment-specific tubular epithelial markers (the lectins Tetragonolobus purpureas, Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin, and Arachis hypogaea and antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, and Tamm-Horsfall protein) were used to differentiate epithelial structures within the tumor. Antibodies against vimentin, desmin, and muscle-specific actin were used as mesenchymal markers. A monoclonal antibody to the long (embryonic) form of polysialic acid (PSA) on the neural cell adhesion molecule was used as a putative renal oncodevelopmental marker. An antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen also was applied, which revealed increased proliferative rate in cellular CMNs. In addition to clearly entrapped native renal tubules, CMNs contain tubular structures with immature, dysplastic epithelium and occasional epithelial cell clusters embedded deep within the tumor. These immature tubules and clusters express distal nephron, including collecting duct markers and, occasionally, vimentin and PSA. We propose that these primitive tubules and epithelial structures may originate from the ureteric bud. An epithelial differentiation of the tumor cells also is possible. In one pure cellular CMN and two mixed CMNs the cellular component showed diffuse staining for PSA. The PSA (neural cell adhesion molecule) expression of the cellular component suggests that CMN may originate from the uninduced nephrogenic mesenchyme.

Child↗
PubMed1993

The use of sandpaper in chemical peeling combined with dermabrasion of the face.

The combined use of chemical peel and dermabrasion of the face was widely accepted since the first reports of DuPont and Horton. We present a refinement of this combined method by introducing the use of a simple diathermy head cleaner (Surgikos, Inc) as a safer method of face abrasion. This disposable device, available at every surgical theater allows a better control of the abrasive tool, permits a more accurate depth of the abrasion, and reduces the incidence of unexpected complications in this combined technique.

Chemexfoliation↗
PubMed1993

Symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in an Italian school sample: findings of a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to complete a teacher questionnaire on a sample of children (N = 232) in nine fourth grade classes in schools in two regions of central Italy to assess the frequency of occurrence of symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the rates of probable cases in the sample. METHOD: Each ADHD symptom was rated by the teacher as either absent (0), sometimes present (1) or frequently present (2). RESULTS: Of the children 3.9% had eight or more DSM-III-R Criterion A symptoms of ADHD scored at a "frequent" level (score of 2) and were considered to be "likely cases" of ADHD; an additional 6.9% did not meet this threshold but had a total score of 16 or more on the scale and were considered to be "possible cases." CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the need for more systematic epidemiological investigations to evaluate the true prevalence of the syndrome and its risk factors in the Italian population.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1993

Immunological factors in milk from Brazilian mothers delivering small-for-date term neonates.

Breast milk samples from three groups of Brazilian women were evaluated: G1, mothers delivering term babies of low birth weight (n = 16); G2, mothers delivering preterm babies of appropriate birth weight (n = 20); G3, mothers delivering term babies of appropriate birth weight (n = 30). Milk samples were obtained at 48 h and on the 7th, 15th, 30th and 60th days after delivery and they were analyzed for lysozyme and total IgA levels and for the presence of specific antibodies against Poliovirus types I, II, III, Rotavirus, Herpes simplex virus, Varicella zoster and Cytomegalovirus. The groups were not statistically different in relation to mother's age, parity, type of delivery or socio-economic levels. IgA levels were higher in both low-birth-weight groups (G1 & G2) compared to the control group (G3) throughout the study period. Lysozyme levels decreased up to the 15th day, increasing thereafter up to the 60th day in all groups. Specific antibodies were detected throughout the study period, with no differences among groups. We conclude that breast milk composition of mothers delivering low-birth-weight babies (G1 & G2) was similar despite the different gestational ages.

Adolescent↗