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Biomedical subjects

A Watanabe

Publications and source records attributed to A Watanabe.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Primary culture of adult rat liver cells. III. Hormonal effects on cytological and biochemical properties of primary cultured cells.

The effect of various hormones on cytological and biochemical properties of cultured hepatic cells were investigated in order to obtain long-term survival of the hepatocytes with adult liver functions in primary culture. Insulin supplementation of the culture medium enhanced the attachemnt efficiency of cells in primary culture without affecting either maintenance of morphological characters of epithelial cells or retention of liver-specific functions in cultured cells. A combination of dexamethasone and insulin was apparently effective in stimulating the formation of a monolayer of polygonal cells with granular cytoplasm and in maintenance of liver-specific functions for relatively longer periods. Supplementation with either dexamethasone or hydrocortisone alone enhanced tyrosine aminotransferase activities in cultured cells for at least 4 days postinoculation. These steroid hormones also allowed growth of small epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm and maintenance of increased albumin production for 8 days after inoculation. The roles of these hormones in the primary culture of isolated hepatic cells are discussed in the present paper.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Demonstration of enzymatic activity converting azathioprine to 6-mercaptopurine.

The enzymatic conversion of azathioprine to 6-mercaptopurine was detected at pH 6.5 with rat liver supernatants, although the non-enzymatic reaction predominated at pH 7.0 and 7.5. Glutathione S-transferase may catalize this conversion. Activities of the enzyme in liver with both zathioprine and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene as substrate decreased upon carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury. These results may explain an ineffectiveness of azathioprine in patients with severe hepatic damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of polysulfone as a potential biomedical material.

In the course of preliminary screening of various potential biomaterials, polysulfone (PS) has been found to have good biocompatibility (1,2). This paper describes the detailed results of evaluation of PS by several methods. Although a number of screening programs for biomaterials have been published (3,4,5,6,), we used our own program in this experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Dysregulation of protein synthesis in injured liver. A comparative study on microsomal and cytosole enzyme activities, microsomal lipoperoxidation and polysomal pattern in D-galactosamine and carbon tetrachloride-injured livers.

Despite the presence of a marked decrease in liver protein content 48 h after a single injection of D-galactosamine, increased activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, low-Km hexokinase and pyruvate kinase type M2 were observed in the injured liver. Microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P-450 content in liver decreased significantly in 48 h of galactosamine treatment but not in the first 2 h in contrast with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) intoxication. The extents of those changes were not so great as in CCl4-treated rats. The disaggreation of polyribosomes in liver was observed in 24 h of galactosamine treatment. However, the formation of microsomal lipoperoxidation did not increase in the entire course of acute liver injury by the amino sugar. These results taken together with our previous observations indicate that the dysregulation of protein synthesis is an essential biochemical event of hepatocyte injury induced by treatment of rats with galactosamine as well as CCl4.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

alpha-Fetoprotein content in liver from rats following hepatotoxin administration and partial hepatectomy.

alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) contents in liver from hepatotoxin-treated or partially hepatectomized rats were quantitatively measured using a radioimmunoassay by freezing and thawing perfused-liver homogenate in Triton X-100 No significantly increased contents of AFP in injured or regenerating livers were found even with a marked increase in serum AFP concentrations of the treated rats, suggesting that AFP could be rapidly secreted into the circulation identically under the entirely different conditions. Increased contents of AFP in liver could be detected only in newborn rats with serum AFP concentrations of more than 10 microgram/ml.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Microsomal hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in injured liver.

Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD) in rat liver microsomes was clearly differentiated kinetically, immunologically and electrophoretically from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) localized in liver supernatants. Although the soluble G6PD activity increased upon liver injuries induced by CCl4 and thioacetamide, the H6PD activity decreased markedly 1-2 days following administrations of these hepatotoxins. The specific activity of H6PD remained fairly constant under other experimental conditions where the levels of the soluble G6PD activity increased.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1977

Stomach cancer of a 14-year-old boy with ataxia-telangiectasia.

A 14-year-old boy with ataxia-telangiectasis died of pneumonia, stomach cancer and its diffuse metastasis. The onset of walding gait was noticed from 3 years of age. Immune globulin including IgA was normal or slightly increased. Main autopsy findings were: old cancerous ulcer of 1.4 X 2.3 cm at the lesser curvature, and diffuse cancer infiltration over ulcer surface to serous membrane. The tumor was diagnosed histologically as adenocarcinoma tabulare mucocellulare.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1977

A case of minimal deviation hepatoma in man with elevated liver-type pyruvate kinase isozyme.

A surgical specimen of solitary, encapsulated tumor tissue obtained from a 52-year-old male, diagnosed histologically as well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (Grade II, Edmondson and Steiner) with liver cirrhosis, Type A' (and B is some parts), was found to have a supernormal level of pyruvate kinase Type L and subnormal level of Type M2; the activities (units/mg protein) being 1.21 and 0.12 respectively. The resulting isozyme pattern was apparently "superdifferentiated" as compared with those of not only the tumor-bearing, cirrhotic liver (Type L, 0.19; Type M2, 0.67) but also the normal liver (Type L, 0.47+/-0.05; Type M2, 0.18+/-0.02). The electrophoretic and kinetic properties of the type L isozyme were identical with those of the cirrhotic host liver and a non-cirrhotic control liver. Other enzyme levels in the hepatoma tissue were as follows: Glucose-6-phosphatase, norma; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, reduced; glucokinase, absent; and hexokinase Types I and III, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, slightly increased. The serum alpha-fetoprotein level was 95 ng/ml. The whole enzyme profile is consistent with the minimal deviation hepatomas in rats. The results were compared with those of other human hepatomas, and the mechanisms of disordered regulation in hepatoma gene expression were discussed.

Alanine↗