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Biomedical subjects

A Watanabe

Publications and source records attributed to A Watanabe.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Plasma free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in acute schizophrenics before and after treatment.

Plasma free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (pMHPG) was measured in 19 patients with acute schizophrenia before and after neuroleptic therapy. Plasma antinoradrenergic activity (pANA) of the neuroleptics used was measured after treatment. Before treatment, pMHPG was higher in the patients than in 20 normal controls. There was a positive correlation between pMHPG level and the global severity of positive symptoms. After neuroleptic therapy, pMHPG was reduced, and there was a significant correlation between the decline in pMHPG and the improvement in positive symptom score. The decline in pMHPG was also correlated with pANA. These results suggest that there is a dysfunction of the noradrenergic system in the brains of some acute schizophrenics with mainly positive symptoms, and that this dysfunction may be improved, along with positive symptom score, after neuroleptic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of anti-CD11a, anti-CD11b and anti-CD18 on histamine release from human basophils primed with IL-3.

This study was carried out to investigate the possible role of adhesion molecules in the histamine release from human basophils primed with recombinant IL-3 (rIL-3). Anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (0.1 microgram/ml) did not induce apparent histamine release by itself, however, remarkable histamine release was induced from rIL-3-primed human basophils triggered by anti-IgE. Bear-1 (anti-CD11b monoclonal antibody) inhibited the histamine release enhanced by rIL-3, however SPV-L7 (anti-CD11a monoclonal antibody) or CLB-LFA1/1 (anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody) did not inhibit the histamine release enhanced by rIL-3 at all. The present study suggests that alpha-chain of Mac-1 is involved in the priming effect of IL-3 to increase histamine release from human basophils.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

[Crystal morphological and habit investigations of crystalline drugs. I. Phenytoin].

Crystal morphology and crystal habit of phenytoin crystals were studied by the immersion method using a polarizing microscope. Several kinds of phenytoin materials, which had been confirmed to be lying on the same orientation by measuring key refractive indices, were photographed under crossed polars. The relationship between the patterns of retardation colors and the shapes of the phenytoin crystals were analyzed quantitatively using the chart indicating the relation of thickness to retardation colors, and concurrently several necessary facial angles were measured. On the basis of these results as well as edge angles measured under a microscope a stereographic projection was drawn finally, and an orthorhombic symmetry, an axial ratio and some facial angles were determined. Several kinds of crystal habits observed from the photographs were drawn by the classic crystallographic habit drawing method using the stereographic projection.

Crystallography↗
PubMed1992

Chest roentgenogram classification and clinical parameters in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

The relationship between the clinical parameters and chest film appearance was studied in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients with extended disease were often malnourished and had weak tuberculin reaction accompanied by lymphopenia. They excreted a large amount of mycobacterial bacilli and a longer period was required for negative conversion of sputum culture. We confirmed that the criteria for chest roentgenogram classification established by the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis ("Gakkai Classification") is useful in the estimation of the risk of infection and the prognosis of tuberculosis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Diffuse pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage in acute promyelocytic leukemia.

A 60-year-old male with acute promyelocytic leukemia demonstrated bilateral diffuse air-space consolidation on chest X-ray. An autopsy on the next day revealed pure pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage without leukemic infiltration or inflammation. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was confirmed microscopically. In severe hemorrhagic diathesis and leukopenia, it is impossible to distinguish pulmonary hemorrhage from pneumonia by X-ray alone. Bronchalveolar lavage may be the only possible diagnostic approach.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1992

The potential for the development of liver metastasis from alpha-fetoprotein-producing human gastric carcinomas in nude mice.

The potential for liver metastasis in addition to the transplantability and doubling time of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)-producing and non-AFP-producing human gastric carcinomas were studied in nude mice. The potential for liver metastasis was analyzed histopathologically from intrasplenic injections of tumor cell suspensions prepared from subcutaneous tumors. Tumor fragments prepared aseptically from 15 AFP-producing and 140 non-AFP-producing gastric cancers were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice with transplantability rates of 80% (12/15 cases) and 50% (70/140 cases), respectively. The mean tumor doubling times in the first generation were 10.6 days for AFP-producing and 13.2 days for non-AFP-producing gastric carcinomas. Serially transplantable tumor lines in nude mice were established from six AFP-producing and 10 non-AFP-producing carcinomas. When tumor cell suspensions prepared from the subcutaneous tumors were injected into spleens, all six AFP-producing carcinomas (two poorly differentiated and four tubular adenocarcinomas) but only four out of the 10 non-AFP-producing carcinomas (two poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, one mucinous carcinoma and one papillary adenocarcinoma) demonstrated a potential for liver metastasis. The results indicate AFP-producing gastric carcinomas to possess a higher potential for liver metastasis than do non-AFP-producing carcinomas, a distinguishing feature which thus reflects a poor prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[The production of hydrogen peroxide by neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus].

The production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) after stimulation with PMA, FMLP, aggregated IgG and phagocytosis were determined in 36 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The H2O2 production of PMN after the stimulation was measured using by flow cytometry. The patients were divided into four stages as follows: (1) non-microalbuminuric stage, (2) microalbuminuric stage, (3) proteinuric stage without impairment of renal function (less than 1.2 mg/dl of serum creatinine) and (4) proteinuric stage with impairment of renal function (more than 1.3mg/dl of serum creatinine). The H2O2 production after stimulation with PMA or phagocytosis was significantly higher in patients with NIDDM than normal controls. And also, there is the tendency of an increase in the H2O2 production after stimulation with FMLP or aggregated IgG. This increase of the H2O2 production was observed in all four stages of NIDDM patients after the stimulation, especially in patients with renal failure associated with diabetic nephropathy. These results suggest that reactive oxygen species produced by PMN after stimulation under various conditions may play an important role in the progression and exacerbation of diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed1992

[Respiratory tract infections in the elderly, advances and limitations in the diagnosis and treatment].

Advances and limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infections were discussed in relation to the prognosis of the elderly patients. Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the major pathogens in the community-acquired respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the major pathogens in the nosocomial respiratory tract infections. Detection of MRSA-PBP genes and antibiotic sensitivity tests are important for the diagnosis of MRSA. Vancomycin or arbekacin is the first-choice antibiotic for the treatment of severe infection caused by MRSA, and a combination therapy using one of the above agents and a partner antibiotic is necessary in some cases of MRSA infections. Reports concerning the significance of anaerobic bacteria in respiratory tract infections in Japan have been rare, presumably because procedures to recover anaerobic bacteria from specimens other than sputum, for example transtrancheal aspiration (TTA), bronchoscopic procedure and transcutaneous lung biopsy, are required for the diagnosis of the anaerobic respiratory tract infections. Nowadays, identification of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a prerequisit for the rapid diagnosis of CMV infection. Therefore attempts are being made to detect a specific substance, for example messenger RNA during the stage of reactivation of CMV. Prophylaxis as well as treatment is necessary for the control of acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract infections. In this regard, long-term administration of a small dose of erythromycin or new-quinolone is promising.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Respiratory infections associated with lung cancer].

We have analyzed the clinical significance of secondary infections associated with lung cancer patients. The incidence of secondary infections was 51.4% in 214 in-patients with lung cancer admitted to our institution in 1988 and 1989, and almost all of them had respiratory tract infections. The incidence was high in patients with cell types other than adenocarcinoma, and in those with hypoproteinemia, impaired cellular immunity and obstruction of the airway. The prognosis in patients with infection was much poorer than that in patients without infection. Major causative pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These pathogens except for H. influenzae were isolated at the terminal stage, in cases with airway obstruction and in post cancer-chemotherapeutic phase. The efficacy rate of 194 chemotherapeutic regimens against infection was 57.7%. Although the efficacy rate in 1988 and 1989 exceeded that in the 1970s, there was no significant difference in the efficacy rate between monotherapy (57.1%) and combined therapy (59.3%). The effectiveness was very poor for infections caused by P. aeruginosa and MRSA, or for cases with airway obstruction and marked impairment of pulmonary blood flow. The above results showed that a new combined therapy as well as the measures to improve the general condition of compromised hosts are required in the treatment of secondary infections in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prognostic assessment of fulminant hepatitis from indication criteria for liver transplantation.

The clinical outcome in 15 patients with fulminant hepatitis was predicted by the indication criteria for liver transplantation used in five different transplantation centers. Fifty-four to 100% of 13 fulminant hepatitis patients died who were fulfilled with these criteria for transplantation. Most of the patients died within five to nine days after the decision of liver transplantation was made. Takahashi's score of prognostic assessment for fulminant hepatitis decreased rapidly during the time when all the different criteria in transplantation centers were fulfilled. However, two survival cases with the acute type of fulminant hepatitis were incorrectly judged to be transplanted by the two criteria. The Cambridge's criterion for liver transplantation predicted the prognosis of fulminant hepatitis most correctly; sensitivity was 84.6% and specificity 100%.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Hyperamylasemia associated with lymphadenectomy in patients surgically treated for gastric cancer.

The influence of standard lymphadenectomy on the occurrence of damage to the pancreas was evaluated in 28 patients with gastric cancer, by analysing related serum and urine enzyme activities, pre- and postoperatively. Enzymatic evidence for pancreatic damage was related to the surgical procedure performed. Postoperatively, the patients treated by R2 gastrectomy had significantly increased levels of P-type amylase in the serum compared with findings in patients treated by R1 gastrectomy or bypass procedures. Conversely, the S-type amylase in both groups remained within normal limits during the study period. Pancreatic secretary trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) proved to be less sensitive to pancreas damage caused by lymphadenectomy. The R2 patients with P-type hyperamylasemia had no major postoperative complications. Thus, while the standard R2 gastrectomy may well be a relevant factor associated with the occurrence of transient P-type hyperamylasemia, there seems to be no relation to major postoperative complications such as pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Exposure of platelet fibrinogen receptors by a monoclonal antibody to the GPIIb-IIIa complex, PMA4.

We found that a monoclonal antibody to the glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa complex, PMA4, induces fibrinogen binding to platelets, and we examined the mechanism involved. Affinity chromatography and crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed that PMA4 recognized an epitope on the GPIIb-IIIa complex-specific domain. The binding of 125I-fibrinogen to platelets was induced by PMA4 in a concentration-dependent manner and was blocked by EDTA, RGDS peptides and an anti-GPIIb-IIIa monoclonal antibody, PMA1. Binding of the divalent antibody to the GPIIb-IIIa complex was necessary to induce fibrinogen binding and subsequent platelet aggregation, since Fab fragments, unlike PMA4 IgG and F(ab')2 fragments, did not induce fibrinogen binding or aggregation. The PMA4 IgG induced fibrinogen binding, serotonin secretion, and Ca2+ mobilization, whereas F(ab')2 induced fibrinogen binding only. In addition, F(ab')2-induced fibrinogen binding was not abolished in the presence of aspirin, H-7, a protein kinase C inhibitor, PGE1 or dibutyryl cyclic AMP. These results demonstrate that the binding of PMA4 divalent molecules to the GPIIb-IIIa complex can expose platelet fibrinogen receptors in the absence of the stimulatory effects of intracellular mediators on platelets. Thus, we conclude that the fibrinogen receptors on the GPIIb-IIIa complex can be exposed by direct action of the antibody on the complex molecules.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

[A study of arrhythmia following pulmonary operation in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma].

A total of 238 patients undergoing resection of lung cancer were studied for the occurrence of postoperative arrhythmia. Transient arrhythmia was observed in 43 of them (18.1%). Ninety-one percent of 43 patients developed atrial fibrillation (Af), even though no arrhythmia was noted on ECG in any patient preoperatively. Cardiac dysrhythmia occurred 5.2 +/- 3.8 days after operation and lasted for 1.3 +/- 0.9 days (mean +/- SD). There was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) in the incidence of postoperative arrhythmia between the male group (39/188 = 21%) and the female group (4/50 = 8%), however the cause of a difference is unknown. The incidence was higher in patients undergoing pneumonectomy than in those undergoing lobectomy. Patients, who suffered from postoperative arrhythmia, has significantly low values on pulmonary function test (FEV1.0% = 68.7%) preoperatively. The increased cardiac load after the reduction of the pulmonary vascular bed was regarded as the most important factor of arrhythmia. Prophylactic administration of digoxin was performed in another 61 male patients after resection of lung cancer. And it was found to be effective in decreasing the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (5/61 = 8%).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Manipulation, premedication, and chemoprophylaxis for fiberoptic bronchoscopy].

Manipulation, premedication, and chemoprophylaxis for fiberoptic bronchoscopy vary among institutions. We analyzed the actual conditions by means of a questionnaire distributed to 29 institutions. With regard to premedication, a combination of atropine sulfate and sedatives, such as hydroxyzine hydrochloride, was the most common method. In cases with heart disease and elderly subjects, a lower dosage or omission of atropine was common. In cases with marked anxiety, narcotics were prescribed. Bronchofiberscopic examination was performed under local anesthesia at all institutions. Lidocaine 4% was used for anesthesia of the orolarynx, and 2% was used for the tracheobronchus. For prophylaxis of infection, 19 of 29 institutions prescribed antibiotics routinely or under certain circumstances. ECG was used in 14 institutions, and percutaneous oxygen monitoring in 5 institutions. It is concluded that the manipulation and premedication for fiberoptic bronchoscopy vary between institutions. It is necessary to determine more efficacious and safer methods for fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical significance of respiratory infections associated with lung cancer patients].

An attempt was made to interpret the clinical significance of secondary infections associated with lung cancer. The incidence of secondary infections was 51.4% in 214 in-patients with lung cancer in our institution in 1988 and 1989, and almost all of them had respiratory infections caused by commonly encountered bacteria. The incidence of infection was high in lung cancer of cell types other than adenocarcinoma, and in those with hypoalbuminemia, impaired cellular immunity and obstruction of the airway. The prognosis in patients with infection was much poorer than that in patients without infection. Major pathogens responsible for infection were Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These pathogens, except for H. influenzae, were isolated in the terminal stage in cases with airway obstruction and post cancer chemotherapy. The efficacy rate of 194 therapeutic regimens against infection was 57.7%. It was thus found that the efficacy rate in 1988 and 1989 exceeded that in the 1970s. The effectiveness was very poor for infections caused by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and for cases with airway obstruction and marked impairment of pulmonary blood flow. The efficacy rate of single-drug regimens was 57.1% (80/140) and that of combined regimens was 59.3% (32/54). The above results indicate that a new combined therapy which includes a beta-lactam antibiotic as well as measures to improve the general health of compromised hosts are required in the treatment of secondary infections in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The evaluation of pre and intraoperative factors influencing the false lumen after graft replacement surgery to the extended dissecting aneurysm].

We evaluated the residual false lumen of type I and IIIb dissecting aneurysm by CT, MRI and angiography postoperatively. The 19 patients with type I dissecting aneurysm were included eleven men and eight women, the average age was 55.8 +/- 10.2 years old. The 20 patients with type IIIb dissecting aneurysm were included sixteen men and four women, the average age was 56.2 +/- 8.5 years old. The rate of distal patent false lumen was 52.6% of type I and 35% of type IIIb dissecting aneurysm after graft replacement surgery. In type I dissecting aneurysm, the rate of distal patent false lumen was 40% of acute stage vs 66.7% of chronic stage, 66.7% of ascending and partial arch replacement vs 46.2% of ascending and total arch replacement, and 90% of graft inclusion technique vs 11.1% of graft exclusion technique. The distal patent false lumen was the lowest (12.5%) with type I dissecting aneurysm of ascending and total arch replacement using graft exclusion technique. In type IIIb dissecting aneurysm, the rate of patent false lumen was 66.7% of acute stage vs 29.4% of chronic stage, 30% of graft exclusion technique vs 40% of graft inclusion technique. The size of false lumen preoperatively were larger (11.1 +/- 4.5 cm2) in patients with distal patent false lumen than that (6.7 +/- 3.2 cm2) of in patients with distal occlusive false lumen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Prophylactic use of antibiotics for fever following fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchography].

To evaluate the effect of bacampicillin hydrochloride on fever following fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchography, we conducted multi-institutional randomized study. In bronchographic examinations, the rise of body temperatures in the bacampicillin group (0.82 +/- 0.13 degrees C: mean +/- SE) was significantly smaller than that in the control group (1.39 +/- 0.25 degrees C) on the second day of examination. Bacterial infection may contribute to the rise of temperature on the day following bronchography, but no pneumonia or sepsis was observed. There was no differences in the rise of body temperature on the first, third or fourth day. In fiberoptic bronchoscopic examinations, there was no difference between the two groups. We conclude that there is no clinical indication of the value of prophylactic use of antibiotics in either fiberoptic bronchoscopy or bronchography.

Adult↗