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Biomedical subjects

A Walters

Publications and source records attributed to A Walters.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Opioid responsiveness in patients with neuroleptic-induced akathisia.

Five patients with either acute or tardive neuroleptic-induced akathisia (5 weeks to 1 1/2 years duration) were videotaped before, during, and after a 2-week trial of propoxyphene (Darvon), 100 mg q.i.d., or acetaminophen (Tylenol) with 30 mg codeine, two tabs, q.i.d. Three "blinded" observers, experienced in movement disorders, rated the involuntary movements shown on the videotapes and agreed that, on opioids, all patients showed substantial to complete improvement of their stereotyped restless akathitic movements. Matching placebo was not beneficial. One patient who had improved on opioids was challenged with naloxone while on the opioids. There was a brief but severe reactivation of the akathisia. Our results suggest that opioids offer a selective therapy for patients with neuroleptic-induced akathisia and further suggest that the endogenous opiate system may be involved in patients with neuroleptic-induced akathisia.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1986

Dyskinesias while awake and periodic movements in sleep in restless legs syndrome: treatment with opioids.

In five unrelated patients with the restless legs syndrome, opioid drugs relieved restlessness, dysesthesias, dyskinesias while awake, periodic movements of sleep, and sleep disturbances. When naloxone was given parenterally to two treated patients, the signs and symptoms of the restless legs syndrome reappeared. Naloxone placebo had no effect. Opioid medications may offer a useful therapy for the restless legs syndrome. The endogenous opiate system may be involved in the pathogenesis of the syndrome.

Drug Evaluation↗
PubMed1986

Dominantly inherited restless legs with myoclonus and periodic movements of sleep: a syndrome related to the endogenous opiates?

The restless legs syndrome is a sensory and motor disorder of evening, repose, and sleep. The cardinal features include (a) restlessness, which is frequently associated with (b) dysesthesias, (c) myoclonic jerks and other dyskinesias while awake, (d) periodic movements of sleep, and (e) sleep disturbances. We have recently had the opportunity to study two patients severely affected by this syndrome whose family histories are consistent with dominant inheritance. Both patients serendipitously discovered that their symptoms responded uniquely well to opiate medication. Both patients were studied extensively with electrophysiological and videotape monitoring, and their movements were characterized. In both patients, all elements of the syndrome responded to opiates, with marked relief of symptoms and without any significant side effects. The specific opiate antagonist naloxone blocked the therapeutic benefit of the opiates. Our findings support the involvement of the endogenous opiate system in the pathogenesis of restless legs and related dyskinesias and suggest that opiate therapy may be a potentially valuable treatment for this sometimes disabling syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Hydration and percutaneous absorption III: Influences of stripping and scalding on hydration alteration of the permeability of hairless mouse skin to water and n-alkanols.

The influence of hydration on the permeability of stripped and scalded skins of hairless mice was investigated in vitro using water and n-alkanols as test permeants. Irrespective of pretreatment, the permeation rates of water, methanol, and ethanol were unaffected by aqueous immersion of skin sections in a diffusion cell, consistent with earlier data on unprocessed skins. The permeation rates of butanol and hexanol also were insensitive to hydration, differing from earlier studies on normal, intact skin in which both solutes' rates doubled after 10 hr of soaking. Following both pretreatments, the permeability of octanol declined over the first 5-10 hr of maceration, but remained invariant thereafter. The decline was most pronounced for the scalded skins. With untreated skin, octanol permeability initially increased and then declined before assuming a constant value. This study indicates that the barrier properties of the epidermis and dermis are not particularly sensitive to extended hydration except in the case of octanol. Scalding at 60 degrees for 60 sec rapidly hydrates the skin, altering tissue permeability to about the same extent as a 10-hr (or longer) immersion in water at 37 degrees. Octanol's unique hydration profile is explained by locating the origin of permeability decline in tissue beneath the horny exterior of the skin.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1977

Effects of lorazepam on hyperactivity in ratarded children.

Seven mentally-retarded children, diagnosed as hyperactive, participated in a double-blind trial of the drug lorazepam (Ativan). Statistical analysis of the behavioural records showed that hyperactivity was typically greater during lorazepam than during placebo periods. The degree of hyperactivity was not systematically related to dosage level. The drug is therefore contraindicated for the control of hyperactivity in mentally retarded children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Travel medicine advice to UK based international motor sport teams.

BACKGROUND: International motor sport teams travel extensively. Over the years, the design and build of racing cars has improved so that morbidity and mortality in motor sport has been lessened. Those team members supporting the competitors need to be physically and mentally fit to perform complicated tasks, despite having traveled. This group of travelers has not been studied to any extent previously. METHOD: An anonymous questionnaire asking some basic travel medicine related questions was distributed to the support team members of a Rally team, and Formula One Grand Prix team. Both teams were based in the UK, and competed in all the rounds of their respective world championships. RESULTS: Ten Rally team members and 18 Formula One team members responded to the questionnaire. The results showed moderate coverage of commonly used vaccinations; appropriate use of antimalarials and insect repellents, but by no means by all team members; little or no problems with traveler's diarrhea; some tendencies to problems related to jet lag, but no real attempt to prevent the problem; and finally some attempt at skin protection against solar damage. CONCLUSION: Support teams are reasonably well prepared for the combination of, the rigors of frequent travel, and a demanding job. There is a deficit in vaccine coverage, especially of both hepatitis A and B, some education is needed in preventing skin problems later in life due to sun exposure, and further study of jet lag and its implications might be appropriate.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teaching or coaching?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Communication↗