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Biomedical subjects

A Wall

Publications and source records attributed to A Wall.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Primary care. From paper to practice.

The proposed size of primary care groups may prove problematic. Their creation will have bureaucratic consequences. Primary care groups' proposed accountability to three different organisations may lead to conflict. Their establishment will compound existing problems: increasing organisational complexity and conflicts between local discretion and central control.

Budgets↗
PubMed1998

Baby listening devices and apnoea monitors.

Two categories of monitor are available: baby listening devices, and specialist apnoea monitors. Baby listening devices are on the market in department stores, pharmacies and supermarkets. They cost in the range of approximately 20 Pounds-45 Pounds, and can be plugged in or portable. Though not a necessity on health or safety grounds, listening devices are popular with parents, who find them reassuring. Apnoea monitors are designed to sound an alarm if the baby stops breathing. They are generally only used in special circumstances, for example where there has been a previous cot death. Though parents can purchase an apnoea monitor direct from manufacturers, the monitors are more usually supplied when a baby is discharged from hospital and used under guidance from health professionals, e.g. through the Care of Next Infant (CONI) scheme.

Apnea↗
PubMed1997

Neonatal castration and adult responsiveness to testosterone in male rats: an interstrain comparison.

We have previously demonstrated that the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has a lower central nervous responsiveness to testosterone than its normotensive counterpart the Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY). The adult psychoendocrine response capacity depends on a neonatal testosterone surge. On that basis, we compared the effects of neonatal endocrine manipulation on the adult responsiveness to testosterone in the SHR, WKY, and yet another breed of Wistar (Wi) male rats. Interstrain differences in testosterone-induced copulatory behavior at three different doses of testosterone propionate (TP) were investigated. Neonatal treatments were as follows: TP (0.25 mg/animal) given on postnatal days (PND) 0, 2, and 4 (SHR and Wi only) or castration PND 0, 10, or 50. Neonatal TP treatment impaired copulatory performance in the adult SHR but not in the Wi. Neonatal castration improved the responsiveness to TP in the SHR but less so in WKY, whereas no evident effects were seen in the Wi. No significant interstrain differences in plasma testosterone were observed 2, 6-12, or 24 h postpartum. The demonstrated interstrain differences suggest not only that the adult responsiveness to testosterone is established on the basis of the neonatal gonadal secretion as such but that this secretion is kept to an optimal level with respect to subsequent hormone-sensitive mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effects of the total extract and fractions of Hypericum perforatum in animal assays for antidepressant activity.

A commercially available extract of the aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum, LI 160, showed pronounced activity in selected animal bioassays. These include the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test, used to determine antidepressant activity, and tests indicating activity on the central nervous system, such as body temperature and ketamine induced sleeping time. The counteracting effects of drugs known to interfere with the central dopaminergic system strongly suggested that dopamine mediated activity is important for the activity of the extract. Dose-response experiments of the total extract and of fractions rich in flavonoids and napthodianthrones produced inverted U-shaped dose response curves.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Difference in testosterone sensitivity in male spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY).

The effects of castration and testosterone substitution on copulatory behavior and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) concentrations in the lateral septum (LS) were compared in the male spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and its normotensive counterpart, the Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY). The copulatory behavior was attenuated in the intact SHR and remained for a shorter time after castration than in the WKY males. A higher dose (1 mg/kg) of testosterone propionate (TP) was required in the castrated SHR to reestablish the copulatory behavior compared to the WKY (0.5 mg/kg). Following castration the main decline of AVP concentrations occurred over a period of 28 days. On postcastrational day 14, a time when approximately 50% of the initial AVP concentration remained, the decrease in the LS AVP content of the SHR surpassed that of the WKY. A dose-dependent increase of the AVP concentrations was achieved after 3 weeks of TP treatment (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, SC), which commenced 28 and 56 days after castration. The increase of AVP concentrations in the LS after a submaximal dose of TP (0.5 mg/kg) was less in the SHR than in the WKY. It is concluded that the gonadal hormone control of the copulatory behavior and AVP content in the terminal fields of the LS is characterised by a lower sensitivity in the SHR compared to the WKY. The data suggest that the low responsiveness to testosterone in the SHR comprises hypothalamic as well as extrahypothalamic neurons.

Animals↗