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Biomedical subjects

A W Sugar

Publications and source records attributed to A W Sugar.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

A study of the accuracy of predicted soft tissue changes produced by a computer software package (COG 3.4) in a series of patients treated by the Le Fort I osteotomy.

This study was performed to compare soft tissue movements resulting from a series of Le Fort I osteotomies with those predicted for the same cases by means of a computerised software package (COG 3.4). The source material consisted of serial lateral cephalometric radiographs for 25 consecutive patients that had received similar Le Fort I osteotomies primarily to correct an antero-posterior skeletal discrepancy. Generally it was found that many of the digitised points on the facial profile were surprisingly well predicted. In addition, the chin and profile changes resulting from mandibular auto-rotation also were reasonably well predicted. However, in a number of cases prediction was less consistent and this was particularly true in the region of the nose and lips. In such instances, initial size, thickness and the existing morphology of the soft tissues appeared to be important factors. The tendency of the software occasionally to 'cross-over' the plots for the upper and lower lip profile made the judgement in this area of predicted profile change difficult in some cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Augmentation of the atrophic maxillary alveolar ridge with hydroxyapatite granules in a Vicryl (polyglactin 910) knitted tube and simultaneous open vestibuloplasty.

A modified technique for augmentation of the severely atrophic edentulous maxillary alveolar ridge is described. The augmentation was carried out using a knitted polyglactin 910 mesh tube filled with porous hydroxyapatite granules, the tube being inserted through the access achieved by an open vestibuloplasty. The results of an in-vivo animal study showed that the absorption of the mesh was complete between 49 and 70 days. The clinical study included 11 patients in all of whom there was severe maxillary ridge atrophy and major prosthetic problems; follow-up was for a mean of 25 months. The procedure was without significant complication and produced a mean immediate absolute augmentation of 5.5 mm and substantially increased vestibular depth. A gradual reduction of ridge height was found over time. Nevertheless all patients showed significantly increased ability to wear their dentures. The technique is presented as a safe and predictable alternative to the use of bone grafts and titanium implants in these severely atrophic cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Pathological fractures of the mandible: a diagnostic and treatment dilemma.

Pathological fractures of the facial bones are relatively rare. Four pathological mandibular fractures are presented and the difficulty in diagnosing the underlying cause and the dilemma of treatment choice are discussed with a review of the literature. The authors found the incidence of pathological fractures of the facial bones in their series was 0.47%. Biopsy followed by rigid internal fixation, preferably with an AO reconstruction plate bridging the area of pathology after its removal, permits normal function and allows good and undisturbed healing which will inevitably be prolonged in such cases.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

Condylar hyperplasia causing progressive facial asymmetry during orthodontic treatment--a case report.

Condylar hyperplasia is defined and its aetiology and prevalence are briefly reviewed. A case is presented to illustrate how the progressive nature of the condition can create problems for the clinician, particularly during orthodontic treatment of a child or adolescent patient. The benefits of interceptive surgery are illustrated, although such an approach does not necessarily mean that further surgery is avoided at the completion of growth.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of oral squamous cell carcinoma in younger and older patients in India.

This study examines the demographic, aetiological and clinico-pathological features of 37 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who were less than 35 years old and a comparable number of patients who were greater than 60 years old. The study was undertaken at the Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India, between 1988 and 1990. In patients younger than 35 years old, oral SCC occurred more commonly in females, was apparent in all social classes and was associated with fewer aetiological factors. The tumours manifested predominantly as invasive lesions affecting the tongue and there was early spread to lymph nodes. By contrast, in patients older than 60 years of age, oral SCC was more common in males, occurred more frequently in social classes III and IV and was always seen in association with smoking, alcohol or pan chewing. These latter tumours presented as exophytic lesions of the buccal mucosa or gingivae and spread late to lymph nodes. The results indicate that the biological behaviour of oral SCC in young patients may be distinct from that occurring in older patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Titanium mesh in orbital wall reconstruction.

Successful use of titanium mesh sheets in the reconstruction of orbital wall defects of up to 2.5 x 2.5 cm following trauma and followed up for a mean of 24 months is demonstrated. This material is especially useful in orbital floor and medial wall blow-out fractures, and is a valuable additional material for use in maxillofacial reconstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

An orbital observation chart.

Retrobulbar haemorrhage is a rare complication of trauma or surgery involving the orbit or periorbital region. Permanent blindness may result if early diagnosis is not made and treatment carried out. A simple scheme of orbital observations to aid early diagnosis of this complication and other sequelae of orbital trauma and surgery has been used at St Lawrence Hospital since 1983.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Surgical ciliated (postoperative maxillary) cysts following mid-face osteotomies.

Surgical ciliated (postoperative maxillary) cysts have been reported extensively as occurring 6 months to 50 years after radical surgery for maxillary sinusitis. Three cases are presented in which these aggressive cysts occurred 3 to 4 years after Le Fort I, II and III mid-face osteotomies. The presentation, treatment and possible aetiology are discussed and some attempt made to clarify the descriptive terms used in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Late management of cleft lip and palate problems: a joint orthodontic/surgical approach.

Three patients are presented from a larger case series of adolescent cleft lip and palate patients to illustrate a combined approach to the treatment of severe facial and dentoalveolar discrepancy. The following treatment regime was employed: orthopaedic expansion of the maxillary dentoalveolus; tertiary bone grafting of the alveolar cleft; upper and lower dental arch alignment and decompensation; and orthognathic surgery to correct the skeletal defect by means of a maxillary single unit advancement. The advantages of tertiary grafting (when secondary grafting has not been carried out) in the orthodontic and surgical management of these patients is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Production of high quality ground sections of bone containing metal implants to demonstrate osseo-integration: a simplified method.

A simple method is described for examining bone-titanium implant relationship using a modified embedding technique. The method involves complete dehydration with acetone prior to infiltrating and embedding in methyl methacrylate supplemented with dibutylphthalate. Slow polymerisation is initiated with benzoyl peroxide, allowed to progress at room temperature and completed at 56 degrees C. Using this method the apparent complete apposition of bone to the titanium fixture surface has been successfully demonstrated.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1986

Calcium oxalate crystals in a nasolabial cyst.

To our knowledge, this is the first report of calcium oxalate crystals in a cyst of the oral cavity. No underlying systemic disorder could be identified. It is proposed that this represents a dystrophic process, possibly related to inflammation, although the mechanism of the crystal formation is uncertain.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The management of dental extractions in cases of thrombasthenia complicated by the development of isoantibodies to donor platelets.

Two cases of thrombasthenia, a rare hereditary disorder of platelet function, are presented. The oral surgical and dental management of these cases is discussed in the light of the development of isoantibodies to transfused platelets in one of the cases and in another case encountered. The problems of obtaining donor platelets matched for platelet and HL-A antigens are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the use of local hemostatic measures and antifibrinolytic agents in the management of hemorrhage in this disorder and the avoidance of platelet transfusions as far as possible. Conservative dentistry and early preventive dental advice are considered desirable in order to avoid extractions.

Adolescent↗