Biomedical subjects

A W Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to A W Jackson.

45 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Oral folic acid versus placebo in the treatment of males with the fragile X syndrome.

A double-blind, crossover study of a 10 mg folic acid per day (vs. placebo) treatment was carried out in 25 fra(X) males (ages 1-31 years). Each treatment period lasted 6 months. Before, during and after the study, the patients were assessed blindly with psychological, language and behavioral evaluations, and parent or caretaker reports were collected. Standardized testing did not show statistically significant changes in the group as a whole; psychological testing demonstrated a statistically significant improvement on folic acid in the prepubertal males. After uncoding, caretaker or parent reports also demonstrated behavioral improvements in the prepubertal males while being treated with folic acid.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An analysis of autism in fifty males with the fragile X syndrome.

Fifty males with the fragile X [fra(X)] syndrome, which we consider synonymous with the Martin-Bell syndrome, were identified by a chromosome analysis of patients with developmental delays or mental retardation and family studies of known fra(X) pedigrees. These males were evaluated for autism using three criteria: 1) the DSM III diagnostic criteria for Infantile Autism; 2) the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC); and 3) the Diagnostic Checklist for Behavior Disturbed Children, Form E2. Sixteen percent of patients fulfilled all of the DSM III criteria for Infantile Autism and an additional 30% fulfilled criteria for Infantile Autism Residual State. Thirty-one percent of patients had autism using the ABC checklist but none of the patients fit the classical Kanner syndrome as described by the E2 questionnaire. Some autistic traits were seen in almost all of the 50 fra(X) patients, including eye avoidance in 90%, handflapping, handbiting or handstereotypies in 88%, and language delays with language peculiarities, usually echolalic speech, in 96%. A pervasive lack of responsiveness was seen in 18% at their present age and in 44% in earlier childhood only. Autistic symptoms are common in the fra(X) syndrome. Therefore, any patient with developmental delays and autism or autistic manifestations should have a chromosomal analysis, including fra(X) examination.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Autism in fragile X females.

We present two women with the fragile X syndrome (Martin-Bell syndrome) and autism. Both are mentally retarded, one mildly and one severely. Cytogenetic studies showed a high percentage of lymphocytes with the fragile X chromosome and inactivation occurring preferentially in the normal X chromosome. Autism is shown to be a severe behavioral and cognitive manifestation of the fragile X syndrome in females.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Exercise during pregnancy and type of delivery in nulliparae.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between participation in aerobic exercise during the first two trimesters of pregnancy and type of delivery in nulliparous women. DESIGN: Nonexperimental, retrospective. SETTING: A large metropolitan area in the southwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS: 137 nulliparous women. OUTCOME MEASURES: Method of delivery. RESULTS: An unadjusted odds ratio showed that sedentary women (n = 93) were 2.05 times more likely to deliver via cesarean section than active women (n = 44), but this relationship was not statistically significant. Through logistic regression analysis with control for the mother's prepregnancy exercise program, age, use of epidural anesthesia, change in prepregnancy to delivery body mass index, labor length, whether labor was induced, and the hospital of birth, the odds of cesarean delivery were found to be 4.5 times greater for sedentary women than for active women. CONCLUSION: Regular participation in physical activity during the first two trimesters of pregnancy may be associated with reduced risk for cesarean delivery in nulliparous women.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Feeding stoma surgery on a nutritional support service.

Thirty patients undergoing feeding stoma operation over a 2 1/2 yr period were managed by the nutritional support service. The policy of preoperative nutritional support of these generally ill and malnourished patients contributed to operative survival and discharge from the hospital for 23 patients; only one death 21 days postoperatively was directly attributable to the feeding stoma procedure. Nonfatal complications of the surgery occurred in nine cases, and required reoperation in three instances. Early stoma use was the rule, and there were 10 documented cases of long-term stoma use averaging 14 months. Three-month survival of 19 patients (63%), and six-month survival of 13 patients (43%) along with early discharge from the hospital for most patients attest to efficacy and ease of stoma use. An essential feature contributing to diminished postoperative problems was prestoma surgery nutritional support. Continuity of feeding stoma planning and patient care may be best achieved when a nutritional support service is involved through the entire course of management.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Concentric and eccentric torque comparisons for knee extension and flexion in young adult males and females using the Kinetic Communicator.

The purposes of this investigation were to establish average leg torque values as a proportion of body weight for both concentric and eccentric contractions for leg extension and leg flexion, to determine leg flexion/extension ratios for both concentric and eccentric contractions, and to compare those values in males and females from ages 15 to 34 years. The Kinetic Communicator (Kin-Com, Chattecx Corp., Chattanooga, TN), a relatively new computerized strength testing device, was used so that both concentric and eccentric torques could be measured. Pilot study results indicated that Kin-Com results were reliable, r greater than 0.88. Average torque, across the full range of motion, and peak torque expressed in newton meters were divided by body weight in kilograms to produce torque values adjusted by body weight. No differences across age or sex were observed for flexion/extension ratios, but the males' weight-adjusted torque values were significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than the females'. Younger (ages 15 to 24 years) male and female subjects produced significantly (P less than 0.01) greater torque for concentric contractions than older subjects (25 to 34 years). In rehabilitation programs using the Kin-Com, the weight-adjusted torque values and flexion/extension ratios will be useful in determining patients' strength recovery from knee or leg injury and/or surgery.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

KT-1000 arthrometer: conscious and unconscious test results using 15, 20, and 30 pounds of force.

A recent published report indicated that the reliability and validity of anterior laxity measurements obtained by using the KT-1000 arthrometer were questionable. The purpose of our study was to examine the diagnostic validity of anterior laxity measurements testing patients in conscious and unconscious states using the KT-1000 arthrometer at 15, 20, and 30 pounds of force. The sample included 68 patients with confirmed anterior cruciate ligament disruption. They were given anterior-posterior drawer tests at 20 degrees in both unconscious and conscious states; measurements were recorded at 15, 20, and 30 pounds of force. The results indicated that the measurements in the unconscious state were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than the values obtained in the conscious state. The anterior cruciate ligament-disrupted knees produced significantly higher (P less than 0.01) anterior laxity. The difference between anterior cruciate ligament-disrupted knees and normal knees grew significantly larger (P less than 0.01) as force increased. More patients demonstrated a difference greater than 2 mm between anterior cruciate ligament-disrupted knees and normal knees at 30 pounds (81% to 83%) than at 20 pounds (64% to 72%) of force. Seventy-nine percent of the patients demonstrated a compliance index difference greater than 1 mm using 15 and 30 pounds between the normal and anterior cruciate ligament-disrupted knee. These data provide statistical validity for the compliance index and support for the use of anterior laxity measurements at 30 pounds of force. However, approximately 20% of these patients did not demonstrate an anterior cruciate ligament-disrupted-normal knee difference greater than 2 mm or a compliance index difference of greater than 1 mm.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Arthroscopy of the knee. Ten-day pain profiles and corticosteroids.

A prospective study was conducted to determine 10-day pain and analgesic use profiles of outpatients after arthroscopic surgery of the knee and to examine the effects of oral corticosteroid use on analgesic intake, perceived pain, and functional outcomes. Sixty-two patients who underwent a variety of arthroscopic procedures of the knee were matched on level of injury and surgical repair, and were assigned to two groups. The experimental group received a standard dosage of oral postoperative corticosteroids. The placebo group received the same dosage of a placebo (sugar pill). Both groups received the same prescription of an analgesic for pain relief after surgery. Results indicated that there were no significant differences for any dependent variables between the experimental and placebo groups. There were significant (P < 0.001) decreases in analgesic use and perceived pain throughout the 10 days. Conclusions were that most patients who have undergone arthroscopic surgery of the knee perceive pain at low levels, use limited amounts of analgesics, and return to work within a week. The addition of oral corticosteroids does not influence this profile.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Polyestradiol phosphate: a preliminary evaluation of its effect on breast carcinoma.

The effect of polyestradiol phosphate (Estradurin), a long-acting estrogen preparation given im, was assessed in 24 elderly postmenopausal patients with stage II or III primary or recurrent breast carcinoma. Although the drug has been available for many years, there has been no report in the literature of its use in treating breast carcinoma. The results of this study show that a total of 17 of 24 (70.8%) patients had evidence of tumor regression lasting a minimum of 3 months, while in 14 (58.3%) patients regression was maintained for greater than or equal to 6 months. Seven patients had complete (100%) tumor regression. Side effects were almost nonexistent and the agent has been shown to be effective, with good patient acceptability and guaranteed administration. It could be considered as an alternative to oral estrogen therapy where patient compliance is poor and gastrointestinal side effects are severe enough that patients often request a change of treatment.

Aged↗