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Biomedical subjects

A W Clare

Publications and source records attributed to A W Clare.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Design, development and use of a standardized interview to assess social maladjustment and dysfunction in community studies.

A standardized social interview, designed to assess social maladjustment and dysfunction is described. The interview is composed of items grouped under the 3 headings of Material conditions, Social management and Satisfaction. Ratings are made on a 4-point scale by interviewers standardized in its use. The interview, which takes approximately 45 minutes to administer, covers housing, finance, occupation, social and leisure activities, and relationships with significant individuals in the subject's life. The inter-rater reliability is assessed and principal component analyses performed, and the results of these are provided and dicussed. Various methods of scoring are examined and the use of the schedule in a number of studies in the setting of general practice is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Cycloid psychosis: an investigation of the diagnostic concept.

Seventy-three patients with the features of 'cycloid psychosis', adopted from Perris and Leonhard, were identified from case records. Information concerning background, presenting illness and follow-up was compared with that from the case-records of patients with schizophrenic, affective and schizoaffective psychoses. The characteristic features of 'cycloid psychosis' were a female predominance and a remittent course. The 'cycloid' group resembled the conventional groups in some respects, but differences from schizophrenic, affective and, to a lesser extent, schizoaffective groups were also striking. The factors which might account for the apparent independence of the 'cycloid' group from other diagnostic categories are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Treatment or torture.

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Electroconvulsive Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Platelet MAO activity in subtypes of alcoholics and controls in a homogenous population.

The level of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity has been found to vary between alcoholics and healthy controls and between subtypes of alcoholics, in different populations. This study measured the MAO activity in a group of 46 abstinent alcohol dependent subjects and 22 healthy non-alcoholic controls, male and female, in an ethnically homogenous Irish population. The healthy control subjects had a mean MAO activity of 0.27 pmol/hr/10(5) platelets (+/- SEM 0.03), while the alcoholics overall had a mean activity of 0.34 pmol/hr/10(5) platelets (+/- 0.03) and this difference was not significant, P = 0.2. When the alcoholic group was divided into subtypes of alcoholism, (type 1 and type 2) there was no difference between subtypes of alcoholics nor between each subtype and the controls in their MAO activity. There was no correlation between MAO activity and the age of the subjects, the duration of abstinence from alcohol, the severity of alcoholism, smoking status or the gender of the subjects. These data are discussed in the context of the current literature on alcoholism and platelet MAO in different ethnic populations and the status of platelet MAO as a potential marker for alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between psychopathology and the menstrual cycle.

Higher rates of mental ill-health, particularly mood disorder, have been reported in women compared to men and this discrepancy has been attributed to underlying biological changes associated with the menstrual cycle. The literature relating to psychiatric ill-health and the premenstrual syndrome is, accordingly, critically evaluated and the evidence favouring a causal role for menstrual cycle changes in the genesis of such ill-health is briefly reviewed. A simple model of causation attributing psychiatric-ill-health to hormonal variation in the menstrual cycle is eschewed in favour of a multifactorial model which assumes an interaction between hormonal and hormonally-related changes in the premenstruum, basic personality and social dissatisfactions, adverse life circumstances, and interpersonal stresses.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suicide in Ireland 1945-1992: social correlates.

Previous studies on suicide in Ireland have concentrated on the reliability of official suicide rates and there is a general consensus of opinion that there has been a genuine doubling of suicide in Ireland over the last two decades. The present study supports the view that there has been a true rise in Irish suicide rates and aims to examine some of the socio-demographic factors which might explain this rise. Indicators of anomie and lower integration in society were found to be associated with increased numbers of suicides. However, the relationship between suicide and other forms of personal violence is more complex.

Adolescent↗