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Biomedical subjects

A W Clare

Publications and source records attributed to A W Clare.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Serum thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in alcohol-dependent patients with and without depression.

Forty-one patients with DSM-III alcohol dependence syndrome were studied, as were 30 patients with major depression and 20 healthy controls. Nineteen of the alcohol-dependent patients had depressive symptoms. All subjects underwent a TRH/TSH stimulation test. Fifty percent of the alcohol-dependent patients without depression had a blunted response, while 52% of patients with depression were similarly blunted. The overall rate of blunting in the non-alcoholic major depressives was 26%. Blunting in the alcoholics was not associated with a personal or family history of affective disorder. Furthermore the blunted response in recently detoxified alcoholics was of no prognostic significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gender and age differences in the growth hormone response to pyridostigmine.

Thirty healthy subjects 12 males and 18 females were given the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor pyridostigmine (120 mg) orally. The growth hormone (GH) response was measured as the maximum GH level post-pyridostigmine relative to baseline. Twenty-six subjects increased their GH level in response to pyridostigmine. Responses in females were considerably greater than those in males and correlated closely with serum oestradiol levels. Overall there was a significant negative correlation between GH response and age.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The alcohol problem in universities and the professions.

Over the past few decades the belief has grown that the drinking habits of medical students and doctors are abnormal. The literature on the subject is, however, equivocal. Some studies suggest that medical drinking is not particularly excessive. Others indicate that it is when compared with the general population but not when compared with the drinking rates and patterns of comparable professional groups. Medical student drinking is often analysed without reference to that of other young adult groups and university students. However, the growing concern about medical drinking has stimulated a number of 'impaired physician' treatment programmes designed, implemented and monitored by the profession itself. Preliminary results suggest that such programmes achieve impressive therapeutic results and contain useful indicators relating to therapeutic efficacy which may well have wider application.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1990

Symptoms and social adjustment in Jewish depressives.

In 25 Jewish and 26 non-Jewish depressives resident in Hackney, the PSE revealed that 'hypochondriasis' and 'tension' were more common in the Jewish group, and special features of depression, containing symptoms connected with guilt, was less common. These differences could not be explained by variation in severity of illness as both groups had similar scores on the HRSD. The 'social maladjustment' scores were similar, very probably reflecting an elderly, deprived, inner-city population.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1989

The treatment of premenstrual syndrome.

Premenstrual syndrome is commonly found among GP female attenders of childbearing age. This article discusses the main types of drug therapies used to treat premenstrual syndrome. Guidelines are also given on the management of these patients incorporating nondrug treatments such as behavioural methods and supportive counselling for associated psychosocial difficulties.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Psychotic illness following termination of pregnancy.

A case of a psychotic illness following an induced termination of pregnancy is described; this is discussed in relation to the literature on the subject, and possible aetiological factors in the case are reviewed.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1987

Depressive disorder in primary care.

Since the pioneering study of psychiatric morbidity in primary care by Shepherd et al in 1966, it has become increasingly apparent that a substantial proportion (between 20% and 25%) of patients consulting their GP are suffering from some form of psychiatric disturbance (Goldberg & Blackwell, 1970; Hoeper et al, 1979). The composition of this psychiatric morbidity has been shown to be almost wholly affective in nature and largely mild in degree. In their important review Jenkins & Shepherd (1983) recently summarised the now extensive findings relating to overall minor psychiatric morbidity in primary care. However, recent collaborative studies between psychiatrists and GPs have identified that within this dilute pool of minor disorders, lurks a significant but poorly served population of patients suffering from depressive disorders which are by no means minor in degree. A number of crucial issues regarding this depression in primary care emerge which the present paper aims to review. In particular, how common is it, and how severe? How does it present and what, if any, are its special characteristics? What is the precise relationship between depressive symptoms and depressive illness presenting to the GP and what is the relationship between physical illness and depression? And finally, what is the course and outcome of depression in this setting and what are the indications for and effect of treatment?

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hormones, behaviour and the menstrual cycle.

To date therefore, no consistent hormonal abnormality has been linked with premenstrual affective, physical or behavioural changes and, in turn, no consistent adverse behaviour has been positively linked with any particular menstrual cycle phase. At the same time, the proportion of actively menstruating women reported to identify premenstrual changes of a severity sufficient to warrant the illness label continues to fall so that a figure somewhere between 2 and 8% seems to be established where once figures in excess of 70% were claimed. The implication would seem to be that more thorough assessment of the relatively small number of women who are clearly identifiable as sufferers from cyclically-mediated symptoms might well cast light on possible hormonal-behavioural links where larger, less careful studies of heterogeneous samples of women have failed to do so. The great majority of women appear to negotiate the premenstrual phase of their menstrual cycles with little or no impairment or difficulty. A small number appear to be vulnerable and the possibility that it is, at least in part, a biological vulnerability is hinted at in those reports which tentatively suggest that some women who are especially prone to post-partum 'blues' and who are particularly sensitive to oral contraceptives may be especially prone to premenstrual tension. Finally, the ubiquity of premenstrually perceived 'changes' as distinct from 'symptoms' raises the possibility that the extent to which a woman experiences various premenstrual changes as complaint or illness may depend 'more on her basic personality and the circumstances in which she experiences the cyclical changes than on the underlying cyclical mechanism'.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Achievement↗
PubMed1985

The construction, development and testing of a self-report questionnaire to identify social problems.

The construction and testing of a short self-report questionnaire identifying social problems, difficulties and dissatisfactions is described. The questionnaire covers housing, occupation, finance, social and leisure activities, child/parent and martial relationships, relationships with relatives, friends, neighbours and workmates, and legal problems. The results of the administration of the questionnaire in a number of settings are provided and discussed, and a final version is included in the Appendix.

Employment↗
PubMed1985

Premenstrual syndrome: single or multiple causes?

The numerous theories of causation of Premenstrual Syndrome have been reviewed. These range from biological to environmental hypotheses. As yet, no clear cut organic or psychological explanation has been found to explain this complicated syndrome. Findings to date suggest that this condition may be the final stage of multiple and interacting social, psychological and biological factors.

Body Constitution↗