Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A W Baker.
A case of lingual thyroid is described. This is unusual in that the entire tongue substance appears to contain thyroid tissue which is revealed graphically in the radioisotope scans. The literature is reviewed regarding the incidence and diagnosis of lingual thyroid with possible treatment options discussed.
Of 2019 men and women (aged 15 years and over) interviewed as part of a MORI Survey of a nationally representative sample of Great Britain, 10% reported that they had been sexually abused before the age of 16 (12% of females; 8% of males). There was no increased risk associated with specific social class categories or area of residence. For all types of sexual abuse, the mean age of victims when first abused was significantly lower for females. Subjective reports of the effects of sexual abuse indicated that the majority (51%) felt harmed by the experience, while only 4% reported that it had improved the quality of their life. We estimate that there are over 4.5 million adults in Great Britain who were sexually abused as children, and that a potential 1,117,000 children will be sexually abused before they are 15 years of age. At least 143,000 of these will be abused within the family. The social and mental health implications are enormous, and the authors suggest that an effective intervention and prevention policy is urgently required.
It is the responsibility of nurse educators to be knowledgeable regarding the culture of clients and to provide this information to students via relevant classroom and clinical experiences. The nurse educator must provide more than superficial classroom time to the topic of cultural diversity if she/he wants to facilitate students' learning of this content. This pilot study has indicated that the responses selected by black clients when adapting to stressful situations reflect the influence of cultural variables. Recognizing the importance of cultural influences is important because stress can have a debilitating effect on the individual. Nursing interventions to decrease the stress can be effective if the interventions exemplify the cultural background of the client. Knowledge of these variables is attained from curricula which embody and emphasize the cultural uniqueness of individuals.
Radionuclide scans are relatively accurate, non-invasive, diagnostic tools when used in patients with carcinoma of the lung with clinically suspected metastases. Their role as a screening or staging procedure in patients without signs or symptoms of metastases is less clear. Brain scans in asymptomatic patients have a low yield. Liver scans done in the absence of hepatomegaly or elevated liver function tests show a high per cent of false-negative and negative results. Bone scans appear to be of considerable value in patients with or without clinical evidence of metastases, in spite of limitations imposed by frequent false-positive results.
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