Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Vital

Publications and source records attributed to A Vital.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Morphological findings on peripheral nerve biopsies in 15 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

A peripheral nerve biopsy was performed in 15 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and polyneuropathy. Two cases [1 asymptomatic, 1 AIDS-related complex (ARC)] presented with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy; there was 1 case (asymptomatic) of mononeuropathy multiplex and 12 cases (1 asymptomatic, 1 ARC, 10 AIDS) with distal symmetrical polyneuropathy. Epi- or endoneurial microvasculitis was observed in 6 cases. Electron microscopy showed that nerve fiber lesions were mainly axonal. Severe segmental demyelination was also present in both cases of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, with characteristic features of active demyelination in one. Numerous plasmacytoid cells were found in the endoneurium in 4 patients. Tubuloreticular inclusions were present in endothelial cells in the 10 cases with AIDS but absent in the other patients. Direct immunopathological examination with anti-immunoglobulin sera was negative in all cases. HIV was evidenced by in situ hybridization in 2 AIDS patients; no Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus was detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Occurrence of polyglucosan bodies in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Massive occurrence of polyglucosan bodies (PBs) was found within the surgically removed temporal lobe of a 34 year old woman with complex partial seizures. This peculiar feature is very unusual in neuropathological examinations of epileptogenic foci. This patient could not be included in any of the classic diseases in which PBs are found. She exhibited a localised form of glycogen storage disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

IgM cryoglobulin deposits in the peripheral nerve.

In a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia and peripheral neuropathy, direct immunofluorescence of a peripheral nerve revealed the presence of abundant IgM and kappa light chain deposits in the endoneurium. Electron microscopic examination showed the microtubular structure of these endoneurial deposits, which strongly suggested the presence of cryoglobulin; this was then found in the serum.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Inflammatory demyelinating lesions in two patients with IgM monoclonal gammopathy and polyneuropathy.

We report two patients with polyneuropathy and IgM monoclonal gammopathy in whom peripheral nerve biopsy showed the widening of myelin lamellae which is characteristic of IgM paraproteinaemic neuropathy. Moreover, certain myelinated fibres were invaded by histiocytes overloaded with myelin debris, and in some instances elongated macrophage processes could be seen peeling away the myelin lamellae. The latter ultrastructural features are characteristic of inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies in both human and experimental pathology. Such an association has not been reported to date in human pathology, but could explain the prevalence of inflammatory demyelinating lesions in experimental models of IgM paraproteinaemic neuropathy. These two cases seem to bridge the gap between inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies and polyneuropathies associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Peripheral neuropathies and lymphoma without monoclonal gammopathy: a new classification.

Recent progress in immunopathological studies of peripheral nerve and lymph node fragments together with 16 personal cases and numerous clinicopathological reports have suggested a new classification of peripheral neuropathies (PN) and lymphomas. These are: (1) PN due to local infiltrations by a T-cell lymphoma: (2) acute polyradiculoneuritis due to active demyelination and associated with infiltrates of a T-cell lymphoma in the epineurium, resembling Marek's disease (which is a T-cell lymphoma); (3) B-cell lymphoma proliferation which may be restricted to or predominate in the peripheral nervous system, with a large clinicopathological heterogeneity ranging from localized forms to ascending polyradiculoneuropathies; (4) angiotropic lymphoma, which is a B-cell lymphoma and may present as an acute mononeuropathy; (5) patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome due to lymphomatous infiltrates in the endoneurium, of which 2 cases of PN have been reported; (6) PN associated with organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-component and skin lesions, certain cases being associated with a plasmocytoma and sometimes Castleman's disease but without any monoclonal gammopathy: (7) classic Guillain-Barré syndrome, prone to develop in patients with extraneural lymphoma but without any lymphomatous infiltrates in the peripheral nervous system; (8) certain cases (4 out of 16 in our series) where there is no clear relationship between PN and lymphoma, and there are mainly features of axonal degeneration. Inflammatory perivascular infiltrates were sometimes present in the epineurium.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in childhood: ultrastructural features of peripheral nerve biopsies in four cases.

Peripheral nerve biopsies (PNB) from four children suffering from subacute or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy were studied by electron microscopy. Remyelinating features with onion bulb formations, inflammatory cell infiltrates and active demyelinating lesions were strongly suggestive of the disease. In the first case, a second PNB, performed after 7 months of severe subacute course, showed a striking evolution of the lesions. In the second case and in spite of severe neurological symptoms, the PNB was almost normal, suggesting that inflammatory lesions were mainly located in the proximal parts of the nerve. No signs of active demyelination could be seen in the third case but onion bulb formations and inflammatory cell infiltrates were present. In the fourth case, characteristic lesions of active demyelination were associated with a history of familial polyneuropathy; this association suggests an auto-immune process in certain kindreds with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Hypothyroid neuropathy].

Two cases of polyneuropathy in patients with hypothyroidism are reported. In both cases, the polyneuropathy involved the lower limbs and was predominantly distal. It was sensorimotor in the first patient and purely sensory in the second one. Electrophysiological findings were consistent with an axonopathy. Symptoms and electrophysiological parameters improved with thyroid therapy. Neuropathy in such cases is probably related to the duration of hypothyroidism.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Polyneuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy. Immunological and pathological study in 31 patients.

Quantitative, immunopathological, light and electron microscopic studies of superficial peroneal nerve biopsies from 31 patients with IgM monoclonal gammopathy were carried out. Six patients had Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and 25 had IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Serum samples from 28 of these patients were assayed for anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) activity. Anti-MAG activity was found in 25 of the samples. There was a relationship between the widening of some myelin lamellae observed on ultrastructural examination and the serum anti-MAG activity (23 cases). Immunopathological examination showed IgM binding to myelin sheaths in 17 cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Congenital hypomyelination with axonopathy.

We report a case of congenital neuropathy taking a rapidly fatal clinical course. Ultrastructural features of the peripheral nerve were unusual with sparsity of myelinated fibres, lack of "onion bulb" formation and presence of axonal damage. This case is compared with previously reported cases of early infantile neuropathy.

Axons↗
PubMed1989

Acute mononeuropathy with angiotropic lymphoma.

Angiotropic lymphoma can present as a vascular disease in the central nervous system. The patient described in this report had a sudden pain in the region of the right superficial peroneal nerve and a nerve biopsy showed tumoral cells in the lumen of most small blood vessels. This pathology, first described in the skin as malignant angioendotheliomatosis, can be compared with the occurrence of multiple emboli in the vasa nervorum. In recent cases, tumoral markers have evidenced a lymphomatous origin, generally of the B type.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Variability of morphological features in early infantile polyneuropathy with defective myelination.

Four cases of early infantile polyneuropathy with defective myelination are reported. The peripheral nerve was studied by light and electron microscopy; different morphological characteristics have been noticed in these patients. Case 1 presented aspects of defective myelination with atypical "onion bulb" formation composed of multiple layers of basement membrane. In case 2, defective myelination and atypical "onion bulb" formation were associated with aberrant hypermyelination. Cases 3 and 4 were brothers, who presented axonal damage and atypical "onion bulb" formation.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1987

The C57BL mice: an animal model for inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

Recently it has been reported that the C57BL mice can be used as a model of benign monoclonal gammopathy (MG). Since experimental models have until now failed to reproduce specific lesions of human dysglobulinemic polyneuropathies, we decided to investigate the peripheral nerve of these mice. The sciatic nerve and the serum from 14 C57BL mice were examined: 9 of these animals were found to have an IgG, kappa light chain MG, while in the other 5 no abnormalities were detected in the serum. In the 14 mice, features of demyelination were found in certain fibers, as well as onion-bulb formations around other myelinated fibers. Features of active demyelination were found in 10 animals and it must be underlined that three of these had no serum abnormalities. The decrease of the conduction velocities and the temperature coefficients Q10 of the C57BL mice suggest a good correlation between morphological and functional parameters. This strongly suggests that this strain of mice provides a suitable model for inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (IDPN).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Relapsing inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in a diabetic patient.

Inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies exhibit well-known ultrastructural lesions of the peripheral nerve, both in acute cases, i.e., Guillain-Barré syndrome, and in relapsing, sub-acute and chronic cases. We present a case of relapsing inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in a diabetic patient with a biopsy exhibiting these lesions, as well as a widening of the outermost myelin lamellae in some fibers. Such associated lesions are classic in experimental inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies, but have not been reported in human pathology.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in a diabetic patient: predominance of vesicular disruption in myelin sheaths.

A diabetic woman underwent an incision of the right big toe for an abscess and developed a typical Guillain-Barré syndrome 48 h later. A biopsy of a peripheral nerve, performed 10 days later, showed modifications usually seen in diabetic patients, as well as the characteristic ultrastructural modifications of the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Moreover, 22% of myelinated fibers exhibited vesicular disruption of the myelin sheaths. This lesion is rarely encountered on the biopsies of peripheral nerve in GBS and concerns only a few myelinated fibers. Such a prominence of myelinic vesicular disruption and its occurrence in a diabetic patient are discussed.

Acute Disease↗