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Biomedical subjects

A Villeneuve

Publications and source records attributed to A Villeneuve.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Pathophysiology and treatment of negative symptoms.

The assessment and clinical characterization of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia are reviewed. While negative symptoms may be secondary to positive symptoms, extrapyramidal side-effects, depressive illness, chronic institutionalization or other factors, they may also be primary, i.e., integral to the disease process itself. Recent literature has suggested that negative symptoms may represent a distinct pathophysiological process mediated in part by serotonergic mechanisms. Atypical neuroleptics, which have dual effects on D2/5-HT2 receptors, have demonstrated clinical efficacy on both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia, and might help to clarify the pathogenesis of these symptom clusters.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1993

[Pheochromocytoma of the broad ligament].

The authors report a rare case where a pheochromocytoma which was not in the adrenal gland occurred in the broad ligament. A review of the literature resulted in only three published cases being found. When the symptomatology suggests that there may be a pheochromocytoma in the body one has to research where it is sited and one has to think of such a possibility if a tumour in the broad ligament is found during an operation, so that the risks of operating on these tumours can be lessened.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMed1992

[Duration of antidepressive treatments].

In spite of the considerable amount of research undertaken in the field of biological psychiatry, there is currently no reliable guide allowing us to predict with accuracy the response of a patient to an antidepressant treatment. Moreover, owing to the heterogeneity of the spectrum of affective disorders, to the importance of eliminating the various factors involved in an apparent resistance to an antidepressant therapy, it seems aleatory, particularly for an individual patient, to foresee precisely the length of an antidepressant treatment, except may be in unipolar disorders. The quality of the physician-patient therapeutic relationship should never be neglected. The recent hypotheses pertaining to the etiopathogenesis of affective disorders, the advent of new psychotropic agents such as the specific serotonin uptake inhibitors, or other agents not acting through this mechanism and the MAOI, type A, as well as the utilization of corticosuppressor drugs, may pave the way to new therapeutic avenues that could, in the future, modify the prognosis and the duration of the treatment of the depressive affective disorders.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1992

[Mediastinal parathyroid adenomas on a 5th ectopic gland. 2 case reports].

Mediastinal parathyroid adenoma located on the 5th ectopic gland is rare. We report here two new cases diagnosed by scintigraphy. In one case the adenoma was found to be located in the mediastinum prior to cervicotomy. The modern imaging methods capable of locating parathyroid adenomas are evaluated.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

Levodopa up-regulates platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

Treatment of dogs for 21 days with oral levodopa (100 mg b.i.d.) plus benserazide (25 mg b.i.d.) induced a significant increase in the number of platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors labelled by [3H] yohimbine with no change in Kd. The rise was maximal at the end of the treatment and remained significant during the month following the cessation of treatment. Plasma catecholamine levels did not vary. Competition experiments showed a low affinity of both dopamine and levodopa for platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors. These results suggest that levodopa treatment regulates alpha 2-adrenoceptor number in dog platelets.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Functional coronary insufficiency in pheochromocytoma. Contribution of isotopic tests. A case report].

A 67 year old woman with a right adrenal pheochromocytoma was admitted to hospital with decompensated diabetes. She developed clinical signs of myocardial infarction. Complementary investigations showed this to be an adrenergic cardiomyopathy. The radionuclide and angiographic investigations confirmed the ischemic origin of the lesions and the functional nature of the coronary insufficiency in this case of pheochromocytoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Lithium, thyroid function and antithyroid antibodies.

1. Lithium is known to affect thyroid function. It can cause both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism that may involve in some instances an autoimmune mechanism. 2. Sixty (60) psychiatric patients, already under treatment with lithium for at least 6 months, were administered additional thyroid tests and monitored over a one-year period to study the implication of the autoimmune system in the development of hypothyroidism and thyroiditis during lithium therapy. 3. At the beginning of the study, 16 patients presented biological hypothyroidism (laboratory values under normal limits) and only 4 of them showed some slight clinical symptoms. Initially, antithyroid antibodies were detected in 20% of the patients (6 hypothyroids and 6 euthyroids): 12 had antimicrosomal antibodies and only 8 antithyroglobulin antibodies. 4. During the study, only one additional patient (euthyroid) developed antimicrosomal antibodies. All patients with antithyroglobulin antibodies had antimicrosomal antibodies and 6 hypothyroid patients had both types of antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical aspects of tardive dyskinesias induced by neuroleptics].

Initially, the reality of the existence of tardive dyskinesia raised some controversy, but rapidly this syndrome was recognized as a complication arising from usually long-term administration of neuroleptics. These extrapyramidal abnormal movements represent an important problem due to their prevalence, their potential irreversibility, their complex and still disputed physiopathologic mechanism, the absence of specific and generally effective treatment, and more recently the medico-legal problems entailed. At first, it was believed that these dyskinetic movements, of various intensity, were localized only at the oro-facial area (face, tongue, maxillary), or consisted of limited or generalized choreo-athetosic movements, or were a mixture of both types of movements. However, digestive and respiratory tardive dyskinesia also occur. Tardive dyskinesia can develop insidiously during neuroleptic treatment, or appear when this medication is decreased or ceased. It can coexist with parkinsonian signs. Age (over 50) and gender (female) appear to be risk factors. Other types of tardive syndromes associated with neuroleptic administration have been reported, such as tardive akathisia, tardive dystonia and a tardive Tourette-like syndrome. Involuntary movements resembling tardive dyskinesia can be observed in elderly individuals who never received neuroleptic medication. With respect to the rabbit syndrome, a rapid tremor of the perioral area, with a rhythmicity similar to the parkinsonian tremor, it is clearly different from tardive dyskinesia. It is essential to detect as precociously as possible tardive dyskinesia. The diagnosis is sometimes difficult and even if the clinical features seem pathognomonic of tardive dyskinesia, it is nevertheless important to establish a differential diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1988

[The treatment of psychopathologic disorders associated with tardive dyskinesias].

Tardive dyskinesia, an extrapyramidal syndrome consisting of involuntary hyperkinetic movements, is a serious side effect induced by the administration, usually on a long-term basis, of neuroleptic therapy mostly for psychotic disorders. Therefore, psychopathologic disturbances, florid or residual may coexist with the appearance and persistence of tardive dyskinesia. Thus, the exact nature of the psychopathology observed with the presence of tardive dyskinesia and its origin is difficult to delineate and to assess. Indeed, the psychopathological findings observed can possibly originate from the initial psychiatric disorder itself from the intrinsic effect of the neuroleptic medication on psychic processes, may be specifically related to tardive dyskinesia, or be the result of all these factors. Cognitive, thymic or psychotic disturbances have been closely associated with tardive dyskinesia, but their systematic studies is still scarce. Based on these findings, some tentative therapeutic considerations will be outlined, keeping in mind that exact nature and origin of these disturbances still remains to be elucidated, that no really specific and generally effective treatment of tardive dyskinesia has been found.

Cognition Disorders↗
PubMed1986

[Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone disclosing acute intermittent porphyria].

The authors report a case of acute intermittent porphyria in a 31-year old woman, revealed by inappropriate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone, a diagnosis confirmed by radioimmunoassay. Measurements of red cell urosynthetase made the diagnosis of porphyria certain and showed that the disease was familial, although clinically asymptomatic. Antidiuresis is not the only cause of hyponatraemia in acute intermittent porphyria. Similarly, psychic disorders are frequent in SIADH, but they are not necessarily due to acute intermittent porphyria.

Acute Disease↗