Drug consumption among university students in Spain.
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
A Velasco
Publications and source records attributed to A Velasco.
Blockade of muscarinic, histamine H1 and histamine H2 receptors by antidepressants.
The antagonistic effect of various antidepressants and of alprazolam on muscarinic and histamine H1 receptors has been studied in the guinea-pig ileum, and those on histamine H2 receptors on rat uterus. All antidepressants act like competitive antagonists on muscarinic and histamine H1 and H2 receptors. Alprazolam has shown competitive antagonism on muscarinic and histamine H1 receptors, and noncompetitive antagonism on histamine H2 receptors. Large differences in anticholinergic activity appear between the drugs studied, whereas all of them showed a higher histamine H1 receptor antagonistic activity. Most of the drugs studied showed a histamine H2 receptor antagonistic activity similar to that of cimetidine.
Alprazolam↗
Plasma corticosterone, motor activity and metabolic circadian patterns in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Experiments were conducted in male rats to study the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on circadian rhythms of (a) plasma corticosterone concentrations; (b) motor activity; and (c) metabolic patterns. Animals were entrained to LD cycles of 12:12 hr and fed ad libitum. A daily rhythm of plasma corticosterone concentrations was found in controls animals with peak levels at 2400 hr and low values during the remaining hours. This rhythm was statistically confirmed by the cosinor method and had an amplitude of 3.37 micrograms/100 ml and the acrophase at 100 hr. A loss of the normal circadian variation was observed in diabetic animals, with a nadir at the onset of light period and high values throughout the remaining hours; cosinor analysis of these data showed no circadian rhythm, delete and a higher mean level than controls. As expected, normal rats presented most of their motor activity during the dark period with 80% of total daily activity; the cosinor method demonstrated a circadian rhythm with an amplitude of 60% of the mean level and the acrophase at 0852 hr. Both diabetic and control rats showed a similar activity during the light phase, but diabetic animals had less activity than controls during the night and their percentage of total daily activity was similar in both phases of the LD cycle (50% for each one). With the cosinor method we were able to show the persistence of a circadian rhythm in the motor activity of diabetic rats, but with a mesor and amplitude lower than in controls (amplitude rested at 60% of the mean level) and its acrophase advanced to 0148 hr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Detection of glycosaminoglycans in the Golgi complex of chondrocytes.
Elongation and sulfation of glycosaminoglycans are pivotal roles of the Golgi complex during the biosynthesis of proteoglycan monomers. In the present work the spatial relationship between these processes has been investigated by using a combination of immunocytochemical and cytochemical techniques. Chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycans were immunocytochemically localized in 1 to 2 transmost cisternae, also in a system of narrow tubules at the trans face of the Golgi complex of chick epiphyseal chondrocytes. At these same locations sulfate groups were revealed with the high iron diamine (HID) method, proteoglycan monomers being visualized with ruthenium red. Several treatments were assayed in order to reversibly block the secretory pathway. Chondrocytes incubated at a low temperature, 15 degrees C, before fixation, showed both glycosaminoglycans in the middle cisternae of the Golgi stack as well as the above mentioned locations. After low temperature treatment both HID and ruthenium red stained the middle, but not the cis cisternae. Incubation of the cells for 30 min with either diethylcarbamazine or monensin before fixation permitted detection of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycan monomers in the middle cisternae, whereas HID staining of the Golgi complex, but not that of secretory vesicles, was abolished. The results show that elongation of both chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycans takes place in the same Golgi compartments. These include the middle cisternae and probably also the trans cisternae and tubules. Also suggested is that sulfation of one or both types of glycosaminoglycans begins in the middle cisternae.
Animals↗
Light microscopic characterization of glycoconjugates in secretory cells of the carp (Cyprinus carpio) gill epithelium.
Secretory products of granular and mucous cells in the gill epithelium of the carp, Cyprinus carpio, were distinguished by their cytochemical reactions with peroxidase-labelled lectins and with the galactose oxidase (GO)-Schiff reagents. Secretory products of granular cells reacted with lectins from Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (SAB), and Lotus tetragonolobus (LTA). They also reacted with GO-Schiff reagents. After sialic acid cleavage with HCl, new binding sites for DBA and SBA appeared, suggesting the terminal sequence sialic acid-N-acetylgalactosamine (SA-GalNAc) for the secretion of this cell type. In mucous cells, binding sites for WGA, DBA, and SBA and, after acid hydrolysis, binding sites for PNA and a positive GO-Schiff reaction were detected. The terminal trisaccharide sialic acid-galactose (beta 1-3)-N-acetylgalactosamine (SA-Gal-GalNAc) is proposed for the secretion of mucous cells. These cytochemical differences are discussed in light of the involvement of both cell types in fish mucus elaboration.
Animals↗
Light and electron microscopical localization of concanavalin A lectin binding sites in rat epiphyseal chondrocytes.
Concanavalin A lectin binding sites have been detected within the cytoplasm of epiphyseal chondrocytes. Correlative light and electron microscopic results were obtained, indicating the presence of alpha-D-mannose and/or alpha-D-glucose residues detected by the lectin in the rough endoplasmic reticulum region. Quantitation of the electron microscopic cytochemical reaction also showed that the specific labelling was almost exclusively localized in the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. No significant staining was found in other membrane compartments or extracellular matrix. This labelling pattern could be considered as the cytochemical evidence of N-glycosylation processes occurring during the biosynthesis of cartilage extracellular matrix components by chondrocytes.
Animals↗
Tobacco consumption among Spanish university students.
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Female↗
Cytochemical localization of thiamine pyrophosphatase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase activities in rat epiphyseal chondrocytes.
Two phosphatase activities, which have been reported to be associated with the Golgi apparatus in several cellular types, have been cytochemically demonstrated in rat epiphyseal cartilage. This was the case for thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) which was detected in Golgi trans face cisternae and also in nascent or immature secretory granules of chondrocytes. beta-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase (beta-NADPase), on the other hand, was localized mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum region of both proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Most of the beta-NADPase reaction was shown to be associated with the cytoplasmic side of the rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes and also partially dispersed throughout the cytosol background. We suggest that beta NADPase in chondrocytes could be an enzyme with different properties from that described in other secretory cells.
Animals↗
Uterine intravascular leiomyomatosis: an update and report of seven cases.
A clinicopathological study of seven cases of intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) was performed. The patients' ages ranged from 29 to 80 and all cases were associated with uterine leiomyomas. The intravascular extension involved preferentially uterine vessels, although the adnexa were also affected. Microscopically, the intravascular tumors resembled the primary leiomyomas. Mitotic count was low and never exceeded 3 per 10 high-power fields. Thick venous vessels, sometimes with thrombosis, were a conspicuous marker in intravascular locations. Necrosis and hemorrhage were found in four cases. Epithelioid IVL was found in one instance associated with a lipid cell tumor of the ovary. This series supports, for most cases, the notion of an origin from a preexisting leiomyoma. A review of treatment, prognosis, and histogenesis of IVL is performed.
Adnexa Uteri↗
Alcohol consumption among university students in Spain.
Alcohol consumption in 1984 among 2921 students of nine Faculties in the University of Valladolid (Spain) is reported. Alcoholic drinks were frequently consumed, especially by males and during weekends. Per capita consumption was 9.85 l of absolute alcohol/year for males and 4.971 for females. Beer, wine and gin were the favourite drinks. Alcohol consumption was similar in the different faculties and age groups but was to some extent related to age and place of residence in male students. Students' alcohol consumption was not as high as in the general Spanish population, and seems to have been stable during the last 10 years.
Adolescent↗
Effect of aluminum chloride on ascending colon of the rat.
Aluminum chloride (2.48 X 10(-4) to 1.24 X 10(-3) M) inhibits spontaneous motility of ascending colon of the rat. Resting tension was not affected. At concentrations between 2.07 X 10(-5) to 1.24 X 10(-3) M it inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the contractions induced by maximal doses of acetylcholine. Higher doses produced a very marked inhibition that was attributable to acidification of the medium. The inhibiting effect was more intense when the incubation medium contained an excess of calcium (3.6 and 4.3 mM) or theobromine (10(-4) and 10(-3) M). This inhibiting effect tended to be smaller in the presence of low calcium (0.6 and 1.0 mM) or verapamil (3 X 10(-8) and 10(-7) M).
Acetylcholine↗
Histological, ultrastructural and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation studies in liver of rats chronically treated with oral valproic acid.
The effects of oral administration of valproic acid (VPA) have been studied on the liver of female adult Wistar rats, at doses of 60 and 120 mg/kg/day during 4 and 18 weeks (periods I and II). Other groups received the same doses of VPA with phenobarbital (PB). The animals developed periportal steatosis, more intense at the end of period II and in groups non-induced by PB, and also some degree of mitochondrial swelling. An uncoupling of the oxidative phosphorylation was also evident with both doses in the non-induced groups, and only with the high dose of VPA in the induced group. An in vitro study on isolated liver mitochondria showed uncoupling only with very high concentration of VPA (10 mM). We comment on these findings and propose a chronic model of experimental hepatotoxicity of oral VPA in the rat.
Administration, Oral↗
Effect of trazodone on oxidative metabolism of rat brain in vitro.
Oxygen uptake of rat brain homogenate was reduced by 1 mM trazodone, a new atypical antidepressant. Na,K-ATPase activity and the associated oxygen consumption of rat brain slices were also reduced. Oxygen consumption of rat brain slices was enhanced by dopamine and this effect was blocked by 0.0001 mM trazodone. This drug uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation.
Animals↗
Effects of triflusal in patients with prosthetic heart valves.
The biological effects of a new antiplatelet agent, triflusal, were evaluated in patients with cardiac valvular prostheses. Each patient received 900 mg/day of oral triflusal for 30 days. Triflusal significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (1 to 5 mumol) or epinephrine (12.5 mumol), showing a slight effect on bleeding time (basal: 6 +/- 1.7 min; 30 days of treatment: 8.0 +/- 2.7 min). Serum levels of thromboxane B2 were significantly reduced during treatment, but changes in serum levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha were not observed, suggesting that triflusal does not affect prostacyclin biosynthesis by the vascular wall. The results show that triflusal has a marked inhibitory and selective effect on platelet function in patients with cardiac valvular prostheses.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
Action of aluminum chloride in isolated muscular strips of rat stomach fundus.
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Aluminum↗
[Consumption of drugs in a sample of rural physicians in the province of Valladolid].
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Adult↗
Nitrophenylphosphatase activity in the kidney sac nephrocytes of Helix aspersa.
A cytochemical study of p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity in the renal sac of Helix aspersa was carried out, for which the organ was divided in three parts: posterior, middle and anterior. The apical, lateral and basal plasma membranes of the nephrocytes were shown to have both L-cysteine and ouabain sensitive phosphatase activities. The highest level of ouabain inhibition is reached in basal plasma membrane folds of the posterior and anterior zone nephrocytes. The significance of enzyme activity in each of the renal zones is discussed, in order to establish the probable transepithelial route of Na+ in the renal sac of Helix aspersa.
4-Nitrophenylphosphatase↗