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Biomedical subjects

A Vaswani

Publications and source records attributed to A Vaswani.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Combination therapy for osteoporosis.

The effect of therapy that simultaneously stimulates bone formation and inhibits bone resporption was evaluated in five patients with primary osteoporosis. The technique of in vivo neutron activation analysis was used to measure total body calcium (TB-Ca). The patients were treated with calcium supplements and salmon calcitonin combined with either a low or a high dose of growth hormond (hGH). There was no significant increase in skeletal mass (TB-Ca) during the low-dose hGH regimen. An increase in skeletal mass was observed in all patients following the high-dose regimen, except for one patient who developed secondary hyperparathyroidism. Although this study must be considered to be of a preliminary nature, the magnitude of the response in calcium balance suggests that skeletal mass can be increased in osteoporosis if combination therapy is employed.

Absorption↗
PubMed1977

Radiographic morphometry and osteopenia in spinal osteoporosis.

Measurements of bone mineral content and total-body calcium, normalized and expressed as ratios, were compared with radiographic morphometry in 45 women who had spinal osteoporosis. The radiographic indices examined included the femoral score, the femoral trabecular pattern, the biconcavity and metacarpal indices, and the total peripheral score. Both ratios and all the radiographic indices except the femoral trabecular pattern were found to be related to the number of dorsal spine fractures. The relationships observed support the following conclusions: (A) the femoral score and the metacarpal index are related to the degree of osteopenia; (B) the biconcavity index reflects the extraskeletal factors that are pathogenic in spinal osteoporosis; (C) a reduced femoral trabecular pattern index is associated with spinal osteoporosis, although this measurement is not related to the degree of osteopenia; and (D) it may be imprudent to diagnose osteoporosis from the presence of lumbar compression fractures.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Total body sodium and chlorine in normal adults.

Absolute levels of total body sodium (TBNa) and total body chlorine (TBCl) were determined in 81 normal adults (39 males, 42 females) by means of total body neutron activation analysis (TBNAA). The ages of the subjects ranged from 30 to 90 yr. The mean values for both TBNa and TBCl remained relatively constant throughout the age span studied for males, but decreased slightly for females over 60 yr of age. In order for the absolute measurements of Na and Cl to be of clinical value, the values must be compared to a predicted value based on the sex and body habitus of the individual. Normalization of TBNa values relative to body dimensions (weight, height, body surface area) were evaluated. In addition, TBNa was related to total body calcium (TBCa), which reflects skeletal mass, and TBK, which reflects muscle, or lean body mass. Normalization in terms of a linear combination of the TBCa and TBK was found to be the most satisfactory of all those studied. Sodium excess, NaES, defined as the amount of body sodium (mEq) in excess of body chlorine (mEq) was determined. Sodium excess correlated well with total body calcium. Values for total body sodium and chlorine obtained in the present study were compared with values previously reported in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Changes in body chemical composition with age measured by total-body neutron activation.

Total-body levels of calcium and phosphorus (reflecting skeletal mass) and total-body levels of potassium (reflecting muscle mass) were measured by neutron activation analysis in 39 men and 40 women ages 30-90 yr. In order to intercompare the total body calcium (TBCa) values in a heterogeneous population, such as this, it was necessary to normalize the data for skeletal size. The normalization consisted of dividing the absolute calcium level by the predicted calcium level for each individual matched to a set of critical parameters. The parameter used in the computation of normal values were age, sex, muscle mass, i.e., total body potassium (TBK) and height. For the calcium data of the women, it was necessary to add an age correction factor after the age of 55 yr. The calcium ratio(mean ratio of the predicted to measured TBCa) in men was 1.000 +/- 7.8% and in women 0.996 +/- 7.1%. The TBCa of normal males and females can thus be predicted to +/- 13% (at the 90% confidence level). An exception to this was found in males (70-90 yr) who exhibited a mean calcium ratio greater than 1.13. The derivative of TBCa with time was determined for this population of men and women by taking into account the dependency of calcium on three time dependent variables, height, TBK, and an explicit age correction factor in the case of the women. The mean rate of loss of TBCa in women was 0.37% and 1.1% per year before and after menopause (50 yr). In the males, the average rate of loss of TBCa was 0.7% per year after 50 yr of age. The pattern of total body phosphorus (TBP) loss with age paralleled that of TBCa as the ratio of TBP/TBCa was rather constant with age. The constancy of the ratio suggests that the mineral composition of bone does not change significantly with age. The rate of loss of TBK with age was also related directly to that of TBCa. The mean ratio of TBK/TBCa was 9.9 in females and 8.0 in males and this ratio remained relatively constant from 30-70 yr. Thus, the mechanism responsible for the loss of bone with age, whether nutritional deficiency or decreased gonadal function and physical activity may also be responsible for the loss of muscle mass with age.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effect of aging on bone mass in adult women.

Total-body calcium was measured in 40 adult women by total-body neutron activation analysis (TBNAA). Procedures for normalizing the absolute calcium measurements for the parameters of size and age were developed in order to effect a direct comparison of women of age 30-78 yr. The normal total-body calcium (TBCa) for an individual can be predicted by a formula developed in the present study to within +/- 11% (1.62 SD) at the 90% confidence level. The TBCa loss can be characterized by two components: one with a slower rate, 0.37%/yr, and the other with a faster rate, 1.08%/yr. The latter, a more rapid postmenopausal loss, started at 50-60 yr and was superimposed on the slower rate of loss that started in the fourth decade and continued throughout life. The bone mineral content (BMC) of the radius, measured by the absorptiometric technique, correlated well with the total-body skeletal calcium in this population (r = 0.813, P less than .001). However, for intercomparisons of the BMC values of individuals, normalization of the BMC values for size and age is required, as it is for the TBCa data. Normalization provided by the ratio of BMC to radius width is not adequate for comparative studies.

Adult↗