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Biomedical subjects

A Valavanis

Publications and source records attributed to A Valavanis.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[CT diagnosis of traumatic injuries of the temporal bone].

73 patients with 78 fractures of the temporal bone were examined by high-resolution computed tomography (CT). Analysis of the CT-findings disclosed 55 longitudinal, 12 transverse, 8 combined and 3 atypical fractures. For determination of the fracture type, axial sections usually proved sufficient. However, for precise topographic analysis of the course of the fracture additional coronal sections were necessary in most of the cases. In the radiologic evaluation of temporal bone fractures detection of associated complications is clinically important since these can be surgically corrected. In this series 20 lesions of the ossicular chain were demonstrated by the combined performance of axial and coronal sections and sagittal reformations. High resolution CT demonstrated a lesion of the facial nerve canal in 79% of a patient group with traumatic facial nerve palsy. The most frequent site of injury of the facial nerve canal was the region of the geniculate ganglion. With the use of metrizamide-CT-cisternography the site of cerebrospinal fluid leakage was demonstrated in 7 of 9 patients with liquorrhea. It is concluded that high-resolution CT is the radiologic method of choice for both topographic evaluation of temporal bone fractures and detection and precise localization of fracture-complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Cerebrovascular Doppler studies--a potent tool in neuroangiology].

Cerebrovascular disease is caused in about half of the patients by obstructions in the extracranial cerebral arteries. In the other half, stroke is due in roughly equal proportions to obstructive intracranial arterial lesions, emboli from the heart, or intracranial hemorrhage. Half of the patients with major ischemic stroke had previous warning signs in the form of transient ischemic attacks (TIA), reversible ischemic neurologic deficit (RIND) or infarction with only minor residual deficit not limiting daily activity, professional skills, and quality of life. Investigation of patients with warning signs of impending ischemic stroke is mandatory in order to prevent other events with possible major disability, but also, in patients with acute infarction, in order to choose the appropriate early therapy and rehabilitation. Routine cerebrovascular Doppler examination based on continuous-wave equipment has been successfully used to detect extracranial arterial obstructions. In the authors' experience of more than 12000 patients this noninvasive diagnostic tool makes it possible-in conjunction with the patient's history and the results of the clinical examination-to differentiate between obstructions needing surgery and lesions small enough to warrant medical treatment. Minor lesions which do not disturb blood flow locally, or accessible to available continuous-wave Doppler equipment, can be detected with real-time ultrasound imaging systems, i.e. B-mode or B-mode-Doppler-(duplex) systems in addition to routine Doppler examination. These complex systems also serve to follow-up patients with minor lesions which are not treated, or treated medically, in regard to deterioration, possible invariability, or even regression of a lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomography of the intervertebral foramen.

52 cases with pathologic lesions in the intervertebral foramen, studied with CT, are analyzed. The most frequent lesions are intraforaminal disc herniations. These are characterized by their hyperdensity in comparison to the dural sac (34 of 34 cases) and their broad contact with the intervertebral disc space (31 of 34 cases). Foraminal size and contour are usually normal. In contradistinction to disc herniations, benign tumors often show bone erosion of the pressure-type with enlargement of the foramen. Bone infiltration was seen only in malignant lesions and in the single case of Echinococcosis. Preoperative diagnosis of vascular lesions which present with foraminal enlargement is most important for the choice of the appropriate operative approach. Correct CT diagnosis of such vascular lesions is only possible with dynamic CT.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

Cerebral cysticercosis: treatment with praziquantel. Report of two cases.

Two patients with cerebral cysticercosis are described: one with a long-standing infection with multiple intracerebral calcifications, and one who had become infected only recently. Treatment with praziquantel 50 mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days resulted in clinical and radiological improvement in the first patient, although she obviously still harbored a number of viable non-calcified parasites. The second patient was completely cured by the same praziquantel regimen. Both patients needed temporary corticosteroid treatment to suppress development of intracranial hypertension. Computerized tomographic scanning and regular measurement of serum antibody titers against cysticercal and echinococcal antigen seem appropriate methods for follow-up of the effect of chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Place and value of tomodensitometry examination of malignant skin tumors of the face].

Computerized tomography of the face offers a new technique for the evaluation of malignant tumors. It serves to ascertain exactly the extension of the malignant process and to establish the indication for surgery in the best possible conditions. A brief clinical description of the most frequent tumors of the face is given and the indications for this examination are discussed. The technical aspect of CT is also presented. In the light of four cases selected among patients who had been treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the face, the authors demonstrate the value of the examination. They believe that computed tomography is fully indicated in recurrent tumors of the face and in complex localisation such as the medial angle of the eye, the external auditory canal, the alar base of the nose or the orbits.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Neuroradiology in the assessment and treatment of facial hemangiomas].

The introduction of superselective angiography of the branches of the external carotid artery has opened new perspectives in the evaluation and treatment of patients with craniofacial hemangioma. Angiographically craniofacial hemangiomas are classified into three morphologic (arteriovenous, capillary, venous) and two hemodynamic (high-flow and slow-flow) types. Embolization is a measure which serves for reduction of mass, significant decrease of intraoperative hemorrhage and treatment of skin complications such as necrosis, ulcerations, etc. Embolization should be followed by surgical resection of the hemangioma. This report is based on experience with angiographic exploration and embolization of 39 facial hemangiomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Dense suprasellar epidermoid cyst. A case report.

A case of a dense epidermoid cyst of the suprasellar cistern is presented. The clinical symptoms were headache radiating to the left eye and a quadrant anopsia on the left eye. The density of the epidermoid was 62 HU and no significant contrast enhancement occurred after contrast application. The main feature which allows differentiation from other hyperdense suprasellar lesions seems to be the lack of contrast enhancement.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Exploration of the facial nerve canal by high-resolution computed tomography: anatomy and pathology.

A correlative study of the anatomy and the radiological appearance of the intratemporal course of the facial nerve canal was carried out. Isolated temporal bones and temporal bones of cadaver heads were examined with thin-section high-resolution computed tomography in the axial, coronal and Stenvers' projections, then sectioned with a microtome and the radiologic and anatomic images were correlated. Appropriate projections for visualization of each segment of the facial nerve canal on CT were established. The high-resolution CT Stenvers' projection proved very useful for visualization of the geniculate ganglion fossa, as also of the tympanic and mastoid segments in their full length. The high-resolution CT appearance of lesions characteristic for each segment of the facial nerve canal are presented.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1983

The radiological diagnosis of cerebral venous angioma: cerebral angiography and computed tomography.

The angiographic and CT findings in seven cases of cerebral venous angioma are presented and analyzed. Two cases were also examined with dynamic CT. The radiological literature on the subject is reviewed and a new classification of cerebral venous angioma based on its pattern of drainage is proposed. It is concluded that with the use of thin slices and coronal cuts both the angioma and its pattern of venous drainage can be identified on CT in a high proportion of cases. In addition, with dynamic CT the specificity of CT in diagnosing cerebral venous angioma may further increase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Contribution of computed tomography to the radiological clarification of a chondroma of the cervicothoracic spinal column].

On the basis of a chondroma which, as is well known, is very rarely found in the cervicothoracic spinal canal, the contribution made by computed tomography to the radiological identification of such benign tumours in explained. Morphology, localisation and incidence of chondromas and their differentiation against other tumours localised in the vertebral column, are discussed. The possibilities offered by the available diagnostic tools are compared with each other, also with regard to indication of operation and surgical planning.

Adolescent↗