Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A V Proto

Publications and source records attributed to A V Proto.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Lung torsion: case report and literature review.

A 65-year-old woman with endobronchial carcinoma had torsion of the left upper lobe. A posteroanterior chest radiograph showed apparent atelectasis in the left upper lobe, but the lateral view disclosed an inappropriate posterior displacement of the collapsed lobe. The vasculature of the affected area showed an unusual curvature. Review of 21 examples of lung torsion disclosed no characteristic age, sex, or affected lobe. The most common associations were with previous surgery (n = 10) or a history of trauma (n = 5). The most common radiographic findings are opacification of the affected lobe (n = 12), an abnormal vascular pattern (n = 6), and an abnormal location for the atelectatic lung (n = 5). Affected lobes often show hemorrhagic infarction or necrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Aberrant right subclavian artery: further observations.

One hundred one posteroanterior and 89 lateral chest radiographs were reviewed of patients with proven aberrant right subclavian artery. The patients were 17-96 years old. Three findings were noted on the posteroanterior radiograph: an oblique edge extending to the right from the aortic knob (60%); demonstration of the vessel through the lucency of the tracheal air column (43%) with sharp margins (29%) or as a tubular opacity without sharp margins (14%); and a "mass" effect at the medial right clavicular area (32%). Three findings were noted on the lateral radiograph: retrotracheal opacity (79%), aortic arch obscuration (62%), and posterior tracheal imprint (49%). Two of these findings (tubular opacity and mass effect) are reported as new observations in patients with aberrant right subclavian artery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Mediastinal anatomy: emphasis on conventional images with anatomic and computed tomographic correlations.

To interpret mediastinal abnormalities, an understanding of the reflections produced by the various areas of lung in contact with the mediastinum is mandatory. In this presentation many of the normal mediastinal reflections are reviewed and correlated with anatomic and CT demonstrations. Emphasis is placed on the similarities and dissimilarities of these reflections and their relationships to mediastinal structures or coronal mediastinal planes. Abnormal examples of these reflections are included, as well as the frequency with which the normal reflections may be seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

CT of the pulmonary nodule: a cooperative study.

To evaluate the role of computed tomography (CT) in the investigation of pulmonary nodules, a special reference phantom that enabled CT densitometric measurements independent of variations between scanners and patients was used in ten institutions. A total of 384 nodules not considered calcified by conventional methods were examined; 118 (31%) proved to be benign, and in 65 of these (55%), unsuspected calcification was demonstrated. In 28 of the 65, definite calcification could be identified on thin-section CT scans by simple inspection of the scans at narrow windows. In the remaining 37, presence of calcification could not be clearly established without comparison with the reference CT number from the calibration phantom. CT was most effective in establishing the benignancy of nodules 3 cm or less in diameter and those with discrete or smooth margins. CT rarely yields a confident diagnosis of benign disease in larger nodules and in those with irregular or spiculated borders. After review of prior spot radiographs, low kilovolt peak spot radiographs, and conventional tomograms, the authors conclude that thin-section CT aided by a reference phantom in equivocal cases should be an integral part of the diagnostic approach to the pulmonary nodule.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Apical opacity: a normal finding on posteroanterior chest radiographs.

Of 423 posteroanterior chest radiographs in patients aged 21-66 years, 12.8% showed a homogeneous oval opacity with unsharp margins at the right apex and 16.8% at the left apex. Anatomy of the vessel, observations in patients with pneumothorax or atherosclerotic calcification, and fluoroscopic and computed tomographic evidence lead to the conclusion that the apical opacity is produced by the subclavian artery.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Histiocytosis X. Unusual-confusing features of eosinophilic granuloma.

We report our experience with seven cases of eosinophilic granuloma in which unusual and/or confusing features were encountered. These features include: histologic confusion with desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, eosinophilic pneumonia; cysts filled with air and/or fluid; radiographic onset in the eighth decade of life; intratracheal mass; and focal parenchymal consolidation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Pulmonary nodules studied by computed tomography.

The authors analyzed 177 pulmonary nodules using thin-section computed tomography (CT), calculating the representative CT number (RCT#) from a computer printout. None of the 96 malignant nodules had an RCT# greater than 151 H. Of the 81 benign nodules, 14 were shown to be calcified by conventional radiography and had an RCT# ranging from 763 and 1,023 H. Thirty had an RCT# greater than 200 H; this included 24 which showed no calcification on conventional tomograms. The remaining 37 benign nodules had an RCT# less than 200 H; 6 of them were hamartomas, including 2 which were diagnosed as such due to their fat content.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

CT demonstration of congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome.

The congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome comprises a spectrum of thoracic anomalies that are discussed. Computed tomography demonstrated findings not readily apparent on conventional posteroanterior and lateral views of the chest and offered an explanation different from that usually given for the retrosternal opacity that may be seen on the lateral chest radiographs of patients with this syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Central bronchial displacement with large posterior pleural collections. Findings on the lateral chest radiograph and CT scans.

The central bronchi have a characteristic orientation and relation to each other on lateral chest radiographs and computed tomograms. Twelve patients with proven unilateral large pleural collections all demonstrated ipsilateral forward central bronchial displacement on their lateral chest radiographs. Each of the eight patients who had computed tomograms also had similar displacement. In a patient with a large area of opacity located in a posterior hemithorax, ipsilateral forward central bronchial displacement may be a clue indicating that the opacity represents a pleural collection.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The chest radiograph: anatomic considerations.

This article discusses the routine posteroanterior and lateral radiographs of the chest, utilizing an anatomic approach. Topics covered include lobar collapse, pulmonary fissures, mediastinal anatomy, and pericardial effusion.

Azygos Vein↗
PubMed1983

Inferior pulmonary ligament: computed tomographic appearance.

A total of 129 normal computed tomograms of the chest was retrospectively reviewed to determine the appearance and frequency of visualization of the inferior pulmonary ligament. The ligament was seen on the left in 67.4% of patients, on the right in 37.2% of patients, on both sides in 27.1% of patients, and on neither side in 22.4% of patients. Of those ligaments seen, 92% on the left and 92% on the right demonstrated a posterior orientation. Examples are shown emphasizing the importance of the inferior pulmonary ligament in relation to lower lobe collapse, pleural effusion, extension of a mediastinal abnormality into the ligament, and the possible intraparenchymal appearance of an abnormality located within the ligament.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

CT differentiation of subphrenic abscess and pleural effusion.

The computed tomographic scans of 38 patients with proven subphrenic abscesses and 28 patients with proven pleural effusions were reviewed without knowledge of the final diagnosis. In 26% of cases the hemidiaphragm could be identified directly as a stripe, while in 71% of cases only the hemidiaphragmatic contour could be seen. In 3% of cases the hemidiaphragm position was indeterminate because insufficient scans of the chest or abdomen were obtained. In the cases where the hemidiaphragm position could be established, the computed tomographic diagnosis was correct in 100% of subphrenic abscesses and in 96% of pleural effusions. Methods of identifying the hemidiaphragm on computed tomography and the possible pitfalls are discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1983

The superolateral major fissures.

In a review of more than 1,000 posteroanterior views of normal adult chests, a curving contour that relates to the major fissure laterally along the superior segment of the lower lobe was identified in 14%. The contour, which was more often seen as an edge rather than a line, was noted only on the right in 4%, only on the left in 6%, and on both the right and the left in 4% of patients. This publication discusses various characteristics of the curving contour, evidence that relates the contour to the major fissure, and the mechanism of production of the curving contour when seen as an edge. Also presented are some clinical examples illustrating the usefulness of understanding this feature of radiographic anatomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography of the major and minor fissures.

One hundred computed tomograms of patients with normal lungs were reviewed to determine the normal characteristics of the major fissures and the minor fissure and how often each is seen. Each major fissure was imaged most often as a lucent band, less often as a line, and least often as a dense band. The percentage visualization of these three appearances is tabulated for the upper, middle, and lower parts of each major fissure. The minor fissure was imaged as a lucent area. The lucent area was more often triangular, with its apex at the hilar region, and less often round or oval. Several examples are presented to illustrate how an understanding of the fissures, as displayed cross-sectionally, helps in interpreting abnormal findings on computed tomographic scans. These examples relate to localization of masses within the lobes of the lung, extension of carcinoma to or across the fissure, recognition of fluid in the fissure, etc.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The anterior junction anatomy.

It is useful to consider the anterior junction anatomy in terms of three components: the superior recesses, the line, and the inferior recesses. Each component localizes to a specific area retrosternally: the superior recesses--behind the manubrium; the line--behind the upper two thirds of the sternal body; and the inferior recesses--behind the lower third of the sternal body and below where the cardiac mass abuts the anterior chest wall. Since the anterior chest wall curves backward from bottom to top (Figure 61), the coronal plane of the superior recesses is behind that of the anterior junction line, the coronal plane of the inferior recesses being in front of that of the anterior junction line. Accordingly, then, anteroposterior conventional tomograms will usually demonstrate the inferior recesses on the most anterior levels, the line a centimeter or so behind the inferior recesses, the superior recesses a centimeter or so behind the line. Understanding the anterior junction anatomy in terms of three components has widespread use, as shown above, by many examples obtained from everyday film reading. The presence, absence, and location of disease may be diagnosed. As well, mistaken diagnoses may be avoided. Since the anterior junction lung relates to the anterior pleural space, pleural space processes may alter the anterior junction anatomy. It must be realized that although visualization of the normal anterior junction anatomy components may help to exclude the presence of retrosternal abnormality, they are not infallible. It is possible for a small lesion to be entirely contained within the anterior mediastinum and, thus, not alter the normal anterior junction components. A deep retrosternal space, where normally the anterior junction line is formed, may allow an anterior mediastinal mass to be present and a normal anterior junction line to be seen if the mass does not occupy the entire depth of the space. Furthermore, in patients with markedly hyperexpanded lungs, it is conceivable that the cardiac mass may abut the chest wall at the level of the inferior recesses to a lesser degree than usual, or not at all. Marked lung hyperexpansion may also conceivably cause the superior recesses to extend above the manubrium.

Heart↗