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Biomedical subjects

A V Pollock

Publications and source records attributed to A V Pollock.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Ventilatory capacity after three methods of anaesthesia for inguinal hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial.

One hundred consecutive male patients undergoing elective inguinal herniorrhaphy were randomized to receive general, epidural or local anaesthesia, and the patterns of ventilation were studied before and after operation. General anaesthesia caused more depression of FEV1 and FVC than the other two methods, but no important arterial hypoxia or clinical chest complications ensued. One patients suffered minor staphylococcal wound infection, and one died of massive pulmonary embolism on the eleventh day.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Compression suture of the abdominal wall: a controlled trial in 302 major laparotomies.

Monofilament nylon suture material undergoes both plastic and elastic elongation when stretched. Nylon inserted as a continuous suture for approximation of the abdominal musculo-aponeurosis may, therefore, allow early separation of the cut edges, which may predispose to the later development of an incisional hernia. This hypothesis was tested in a consecutive series of 302 major laparotomies randomized to be sutured with continuous mass nylon either to approximate or to compress the deep layers. The incidence of incisional hernia at 6 months in the group sutured with normal tension was 10.0 per cent, compared with 5.5 per cent in those tightly sutured. There was, however, an increased rate of minor wound infection in the latter group.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1981

Laparotomy.

In a consecutive series of 1207 major laparotomies, the incidence of wound infections, wound failures and chest complications was prospectively recorded; this allowed certain predisposing factors to be identified, both avoidable and unavoidable. Among the former were operative bacterial contamination, haemorrhagic and septic shock and the use of nasogastric tubes; the most important of the latter were male sex and pre-existing bronchitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Antibiotic prophylaxis in general surgery: a comparison of single-dose intravenous and single-dose intra-incisional cephaloridine.

Four hundred and five consecutive patients undergoing emergency or elective abdominal operations were randomly allocated to receive prophylaxis against wound sepsis by means of a single dose of 1 g cephaloridine either injected intravenously at the start of, or instilled into the incision at the end of, operations. Ten patients died within two weeks without wound sepsis and in the remaining 395 patients there were no significant differences between the two groups in the rates of major (3.5% and 2.1%) or minor (12.4% and 15.5%) wound sepsis. Nutrient broth culture of visceral and parietal swabs during operations enabled a microbiological classification of abdominal operations to be made, the rates of wound sepsis being significantly different among "clean" (1.0%), "potentially contaminated" (8.1%), "lightly contaminated" (19.4%) and "heavily contaminated" (44.6%) operations. This classification by extent of operative contamination makes it possible to standardize the audit of sepsis rates both among surgeons and among hospitals.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Midline or transverse laparotomy? A random controlled clinical trial. Part I: Influence on healing.

Five hundred and seventy-nine patients undergoing major laparotomy were randomly allocated to have midline or transverse incisions. Transverse incisions took longer to make and caused more bleeding but (in the absence of wound sepsis) no transverse wound burst and there were only 2 incisional hernias. In the midline group, without wound sepsis, there were 2 burst abdomens and 9 incisional hernias. When, however, those patients who suffered wound sepsis were also considered, there were no significant differences between the two groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Midline or transverse laparotomy? A random controlled clinical trial. Part II: Influence on postoperative pulmonary complications.

In a series of 579 patients undergoing major laparotomy, the direction of incision (midline or transverse/oblique muscle-cutting) was decided randomly. The severity of postoperative pulmonary complications was expressed by a scoring system which allowed categorization into mild (score 0-3), moderate (score 4-6) and serious (score 7 or more) complications. The important determinants of high scores were found to be male sex, preoperative pulmonary dysfunction, postoperative ventilatory depression, hypovolaemic and septic shock, inhalation of gastric contents and embolism. In no stratum did the direction of incision have any significant effect.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Intermittent sequential pneumatic compression of the legs in the prevention of venous stasis and postoperative deep venous thrombosis.

The optimal stimulus which produced the maximum increase in blood velocity in the femoral vein during compression of the lower limb with a sequential compression device (six chambers) was determined using Doppler ultrasound in 10 normal limbs. Pressures of 35, 30, and 20 mm Hg at the ankle, calf, and thigh, respectively, applied sequentially for 12 seconds produced a 240% increase in the peak blood velocity. Higher pressures did not increase velocity any further. A nonsequential device (one chamber) inflated at 35 mm Hg for 12 seconds produced only a180% increase in blood velocity. The efficacy of the sequential device to prevent deep venous thrombosis then was tested and compared with a single chamber device and small-dose subcutaneous heparin in a randomized, controlled clinical trial using the 125I-fibrinogen test. The results suggest that the sequential compression device is as effective as heparin during the period when it is used (the first 24 hours after operation) and more effective than a nonsequential device in preventing deep venous thrombosis proximal to the calf.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Colour lymphography in clinical surgery.

In 38 patients undergoing femoral artery profundaplasty and in 18 having simple mastectomy with pectoral node biopsy, a 6.2 per cent solution of sodium sulphan blue was injected peripherally to outline the lymph nodes in the groin or axilla. Nodes and vessels were easily seen and the technique is now in routine use.

Breast Neoplasms↗