Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A V Greco

Publications and source records attributed to A V Greco.

269 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The natural history and risk factors for progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition of increasing incidence in western Countries seldom associated to other diseases of high prevalence in general population (i.e. diabetes and obesity). NAFLD ranges from simple fatty liver to steatohepatitis (NASH), which may lead to cryptogenic cirrhosis and in some cases hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Natural history of NAFLD in humans is poorly understood and progression of liver disease seems to be due to interaction between hosting (i.e. genetic, gut flora, insulin resistance) and environmental factors (social and eating behaviours) that should be responsible of increased oxidative stress within hepatocytes. Even if we need non-invasive markers able to describe the progression of liver disease, only meaning of liver biopsy is useful to characterize the stigmata of worsening such as inflammation and fibrosis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fatty liver and drugs.

Drug-induced liver diseases (DILD) are clinico-pathologic patterns of liver injury caused by drugs or other foreign compounds. Steatohepatitis is a rare form of DILD, and drugs account for fewer than 2% of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Drugs known to be capable of inducing steatosis and steatohepatitis can be divided into three broad groups: those that cause steatosis and steatohepatitis independently (e.g., amiodarone, perhexiline maleate); drugs which can precipitate latent NASH (e.g., tamoxifen); drugs whic duce sporadic events of steatosis/steatohepatitis (e.g., carbamazepine). Clinical DILD syndromes include acute viral hepatitis-like injury, acute liver failure, cholestatic hepatitis,liver disease with signs of hypersensitivity, autoimmune hepatitis-like injury, acute venous-Outflow obstruction, chronic cholestasis, ciirrhosis, steatosis and steatohepatitis. The clinical picture is by no means dependent on the mechanism of injury (direct hepatotoxicity, idiosyncratic reactions, hypersensitivity reactions). Reliable diagnosis of drug-induced liver disease requires demonstration of close correlation between the patient history and clinical, laboratory, and histological data.

Amiodarone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acetylcholine release in experimental autonomic neuropathy.

Autonomic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. In this study we evaluated autonomic neuropathy by determining somatostatin (S-14)-evoked acetylcholine (Ach) release from postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers in the atria of controls (C) and streptozotocin diabetic rats (STZ-D), with and without tetrodotoxin (TTX). The release induced by S-14 did not differ in C and STZ-D. TTX blocked S-14 induced Ach in C but failed in STZ-D. TTX resistance in STZ-D may be explained by variations of membrane potential in nerve fibers.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The nightly spontaneous alkalinization of the stomach.

Authors evaluated eighty-four 24-hour intragastric pH recordings of 73 subjects in different pathophysiologic conditions. Among them there were 12 healthy subjects, 27 duodenal ulcer patients, 10 of whom were examined both before and after treatment with H2 receptor antagonists, 18 gastro-esophageal refluxers and 16 other patients who complained of dyspepsia of various origins. Authors observed a spontaneous nocturnal alkalinization phenomenon of the stomach (SNA) which began in the latter part of the night; its onset was strongly related with sleeping and interrupted by waking up. This phenomenon was absent in duodenal ulcer patients but could be restored by treatment with anti-H2 drugs. The authors, moreover, gave evidences of a relation between SNA and the vagal integrity and modulation of the gastric secretions.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nosography of intestinal lymphomas].

Lymphomas can be localized to the gastrointestinal tract and can be primitive or secondary to a systemic lymphoma. Lymphomas can be classified as Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's. The latter include IPSID (all of the B-cell) and non-IPSID lymphomas. The involvement of the small intestine in its entire length is a feature of IPSID lymphomas. Non-IPSID lymphomas include MALT-type, which is a B-cell lymphoma, and EATCL, a T-cell lymphoma which is a not infrequent complication of coeliac disease. There are several classifications of lymphomas: the one by Isaacson is the most widely used at present.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal malabsorption, celiac disease and associated lymphoma: from symptoms to diagnosis].

The clinical consequences of intestinal malabsorption are extremely variable and a dissociation between malabsorption, malabsorption syndrome and enteropathy is often noted. Enteropathy does not always results in malabsorption and in an alteration of the tests exploring the absorptive function. The following have particular relevance in clinical practice: coeliac disease, malabsorption induced by microbiologic agent (including Whipple's disease), post-surgical malabsorption and selective carbohydrate malabsorption. In particular, coeliac disease has been analyzed in its various aspects, from studies with organ cultures to immunological hypotheses, from the classical variety to subclinical forms and to serious complications, such as enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma. Malabsorption syndromes are dramatically underdiagnosed: in the typical case of coeliac disease, enteropathy represents a clinical iceberg, and the discovery of the submerged portion, represented by the polymorphous subclinical varieties, has just started. As far as intestinal malabsorption is concerned, the main clinical problem regards diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medium-chain triglycerides for parenteral nutrition: kinetic profile in humans.

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) have been introduced as lipid substrates in parenteral nutrition because of their rapid and complete oxidation. Although there are many clinical studies on the use of MCTs in parenteral nutrition there are only a few studies on their kinetics; most of these studies used indirect methods (such as light scattering) to determine MCT concentrations in plasma. We determined the hydrolysis rate of MCTs to medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and the disposition rate of MCFAs in nine healthy volunteers who received an intravenous bolus of MCTs as 10% MCT + 10% long-chain triglyceride solution. MCTs and MCFAs were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. One linear compartment model was used and its parameters were numerically estimated. The first-order transformation constant of the hydrolysis step from MCT to MCFA was 0.0964 +/- 0.0152 min-1(for 8- and 10-carbon pooled together); the rate constant for tissue MCFA uptake from plasma was 0.0725 +/- 0.0230 min-1. The apparent volumes of distribution were about 4.5 L for MCT and 19 L for MCFA in a typical 70-kg subject. The plasma half-life of MCT was 11 min and that of MCFA was 17 min. The limiting step in the clinical use of MCTs seems to be tissue uptake of MCFAs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obesity.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗