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Biomedical subjects

A Uchino

Publications and source records attributed to A Uchino.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Uptake of orally administered polystyrene latex and poly(D,L-lactic/glycolic acid) microspheres into intestinal lymphoid tissues in chickens.

Fluorescein-labeled microspheres were orally administered to chickens and their distribution in intestinal lymphoid tissues was investigated. Polystyrene latex microspheres were observed in Peyer's patches, and also in the Meckel's diverticulum and the jejunum. Their density, however, seemed to be lower than that in Peyer's patches. Microspheres were rarely observed in the other intestinal tissues examined, including the bursa of Fabricius. Of note is that, although microspheres were present in the lumen, few, if any, were observed in the lamina propria of the caecal tonsil and caecum. Polystyrene latex microspheres of diameter 2.0 microm or 4.5 microm were also observed in Peyer's patches, but their density seemed to be lower as compared with the 0.75 microm microspheres. Poly(D,L-lactic/glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were prepared using PLGAs of various molecular weights (MW) and their uptake into Peyer's patches was compared. Microspheres prepared with PLGA of average MW of 20000 were not taken up into Peyer's patches, but those prepared with PLGA of average MW of 61000 or 99 800 were taken up into Peyer's patches.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Thallium-201 SPECT of adjacent intracranial tumours: a contrast in thallium kinetics.

We report a case of adjacent intracranial tumours: malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and meningioma. Thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography demonstrated different thallium kinetics between the tumours (slow washout from the MFH and rapid clearance in the meningioma) and could be said to have been useful for preoperative histological estimation.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of adjuvants with respect to serum IgG antibody response in orally immunized chickens.

We have previously shown that oral immunization with non-replicating antigens hardly induced serum IgG antibody response in chickens and addition of sodium fluoride (NaF) to the immunogen markedly improved their immunological states. In the present study, taurine, lithium and Quillaja saponin (Q-SAP) were compared with NaF with respect to their enhancement of serum IgG antibody response in chickens after oral immunization. The antibody titer of chickens which received Q-SAP as the mucosal adjuvant tended to be higher than that of chickens which received antigen plus NaF. Simultaneous administration of antigen with lithium or taurine elicited a higher antibody titer in chickens compared to those of chickens orally immunized with antigen alone, but the effect of these two adjuvants was less efficient compared with that of NaF. These results suggested that Q-SAP as well as NaF is useful as an oral adjuvant for chickens.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1999

Decreased plasma tryptophan associated with deep white matter lesions in elderly subjects.

The aim was to identify potentially treatable risk factors for cerebral white matter lesions often found on MRI in elderly persons. findings were assessed on 1.0 T MRI of 178 subjects living in the community and aged 60 years or older. Participants underwent standardised evaluations including standard questionnaires, a physical and neurological examination, cognitive function tests, electrocardiogram, a complete blood chemistry panel, and plasma amino acid measurements. Brain MRI infarcts, deep white matter lesions (DWMLs), and periventricular hyperintensities were found in 26%, 43%, and 29% of the 178 participants, respectively. Subjects with DWMLs were significantly older and had a higher frequency of hypertension, higher systolic blood pressure, and more brain infarcts, but lower plasma concentrations of tryptophan. In the multivariate model, greater age and lower plasma tryptophan concentrations were independently associated with DWMLs. Tryptophan concentrations were inversely related to DWML grading, whereas hypertension and brain infarction were more common in subjects with higher extents of DWMLs. The present study suggests that greater age and lower plasma tryptophan concentrations were important in producing DWMLs in elderly subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Cystic dilatation of ventriculus terminalis in adults: MRI.

We report the MRI findings in two patients with cystic dilatation of the ventriculus terminalis. The latter is usually a tiny ependyma-lined cavity of the conus medullaris. In both cases the markedly dilated ventriculus terminalis was seen as a rounded cavity with regular margins, the content of which gave the same signal as cerebrospinal fluid with all MR pulse sequences. No contrast enhancement was seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Model-based surgical planning and simulation of cranial base surgery.

Plastic skull models of seven individual patients were fabricated by stereolithography from three-dimensional data based on computed tomography bone images. Skull models were utilized for neurosurgical planning and simulation in the seven patients with cranial base lesions that were difficult to remove. Surgical approaches and areas of craniotomy were evaluated using the fabricated skull models. In preoperative simulations, hand-made models of the tumors, major vessels and nerves were placed in the skull models. Step-by-step simulation of surgical procedures was performed using actual surgical tools. The advantages of using skull models to plan and simulate cranial base surgery include a better understanding of anatomic relationships, preoperative evaluation of the proposed procedure, increased understanding by the patient and family, and improved educational experiences for residents and other medical staff. The disadvantages of using skull models include the time and cost of making the models. The skull models provide a more realistic tool that is easier to handle than computer-graphic images. Surgical simulation using models facilitates difficult cranial base surgery and may help reduce surgical complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Blood blisterlike aneurysms of the internal carotid artery.

OBJECT: An aneurysm arising from the anterior wall of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a poorly understood entity. A small hemispherical bulge from the anterior wall of the ICA, which is called a "blood blisterlike aneurysm" (BBA), may be confused with a tiny berry aneurysm although the clinical features are distinctly different. This paper summarizes the clinical course of patients with this lesion to clarify the nature of the BBA. METHODS: Six patients with BBAs who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are described. In all patients, the initial angiogram obtained soon after SAH showed only a small bulge from the anterior wall of the ICA. In three of the six patients this bulge had progressed to a saccular appearance within a few weeks. The wall of the lesion was so thin and fragile that the aneurysm ruptured at the base during clipping or within a few hours after clipping in two patients. CONCLUSIONS: From the authors' experience, as well as a review of the literature, which includes an autopsy study of similar cases, it is inferred that these lesions are focal wall defects covered only with thin fibrous tissue and that they are therefore not true aneurysms. Direct clipping often causes laceration of the lesion, whereas complete wrapping or clipping after wrapping is effective, but may fail to prevent growth of the aneurysm. Endovascular occlusion of the cervical ICA with or without bypass surgery, which is less risky than direct surgery, is another option.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Intraorbital wooden and bamboo foreign bodies: CT.

We describe the CT findings of intraorbital wooden and bamboo foreign bodies in the acute, subacute, and chronic stages. We examined four patients using CT a total of seven times. The CT findings were reviewed. There were three dry wooden foreign bodies. CT within a day of the accident demonstrated wooden foreign bodies as low density relative to surrounding orbital fat, while CT 8-29 days after the accident showed them as denser than the extraocular muscles. In the acute stage, dry wooden foreign bodies mimic air bubbles. Wooden foreign bodies in the subacute and chronic stages should be included in the differential diagnosis of intraorbital lesions of soft tissue density or above on CT of traumatised orbits. There was one dry bamboo foreign body. Within a day of the accident it was recognised as linear lesion isodense with fat. Therefore, such foreign bodies may be missed on CT when located in the orbital fat.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

CT and MRI of sellar spine with upward extension of the pituitary gland: case report.

This is a report of CT and MRI findings in a patient with a sellar spine which caused deformity of the pituitary gland. The sellar spine is an infrequent anatomical variant characterized by an osseous spine which arises in the midline from the anterior aspect of the dorsum sellae and extends into the pituitary fossa. The CT and MRI findings of sellar spine have been described in previous reports; however, only one investigator reported deformity of the pituitary gland as revealed by CT. This is the first report of the MRI finding of the sellar spine associated with a deformity and superior extension of the pituitary gland, mimicking pituitary hypertrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Spinal cord herniation: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Idiopathic herniation of the spinal cord is an extremely rare disorder which may cause progressive myelopathy. Two cases of this entity reported herein were both examined using MRI and CT myelography. The typical appearance of this disease with or without a dorsal intradural arachnoid cyst is focal ventral displacement of the mid-thoracic spinal cord, mimicking an isolated intradural spinal arachnoid cyst on MRI. CT myelography using thin slice sections is useful in the diagnosis of this disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Type D dural carotid-cavernous fistula. Results of combined treatment with irradiation and particulate embolization.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of irradiation combined with particulate embolization for treating type D dural carotid-cavernous fistulas, supplied by the meningeal branches of both external (ECA) and internal carotid arteries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine patients were treated by particulate embolization via the ECA branches, followed by radiation therapy with doses of 30 Gy. One of these patients with recurrent symptoms received an additional 30 Gy one year after initial treatment, making a total dose of 60 Gy. RESULTS: In all cases, symptoms were improved immediately after the particulate embolizations. In 8 cases, complete resolution of symptoms were obtained in 4-19 months and an average of 8 months after treatment. In one case, chemosis was markedly improved and persisted minimally 41 months later. CONCLUSION: Particulate embolization is effective for immediate symptomatic improvement, and complete resolution of symptoms can usually be achieved by subsequent radiation therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Giant cell reparative granuloma of the cranial vault.

We describe a case of giant cell reparative granuloma in the cranial vault, which is an extremely rare location for this entity. CT scans showed an enhancing skull tumor with no surrounding sclerosis in the frontal bone. MR images showed a mass isointense with gray matter on both T1- and T2-weighted images.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Double cerebral venous angiomas: MRI.

Using a 1.5 Tesla MR imager, we examined 58 patients with venous angiomas (VA); images were also obtained following contrast medium in 33. Of the 58 patients 29 underwent selective cerebral angiography. We found in all 63 VA, including two with arterial components; 5 of the 58 patients thus each had two VA. The VA were supratentorial and bilateral in 4 cases; the remaining patient had supra- and infratentorial VA. Of these 5 patients, 4 received intravenous contrast medium and in 2 of them, the second VA was so small that it was detectable only on the contrast-enhanced images. The incidence of double VA in patients receiving contrast medium was 12% (4/33).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Intracranial epidermoid carcinoma: CT and MRI.

We report a patient with an epidermoid carcinoma an extremely rare brain tumour, in the right cerebellopontine angle cistern. Contrast enhancement is the most important feature for differential diagnosis of epidermoid carcinomas from atypical benign epidermoid cysts.

Brain↗
PubMed1995

[High flow priapism following a straddle-injury-induced arteriocavernosal fistula: a case report].

A 26-year-old man with high flow priapism after blunt perineal trauma, is described herein. Patient evaluation included intracavernal blood-gasometry, cavernography, color flow Doppler sonography. The blood-gasometry showed pH 7.413, pO2 77.9 mmHg, pCO2 41.0 mmHg, HCO2- 26.1 mmol/L, BE 2.0 mmol/L. By direct cavernosography, pooling of contrast agent was seen at the root of the penis. Color flow Doppler sonography revealed pulsatile, turbulent flow within left corpus cavernosum. Our case was diagnosed as high flow priapism from these findings. Detumescence was not achieved by an alpha-adrenergic agent. Superselective embolization of the deep artery of the penis with autologous blood clot was performed with good results. Our case demonstrates that this procedure is a safe and effective therapy for high flow priapism and that erectile function can return to normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

MRI of the brain in chronic carbon monoxide poisoning.

We examined 13 patients with chronic carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); all of them had been in an explosion in a coal mine 25 years previously. Symmetrical globus pallidus lesions were observed in 12, as was degeneration of the white matter, with focal cortical atrophy. The temporal parietal and occipital lobes were usually affected, the parietooccipital region being the most frequently and extensively damaged. Of the 12 patients with white matter degeneration 7 had definitely asymmetrical cortical and subcortical lesions. There were 6 patients with dilated temporal horns, probably due to atrophy of the hippocampal gyri. A history of CO inhalation and an awareness of the typical distributions of lesions are important for recognition of the effects of CO poisoning, especially when patients are in the chronic stage.

Accidents, Occupational↗