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Biomedical subjects

A Uchida

Publications and source records attributed to A Uchida.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Cytoprotective effect of NC-1300-O-3 against gastric lesions induced by necrotizing agents in rats.

The cytoprotective effect of NC-1300-O-3 and its mechanism of action were investigated. NC-1300-O-3 at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg, p.o. significantly prevented the formation of gastric lesions by HCl.ethanol in rats, and its efficacy was not influenced by repeated administration for up to 4 weeks. The interaction between NC-1300-O-3 and necrotizing agents in the stomach, which is considered to be related to the development of cytoprotection, was not observed. A preventive effect of NC-1300-O-3 against gastric lesions was observed at the same dose even when gastric secretion was completely inhibited by pretreatment with omeprazole. This suggests that the cytoprotective effect of NC-1300-O-3 is an action on the gastric mucosa independent of its antisecretory effect. The cytoprotective effect of NC-1300-O-3 was not affected by pretreatment with indomethacin but was partly decreased by N-ethylmaleimide pretreatment, suggesting the participation of endogenous sulfhydryl compounds in the action of NC-1300-O-3. This compound dose-dependently increased the hexosamine content in the gastric lumen in rats at a dose range of 3-30 mg/kg, p.o. and slightly inhibited a reduction in surface mucus and mucosal hexosamine content caused by necrotizing agents. Moreover, NC-1300-O-3 at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg, p.o. significantly inhibited the increased gastric vascular permeability caused by alcohol treatment; and at 30 mg/kg, p.o., it inhibited the reduction in potential difference caused by aspirin in rats. These actions were suggested to contribute to the cytoprotective effect of NC-1300-O-3.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1994

Limitations of panoramic radiography in the detection of bone defects in the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus: an experimental study.

Some lesions in the maxillary sinus may be adequately detected by panoramic radiography. The present study was designed to evaluate the ability of panoramic radiography in detecting experimental bony defects in the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus by comparison with Waters' projection and CT. Bony defects in the mediosuperior and medioinferior regions of the posterior wall were readily detected by panoramic radiography, but those in the laterosuperior or centre were not. It is concluded that there are limitations to the detection of bony defects in the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus by panoramic radiography alone. It is recommended that this technique should not be used for the detection of small osteolytic lesions in the maxillary sinus.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1994

Contingent negative variations associated with jaw opening in humans.

We examined the relationship between contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitude and digastric muscle activity in jaw-opening motor task. Subjects were instructed to open their jaws in response to a sound stimulus following a visual warning stimulus. Electroencephalograms were averaged by using the visual stimulus pulse as a trigger. Bilateral CNVs were clearly recorded at several cortical locations, with a tendency for larger amplitudes at temporal placements.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case of immature teratoma and yolk sac tumor of the testis associated with pulmonary metastases of 2 distinct histological types].

A 24-year-old man presented with right scrotal swelling and was diagnosed as having a testicular cancer. A high inguinal orchiectomy was carried out. Histological examination revealed immature teratoma and yolk sac tumor of the testis. Eight months later, 2 separate metastatic lesions appeared in the lungs, both of which were removed by operation after a course of combination chemotherapy with Etoposide and Cisplatin. The histology showed one to be composed of immature teratoma, and the another of yolk sac tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The hypoosmotic swelling test.

In the present study, the effect of the concentration of the hypoosmotic solution, incubation time and duration from sperm collection to incubation on the hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test were evaluated. Sperm were obtained from 20 fertile donors. The most stable sperm tail swelling was obtained at 150 mOsm. Incubation for 30 minutes was sufficient for the evaluation of overall swelling but not for the evaluation of b- and g-type sperm swelling. This suggests that incubation for one hour is necessary to obtain stable results. Incubation for more than one hour did not affect the percentage or type of sperm swelling. The time from sperm collection to incubation did not affect the HOS test. The HOS test is practical and not affected by the duration of incubation or time from sperm collection to incubation.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1994

Effect of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, TCV-116, on cardiac hypertrophy and coronary circulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

To determine whether an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (AT antagonist) could improve the impaired coronary circulation as well as induce regression of cardiac hypertrophy in the hypertensive heart, and to elucidate whether the nitric oxide system in the coronary artery was involved in this mechanism, the AT1 antagonist, TCV-116 (10 mg/kg), was administered orally to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), and coronary flow was measured in the isolated hearts. High systolic blood pressure in SHR was significantly reduced by a 2-week treatment with TCV. Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in SHR regressed after TCV treatment, while LV weight in WKY was not reduced. Total minimum coronary vascular resistance (MCVR) obtained with adenosine (10(-5) M) infusions in a Langendorff apparatus was significantly greater in SHR than in WKY. Increased MCVR in SHR was reduced after TCV treatment. Coronary perfusion with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine monoacetate (L-NMMA) increased coronary vascular resistance (CVR) in WKY, while it failed to increase CVR in SHR. TCV treatment restored the responses to L-NMMA in SHR. These findings suggest that the AT1 antagonist, TCV-116, lowered the high blood pressure in SHR, concomitantly improving the impaired coronary circulation, and that it induced regression of the cardiac hypertrophy. The suppressed nitric oxide (NO) system in the coronary vessels in SHR appeared to be activated by TCV treatment.

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists↗
PubMed1994

Angiosarcoma developing from chronic pyothorax.

In our previous study, we suggested that long-standing pleural inflammation might be an etiological factor for development of pleural soft-tissue sarcomas, especially malignant fibrous histiocytoma and angiosarcoma (AS). To study the etiological importance of chronic pyothorax for development of pleural AS, a nationwide study of AS in Japan was carried out. Histological and clinical findings in 99 collected cases with AS were reviewed. Six (6%) of the 99 cases were chronic pyothorax-associated AS. Another three cases of pyothorax-associated AS previously reported by us were also included. They were eight males and one female from 45 to 74 yr of age (median 65 yr). All patients had a 15- to 40- (mean 30) yr history of chronic tuberculous pyothorax. Histologically, the tumors contained irregular, occasionally dilated vascular channels, which were invested by tumor cells with an epithelioid appearance. From the statistical data reported previously, annual incidence of AS is probably 0.01 to 0.02 per 100,000 population. Meanwhile, there was an incidence rate of pyothorax-associated AS among chronic pyothorax patients of 0.036 per 100 patients. Thus, the frequency rate of pyothorax-associated AS is supposedly over 3600-fold higher than that in normal population. The present study shows that chronic tuberculous pyothorax is one of the causes of AS development.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

A study on ADH2 and ALDH2 genotyping by PCR-RFLP and SSCP analyses with description of allele and genotype frequencies in Japanese, Finn and Lapp populations.

Genetic polymorphisms of the alcohol dehydrogenase ADH2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH2 genes were investigated in Japanese, Finn, and Lapp populations by using PCR-RFLP and SSCP analyses. The ALDH2 genotypes were unequivocally determined by a PCR-RFLP assay with a mismatched primer. The determination of the ADH2 genotypes, however, was found to be problematic in PCR with the reported oligonucleotide primer sets because there are high homologies among the ADHl, ADH2, and ADH3 gene sequences. The problem of the heterozygote excess in typing results obtained by using the previously reported PCR-RFLP methods was resolved by nested PCR, in which an internal primer set reamplified the ADH2 sequence selectively from a mixture of the ADH gene sequences amplified in the first PCR amplification of genomic DNA samples as templates. A newly designed primer pair with longer sequences and single 3' end mismatches was later found to achieve a predominant amplification of the ADH2 sequence in a single PCR. RFLP and SSCP analyses of PCR products with the new primer set gave results fully consistent with those by nested PCR. Thus, the ADH2 genotypes defined in this study were free from any typing errors. The ADH2 and ALDH2 allele frequencies observed in this study were found not to be biased significantly from those reported previously from Japanese populations, and these were monomorphic for Lapp and Finn populations.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1993

Aggressive pulmonary metastasectomy for soft tissue sarcomas.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of aggressive pulmonary metastasectomy for treating soft tissue sarcomas, the clinical data on the surgical management of 23 patients with extensive pulmonary metastases from soft tissue sarcomas were reviewed. METHODS: Between January 1973 and April 1991, 9 male patients and 14 female patients were treated. Their ages ranged from 13-68 years (median, 42 years). Twenty-one patients (91%) had bilateral and multiple metastases, and two patients had solitary metastasis. The number of resected metastatic nodules ranged from 1-110 (mean, 30.5). As an initial surgical approach, median sternotomy was used on 18 patients and lateral thoracotomy on 5 patients. Eleven patients underwent two or more explorations for recurrent metastases using lateral thoracotomy. The neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was adopted in 10 patients since 1986. RESULTS: The actuarial 2-year and 5-year survival rates after the first pulmonary resection were 49.7% and 24.8%, respectively. Histologic type (alveolar soft part sarcoma versus synovial sarcoma, P < 0.025), histologic grade (G1 and G2 versus G3, P < 0.01), and metastatic localization (subpleural versus extrapleural, P < 0.005) were the most significant prognostic factors for aggressive pulmonary metastasectomy of soft tissue sarcomas. Application of laser surgery, absence of local recurrences, and absence of extrapulmonary metastases before pulmonary resection also correlated with better prognosis with borderline significance. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive pulmonary metastasectomy for soft tissue sarcomas is a recommended procedure, even in the case of extensive metastases. The combination of median sternotomy and Nd:YAG laser-assisted surgery is a useful technique, especially in bilateral multiple pulmonary metastases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Histologic grading in soft-tissue sarcomas. An analysis of 194 cases including AgNOR count and mast-cell count.

In order to establish a new histologic grading system for STS, we evaluated histologic prognostic factors. For this purpose, we selected 194 patients with STS: 31 in the upper extremities, 63 in the trunk, and 100 in lower extremities. All the patients were treated by surgery, followed by chemotherapy in 74 cases, radiotherapy in 11, chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 30, or no adjuvant treatment in 79. Histologic factors evaluated were mitotic count, extent of necrosis, cellularity, cellular pleomorphism, extent of myxoid change, sclerosis, non-specific histologic diagnosis, counting of reaction product in silver stain for nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) and mast-cell counts. Univariate analysis revealed mitotic count, necrosis, cellularity, cellular pleomorphism, non-specific histologic classification, AgNOR count and mast-cell count to be significantly related to prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that AgNOR count, cellularity and necrosis were independent prognostic factors. A new grading system was introduced: low-grade, intermediate-grade and high-grade. The survival between each group were significantly different; the 5-year-survival rate in patients of the low-, intermediate- and high-grade groups was 87%, 74% and 35% respectively. Our findings suggest that this histologic grading system may be useful for making therapeutic decisions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Usefulness of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer staining for histologic grading of soft-tissue sarcomas.

Accurate histologic grading is essential for making a proper therapy decision in soft-tissue sarcomas (STS). The usefulness of the argyrophilic stain for nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) in assessing the histologic grade of STS has been examined. One hundred and forty-two patients with STS confined to the extremity and trunk were selected. Tumors were classified based on the criteria of Enzinger and Weiss ["Soft-Tissue Tumors." St. Louis: C. V. Mosby, 1983]. In addition, non-specific classification was made based on the shape of proliferating cells occupying more than 50% of the field in the sections such as pleomorphic cell, small round cell, spindle cell, epithelioid cell, myxoid, and unclassified tumors. The mean number of AgNOR dots per nucleus of tumor cells was calculated in 200 cells (AgNOR count). Each category of non-specific classification was divided into a high-count group (< 8 AgNOR count) and a low-count group (> 8 NOR). The low-count group showed a significantly better prognosis than the high-count group in small round cell and spindle cell tumors (P < 0.007 and P < 0.0005, respectively). Similar results were obtained in pleomorphic cell tumors, though they were statistically not significant because of the relatively small number of examined cases. Most patients with epithelioid cell and myxoid tumors were in the low-count group. These findings suggest that the assessment of histologic grading of STS could be made effectively by the non-specific classification and the aid of AgNOR staining.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1993

Suppression of natural killer cell activity by granulocytes in patients with aplastic anemia: role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

Patients with aplastic anemia were tested for natural killer (NK) activity, and the roles of granulocytes and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the regulation of cytotoxicity were evaluated. Blood lymphocytes showed low or no NK activity against K562 targets. The depression of NK activity was more frequently recorded for patients who were not in remission and those who received G-CSF administration. Granulocytes of aplastic anemia patients with impaired NK activity suppressed the lytic activity of NK cells. By contrast, granulocytes from normal controls and aplastic anemia patients with normal NK activity had no suppressive activity. There was a good correlation between NK activity of lymphocytes and suppressive activity of granulocytes. Blocking of direct contact of suppressor and effector cells by cell chambers abolished suppression of cytotoxicity. NK suppression by granulocytes was resistant to treatment with catalase or superoxide dismutase. In vitro stimulation with G-CSF of granulocytes that naturally had no suppressive activity resulted in development of suppressive function, whereas granulocytes with natural suppressive activity were not further stimulated in vitro by G-CSF to express augmented activity. These results suggest that the presence of suppressor granulocytes in the blood could be one cause of the impaired NK activity in patients with aplastic anemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Prevention of radiation-induced bacteraemia by post-treatment with OK-432 and aztreonam.

The effects of combined treatment with OK-432, an immunomodulator prepared from Streptococcus haemolyticus, and aztreonam, a monobactum antibiotic, in the prevention of radiation-induced bacteraemia and mortality were examined in ICR-MCH mice irradiated with 9.5 Gy. The organisms recovered from the irradiated mice were Streptococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis. Treatment with aztreonam reduced the incidence of mice infected with Proteus mirabilis (p < 0.01), but it showed no efficacy on Streptococcus faecalis. OK-432 could reduce the frequency of bacteraemia attributed to both organisms (p < 0.05). Combined treatment with OK-432 and aztreonam further decreased the incidence of bacteraemia by both organisms; no organisms were recovered at 14 days following irradiation. The survival rate at 30 days following irradiation was 80% in mice treated with OK-432 plus aztreonam and 55% with OK-432 alone, while it was 0% in the groups treated with aztreonam or saline alone. These results indicated that combined treatment with OK-432 and a suitable antibiotic such as aztreonam is more effective than OK-432 or aztreonam alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Inhibition of PMA-induced, LFA-1-dependent lymphocyte aggregation by ADP ribosylation of the small molecular weight GTP binding protein, rho.

Botulinum C3 exoenzyme specifically ADP-ribosylates a group of ras-related small molecular weight GTP-binding proteins, rho, and inhibits their biological activity. Using this enzyme, we examined the function of rho in PMA-induced activation of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) in a B lymphoblastoid cell line, JY. Northern blot analysis revealed that among the three rho genes, rhoA mRNA was predominantly expressed in JY cells. Consistently, only one [32P]ADP-ribosylated band was found when the lysate of the cells was subjected to ADP ribosylation by C3 exoenzyme. When the cells were cultured with C3 exoenzyme, this substrate was ADP-ribosylated in situ in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Concomitant with this ADP ribosylation, PMA-induced LFA-1/intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1-dependent aggregation of JY cells was inhibited. This inhibition was blocked by prior treatment of the enzyme with an anti-C3 monoclonal antibody, and overcome by stimulation with higher concentrations of PMA. The C3 exoenzyme-induced inhibition was not affected by shaking of the cell suspension, while inhibition of aggregation by cytochalasin B was abolished by this procedure, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of the C3 exoenzyme treatment was not due to decrease in cell motility. The C3 exoenzyme treatment affected neither protein phosphorylation in JY cells before and after PMA stimulation, nor affected surface expression of LFA-1 and ICAM-1. These results suggest that rhoA protein works downstream of protein kinase C activation linking PMA stimulation to LFA-1 activation and aggregation in JY cells.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗