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Biomedical subjects

A Tverdal

Publications and source records attributed to A Tverdal.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Non-fasting serum triglyceride concentration and mortality from coronary heart disease and any cause in middle aged Norwegian women.

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between non-fasting serum triglyceride concentrations and mortality in women from coronary and cardiovascular disease and all causes. DESIGN: Follow up by ambulatory teams of men and women who underwent cardiovascular screening for a mean of 14.6 years. SETTING: National health screening service in Norway. SUBJECTS: 25,058 men and 24,535 women aged 35-49 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Predictive value of non-fasting serum triglyceride concentrations. RESULTS: At initial screening total serum cholesterol concentration, serum triglyceride concentration, blood pressure, height, and weight were measured, and self reported information about smoking habits, physical activity, and time since last meal were recorded. During subsequent follow up 108 women died from coronary heart disease, 238 from cardiovascular diseases, and 931 from all causes. In women mortality increased steadily with increasing triglyceride concentration for all three causes of death. With the proportional hazards model and adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol concentration, time since last meal, and number of cigarettes a day the relative risk between triglyceride concentration > or = 3.5 mmol/l and < 1.5 mmol/l was 4.7 (95% confidence interval 2.5 to 8.9) for deaths from coronary heart disease, 3.0 (1.9 to 4.8) for deaths from cardiovascular disease, 2.3 (1.8 to 2.9) for total deaths in all women. CONCLUSIONS: A raised non-fasting concentration of triglycerides is an independent risk factor for mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and any cause mortality among middle aged Norwegian women in contrast to what is seen in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Risk factors for hip fracture in middle-aged Norwegian women and men.

Data from a prospective study were used to investigate risk factors for hip fracture among a representative population of middle-aged adults. During the years 1974-1978, all women (n = 25,298) and men (n = 27,015) aged 35-49 years in three Norwegian counties were invited to attend a cardiovascular screening (attendance rate = 91.5%). This cohort was followed throughout 1990 with respect to hip fracture, for a total of 572,006 person-years. A total of 281 new fractures were identified, of which 71 were excluded from the analysis due to high-energy trauma or fracture in metastatic bone. Age-adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for hip fracture increased with body height in women (RR = 3.62, 95% CI 1.46-8.97, > or = 1.70 m vs. < 1.55 m) and men (RR = 2.92, 95% CI 0.94-9.05, > or = 1.85 m vs. < 1.70 m). A history of diabetes mellitus also gave elevated risk of fracture (RR = 5.81, 95% CI 2.15-15.71 in women and RR = 7.67, 95% CI 2.40-24.53 in men). In addition, hip fracture was related to body mass index (inverse), disability pension, and marital status. An increased risk for smokers appeared only among those consuming > or = 15 cigarettes per day. In multivariate analysis, all these risks remained elevated. This study suggests that, as in older populations, known risk factors for low bone mass are related to hip fracture among middle-aged adults. In addition, body height seems to have an independent influence on hip fracture incidence in this age group.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Mortality in relation to smoking history: 13 years' follow-up of 68,000 Norwegian men and women 35-49 years.

A total of 44,290 men and 24,535 women aged 35-49 have been followed with respect to different causes of death during 13.3 years on average. A detailed history of smoking, together with other important risk factors, were recorded in a standardized way. Compared with the classical American and British studies, the excess mortality for the smokers was largely the same for the majority of causes. The exceptions were cerebrovascular mortality and suicides and accidents, which were more strongly related to smoking in this study. Furthermore, men who smoked only pipe, had nearly the same coronary heart disease mortality as men who smoked only cigarettes. The same applies to lung cancer mortality. Among men who had quit cigarette smoking, the coronary heart disease mortality decreased with time since quitting to almost the level of the never cigarette smokers after 5 years or more.

Accidents↗
PubMed1992

Tea consumption. relationship to cholesterol, blood pressure, and coronary and total mortality.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The relation of tea to cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and mortality from coronary heart disease and all causes was studied in 9,856 men and 10,233 women without history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. All men and women 35-49 years of age from the county of Oppland (Norway) were invited to participate; the attendance rate was 90%. RESULTS: Mean serum cholesterol decreased with increasing tea consumption, the linear trend coefficient corresponded to a difference of 0.24 mmol/liter (9.3 mg/dl) in men and 0.15 mmol/liter (5.8 mg/dl) in women between drinkers of less than one cup and those of five or more cups/day, when other risk factors were taken into account. Systolic blood pressure was inversely related to tea with a difference between the same two tea groups of 2.1 mm in men and 3.5 mm in women. Altogether 396 men and 237 women died from all causes, and of these 141 and 18, respectively, died from coronary heart disease during the 12-year follow-up period. The mortality rate was higher (not statistically significant) among persons drinking no tea or less than one cup compared with persons drinking one or more cups/day. This applies to men and women and to coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality. For men, the relative risk (one or more versus less than one cup) for coronary death from Cox regression was 0.64 (95% CI:0.38, 1.07).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary, cardiovascular and all cause mortality among middle-aged Norwegian men and women.

From 1977 to 1982 screening for cardiovascular disease was performed in three Norwegian counties. All those aged between 40 and 54 years were invited, of whom 23,690 men and 23,425 women (90%) attended. Smoking habits and previous cardiovascular disease were recorded; total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), triglycerides and blood pressure were measured. During subsequent follow-up (mean 6.8 years) 422 men and 54 women died from coronary heart disease, 514 and 114 from all cardiovascular diseases and 983 and 404 from all causes, men and women respectively. For men, mortality decreased with increasing HDL cholesterol, to a minimum of around 1.5 mmol.l-1 (58 mg.dl-1), whereafter mortality increased. This applies to coronary, cardiovascular and all causes of death, as well as to men with and without a history of disease. The association between mortality and HDL cholesterol in healthy men disappeared when total cholesterol was below 6.5 mmol.l-1 (251 mg.dl-1). The inverse association between mortality and HDL cholesterol in women was somewhat stronger than in men, both for coronary and cardiovascular diseases. The relative risks of coronary death, associated with an increase in HDL cholesterol of 0.5 mmol.l-1 (19 mg.dl-1), from the Cox proportional hazards regression, with other major cardiovascular risk factors as covariates, were 0.8 (95% confidence interval: 0.6, 1.0) and 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) for men with and without history of disease, respectively. Corresponding figures for women were 0.5 (0.3, 0.9) and 0.7 (0.4, 1.3).

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

Coffee consumption and death from coronary heart disease in middle aged Norwegian men and women.

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between number of cups of coffee consumed per day and coronary death when taking other major coronary risk factors into account. DESIGN: Men and women attending screening and followed up for a mean of 6.4 years. SETTING: Cardiovascular survey performed by ambulatory teams from the National Health Screening Service in Norway. PARTICIPANTS: All middle aged people in three counties: 19,398 men and 19,166 women aged 35-54 years who reported neither cardiovascular disease or diabetes nor symptoms of angina pectoris or intermittent claudication. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Predictive value of number of cups of coffee consumed per day. RESULTS: At initial screening total serum cholesterol concentration, high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, blood pressure, height, and weight were measured and self reported information about smoking history, physical activity, and coffee drinking habits was recorded. Altogether 168 men and 16 women died of coronary heart disease during follow up. Mean cholesterol concentrations for men and women were almost identical and increased from the lowest to highest coffee consumption group (13.1% and 10.9% respectively). With the proportional hazards model and adjustment for age, total serum and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, systolic blood pressure, and number of cigarettes per day the coefficient for coffee corresponded to a relative risk between nine or more cups of coffee and less than one cup of 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 4.5) for men and 5.1 (0.4 to 60.3) for women. For men the relative risk varied among the three counties. CONCLUSIONS: Coffee may affect mortality from coronary heart disease over and above its effect in raising cholesterol concentrations.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

The effect of coffee on blood lipids and blood pressure. Results from a Norwegian cross-sectional study, men and women, 40-42 years.

The association between boiled and filter coffee consumption and levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure was studied, including 14168 men and 14859 women. A total of 94% drank coffee, 55% of the men and 48% of the women drank more than 4 cups per day. The type of coffee consumed varied between the counties, from 11 to 49% boiled and 49 to 87% filter coffee. Serum cholesterol increased linearly with increasing coffee consumption, and most strongly for boiled coffee. Controlling for other variables gave, for boiled coffee, an 8% increase for men and 10% for women. For filter coffee drinkers the coffee dose-cholesterol association remained significant only for women. Triglycerides showed a negative association with coffee, significant after adjustment for other variables. This effect was stronger for filter than for boiled coffee in both sexes. For men and women drinking 1 cup of coffee or more, a significant negative association between both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and number of cups of filter coffee was found. The influence of high consumption of different coffee-types on death rate from coronary heart disease is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Serum triglycerides as an independent risk factor for death from coronary heart disease in middle-aged Norwegian men.

The relation between nonfasting serum triglycerides and death from coronary heart disease was studied in 37,546 men aged 35-49 years who were examined during 1972-1977 in four counties in Norway. During an average follow-up period of nine years, 369 deaths from coronary heart disease occurred. In univariate analysis, log(triglycerides) were a weak, but statistically significant predictor of coronary death in the age groups 40-44 and 45-49 years. Within-area analysis showed that a high triglyceride area represented no extreme. When other coronary risk factors were adjusted for, log(triglycerides) remained a significant independent predictor at ages 45-49 years and at higher levels of serum cholesterol. The predictive strength of serum cholesterol was largely the same whether log(triglycerides) were taken into account or not, whereas the predictive strength of log(triglycerides) depended on whether serum cholesterol was accounted for. The strength of coronary death prediction of the logarithm of serum triglycerides was hardly greater than might be explained by the fact that triglycerides are an indicator of the usual cholesterol level of the subject.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Protective effect of BCG vaccination in Norway 1956-73.

The protective effect of BCG vaccination in Norway in the first 10 years after vaccination is estimated to have been 80%. The effect was higher during the first 5 years after vaccination than during the next 5 years. Restricting the calculation to infectious cases only the protective effect was 60%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Systolic and diastolic blood pressures as predictors of coronary heart disease in middle aged Norwegian men.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were compared as predictors of mortality from coronary heart disease in Norwegian men aged 35-49. A total of 39,207 men were followed up for an average of 8.9 years; 385 died of coronary heart disease. Diastolic blood pressure seemed to be the better predictor, the difference being most pronounced in the age group 35-39. At this age 26% more deaths from coronary heart disease were found in the upper quintile of diastolic blood pressure compared with the upper quintile of systolic blood pressure. At ages 45-49 there were almost the same numbers of deaths from coronary heart disease in the upper quintiles of systolic and diastolic pressures. These findings suggest that the relative predictive strength of systolic and diastolic blood pressure may be dependent on age. Furthermore, for very obese men the association between blood pressure and death from coronary heart disease is much weaker.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Notification of tuberculosis in the south-west health region of Norway: incidence and trends.

A survey of tuberculosis notification from the south-west health region of Norway showed a decrease from 17.7 cases of tuberculosis per 100,000 population during 1969-1973 to 12.3 cases per 100,000 during 1979-1983. The notification rate linearly increased with age from the age of 20 years on a logarithmic scale. The downward trend in notification was less marked in the last 5-year period compared with the first 5-year period probably due to changes in notification procedures in 1976, an epidemic of tuberculosis in the health region and on oil platforms in the North Sea in 1980 and an increased immigration of people from areas with high incidence of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of the extrathoracic lymph nodes was during 1979-1983 the most frequent location of non-respiratory tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Body mass index and incidence of tuberculosis.

The association between body mass index (BMI) and incidence of tuberculosis was studied among 1,717,655 persons older than 14 years who were followed for 8-19 years. The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis decreased with increasing BMI. The trend was roughly linear on the log scale, and was the same for both sexes and all age groups. X-ray-positive (calcification, pleural changes, infiltration) individuals showed the same trend, but on a much higher level than X-ray-negative individuals. When the total observation period was subdivided according to duration, the trend was found to be only slightly less steep for 10-19 years than for 0-4 and 5-9 years. When the material was divided simultaneously by group of observation years and by miniature X-ray findings, the association persisted. No association was seen between the incidence of other forms of tuberculosis and BMI. For persons reported with tuberculosis, a slightly decreasing mortality of tuberculosis was seen with increasing BMI, while mortality, all causes, seemed to have a slightly U-shaped association with BMI.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Compartments within the lymph node cortex of calves and adult cattle differ in the distribution of leukocyte populations: an immunohistochemical study using computer-assisted morphometric analysis.

The combination of an immunohistochemical technique and a panel of monoclonal antibodies was used to investigate the presence of leukocyte populations in the distal jejunal lymph node of 3-4 week old calves and adult cattle. The application of computer-assisted morphometric analysis enabled information to be obtained on the distribution of leukocyte populations in lymphoid compartments of the lymph node cortex. Semi-quantitative estimates of the areas of staining in histological sections showed that calves possessed significantly fewer B-cells and CD4+ cells in the outer cortex and significantly fewer T-cells (CD4+, CD8+ and gamma delta T-cells) in the deep cortex. These findings were interpreted to be a possible consequence of immunosuppression resulting from the passive transfer of maternal immunity in colostrum. The presence of some B-cell follicles in the region defined as the deep cortex suggested the on-going differentiation of this predominantly T-cell compartment. The larger presence of interdigitating cells (IDC) in the deep cortex of calves than adults was suggested by significantly larger CD1+ populations and it was argued that this could be the result of the confrontation with exogenous antigen faced by calves in early postnatal life. Antigen presenting populations, pan MHC II+ and MHC II DQ+ populations, were increased in all compartments of calf lymph nodes but were not significantly different from the populations in adult lymph nodes. Variance component analysis of the data generated in the present study showed that the image analysis technique was an effective and statistically powerful approach to investigate leukocyte populations within the specific microenvironments of the lymph node.

Age Factors↗