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A Tuulio-Henriksson

Publications and source records attributed to A Tuulio-Henriksson.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Major depressive episode among young adults: CIDI-SF versus SCAN consensus diagnoses.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a highly structured diagnostic interview in relation to a semi-structured diagnostic procedure. We compared the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF) in diagnosing major depressive episode (MDE) to consensus diagnoses based on the SCAN interview (Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry). METHOD: Subjects comprised a follow-up sample of 239 20-24-year-old former high-school students who were administered the SCAN and immediately thereafter the CIDI-SF. Concordance was estimated for 12-month MDE, using different cut-points of the CIDI-SF and for any affective disorders. RESULTS: Correspondence between instruments was moderate for MDE (kappa = 0.43, sensitivity 0.71, specificity 0.82), but better for any affective disorder (kappa = 0.60, sensitivity 0.70, specificity 0.90). Most false negatives suffered from their depression as much as those correctly identified by the CIDI-SF. False negativity was mainly due to not endorsing the stem questions of the CIDI-SF. Of the false positives almost half had an affective disorder other than MDE. CONCLUSIONS: The CIDI-SF seems to function best in identifying a broader category of affective disorders. It could be useful in large-scale community surveys where more extensive psychiatric interviews are not feasible.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Correlates of initiation to cannabis use: a 5-year follow-up of 15-19-year-old adolescents.

Initiation to cannabis is often the first step in the use of illicit drugs. We studied the correlates of initiation in a 5-year follow-up study. A total of 21.4% of the subjects reported using cannabis at some time. Of the 139 users, 89.2% had tried cannabis not more than once or a few times. This initiation to cannabis was related to male gender, absence of mother, frequent lack of interest and early age at first sexual intercourse in logistic regression analysis. These factors seem to be useful in predicting initiation to cannabis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

One-month prevalence of depression and other DSM-IV disorders among young adults.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to provide prevalence data on depression and other current mental disorders, impairment, need of psychiatric care and use of mental health services among young adults. METHODS: Based on a semi-structured clinical interview, current DSM-IV disorders, impairment, need of psychiatric care and use of mental health services were evaluated in a sample of 20-24-year-old young urban adults (N = 245), mean age 21.8, screened from a baseline population of 706. One-month prevalence estimates for disorders were calculated by the double sampling method, using various additional criteria to identify cases. RESULTS: One in four young adults (23.8%) suffered from a current mental disorder, the most prevalent being depressive (10.8%), anxiety (6.9%), substance use (6.2%) and personality disorders (6.0%). Prevalence estimates varied substantially according to the use of additional diagnostic criteria. Impairment (GAF < 61) together with DSM-IV symptom criteria produced an overall disorder prevalence of 10.3%, and 5.5% for depression. Prevalences were higher for females than males, except for alcohol abuse and personality disorders. Current co-morbidity was found in 39% of subjects with any disorder, and in more than half of those with depression. One-third of subjects with a current disorder reported an associated contact with psychiatric services and 16% had an ongoing contact. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the use of additional criteria to produce clinically relevant prevalence data. Co-morbidity should receive special attention due to its amplification of both need for psychiatric care and severity of impairment. Finally, our results show disturbed young adults to be severely undertreated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The inheritance of neuropsychological dysfunction in twins discordant for schizophrenia.

While genetic influences in schizophrenia are substantial, the disorder's molecular genetic basis remains elusive. Progress has been hindered by lack of means to detect nonpenetrant carriers of the predisposing genes and by uncertainties concerning the extent of locus heterogeneity. One approach to solving this complexity is to examine the inheritance of pathophysiological processes mediating between genotype and disease phenotype. Here we evaluate whether deficits in neurocognitive functioning covary with degree of genetic relationship with a proband in the unaffected MZ and DZ co-twins of patients with schizophrenia. Twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia were recruited from a total population cohort and were compared with a demographically balanced sample of control twin pairs, on a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. The following four neuropsychological functions contributed uniquely to the discrimination of degree of genetic loading for schizophrenia and, when combined, were more highly correlated within MZ pairs than within DZ pairs, in both discordant and control twins: spatial working memory (i.e., remembering a sequence of spatial locations over a brief delay), divided attention (i.e., simultaneous performance of a counting and visual-search task), intrusions during recall of a word list (i.e., "remembering" nonlist items), and choice reaction time to visual targets. Together with evidence from human and animal studies of mediation of these functions by partially distinct brain systems, our findings suggest that there are multiple independently inherited dimensions of neural deficit in schizophrenia and encourage a search for genes contributing to quantitative variation in discrete aspects of disease liability. On tests of verbal and visual episodic memory, but not on the liability-related measures, patients were more impaired than their own MZ co-twins, suggesting a preferential impact of nongenetic influences on long-term memory systems.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Predictors of somatic symptoms: a five year follow up of adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Somatisation is common among adolescents. AIMS: To study factors predicting somatisation later in adulthood. METHODS: Self report questionnaires were administered at baseline examination in 1990 to students (mean age 16.8 years) in schools, and by mail five years later. Results are based on the 615 subjects with no serious disease or injury at baseline. RESULTS: Regression analyses showed that in men the level of somatic symptoms in 1995 was significantly predicted by the respective level in 1990 and by relief smoking. In women, the level of somatic symptoms in 1995 was significantly predicted by the respective level in 1990, self esteem, and the number of negative life events in 1990. After exclusion of cases with a long standing disease in 1995, the multivariate results remained materially similar except that self esteem was no longer significant among women. CONCLUSION: These findings may help in early identification of adolescents with somatisation persisting into early adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Psychological defense styles in late adolescence and young adulthood: a follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this follow-up study were to examine in both sexes (1) the stability of defense styles from late adolescence to early adulthood and (2) the ability of adolescent defense styles to predict later psychiatric symptoms. METHOD: Defense styles were examined using the Defense Style Questionnaire. Five hundred sixteen high school students (337 females and 179 males) completed the questionnaire at 15 through 19 years of age, and again 5 years later. In the follow-up examination the General Health Questionnaire was used to assess psychiatric disturbance. RESULTS: Neurotic and immature defense style scores decreased significantly in both sexes, whereas mature defense style scores did not change significantly. Females had significantly higher neurotic defense style scores than males in both late adolescence and young adulthood. Psychiatric disturbance at follow-up was associated positively with baseline immature defense style scores in both sexes, and negatively with baseline mature defense style scores in females. CONCLUSIONS: Development of defenses was apparent as a decrease in neurotic and immature defense style scores. In both sexes, immaturity of defenses in late adolescence predicted psychiatric symptoms in young adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Not Available].

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Egypt↗
PubMed1984

[Not Available].

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Egypt↗
PubMed1983

Schizophrenia and schizo-affective psychosis.

The position taken in the 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III), which holds that schizo-affective psychoses cannot be defined unequivocally, that no unambiguous criteria for these psychoses can be determined, and that they cannot be placed into either of the two main groups of functional psychoses, illustrates the present status of schizo-affective psychoses. The study of their position in relation to schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychoses is also essential: after all, the placing of a patient into either category plays a crucial role in the choice of treatment. For example, recent research on the success of lithium treatment in schizo-affective psychoses shows the practical relevance of this line of study. It seems that, like many other mental disorders, the internal structure of schizo-affective psychoses is highly heterogenous, and it is therefore not always possible to place them as a whole into either of Kraepelin's diagnostic categories.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictors of alcohol intake and heavy drinking in early adulthood: a 5-year follow-up of 15-19-year-old Finnish adolescents.

Relative contributions of earlier drinking and smoking vs mental health risk factors in predicting alcohol intake and heavy drinking in young adulthood were assessed. Higher average alcohol intake and heavy drinking (13 or more drinks on one occasion) in 1995 were significantly related to male gender and earlier high scores in 1990 of relief smoking, relief drinking, and their interaction. Parental alcohol problems, social group, perceived degree of social support, trait anxiety, number of negative life events, self-esteem, grade-point average, somatic symptoms score, or immature, neurotic, or mature defence style measured in 1990 did not predict alcohol intake or heavy drinking 5 years later. The findings suggest that alcohol intake and heavy drinking in young adulthood can be predicted by earlier self-reports on relief smoking and alcohol intake in adolescence.

Adolescent↗