How do you prevent c-sections?
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Cesarean Section↗
Biomedical subjects
A Tuttle
Publications and source records attributed to A Tuttle.
Methods of double-stranded RNA-mediated gene inactivation in Arabidopsis and their use to define an essential gene in methionine biosynthesis.
Controlled down-regulation of endogenous plant gene expression is a useful tool, but antisense and sense silencing lack predictability. Recent studies show that expression of both antisense and sense RNA together is an effective means of inactivating reporter and viral genes in plants. We created transgenic plants expressing antisense and sense RNA together in a single 'double-stranded RNA' (dsRNA) transcript. This approach shows great promise as a highly effective means for reducing gene function. With this approach, we demonstrated that the Arabidopsis cystathionine beta-lyase gene, which encodes a methionine biosynthetic enzyme, is essential for viability. Inactivation of this gene was rescued by the addition of methionine to the growth medium. Compared to antisense and sense constructs, the dsRNA construct showed a much more consistent and complete suppression of gene activity. Additionally, expression of a transcript with a spacer sequence containing an unrelated gene between antisense and sense luciferase gene fragments led to stronger inactivation of a second luciferase transgene than did constructs with a minimal spacing between sense and antisense fragments. However, the gene in the spacer region was neither functionally expressed nor functional in silencing a second, unlinked homologous transgene.
Arabidopsis↗
Assessing parental concerns of children with diabetes.
This study assesses levels of parental concern in a group of families who had a young child diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Despite high levels of concern for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, the parents reported that they managed their child's diabetes as recommended by the health care providers. No correlation was found between the concern ratings and level of glycemic control or incidence of severe hypoglycemic events.
Adult↗
Reporting medical neglect effectively: a guide for nurse practitioners working with child protective services.
Health care providers who suspect or observe medical neglect of chronic health problems in children are obligated to report the findings to Child Protective Services (CPS). Such reporting results in uneasiness for clinicians, who may jeopardize their therapeutic relationships with the patient and family, or worse, provoke them to withdraw from treatment. To the contrary, reporting medical neglect and discussing it openly and empathetically with the family can foster more cohesive teamwork and prompt families to address their problems. Knowing your state's child abuse laws, how to effectively report medical neglect, and how to communicate and collaborate with CPS caseworkers may result in the provision of therapeutic services to families. Enhancing family functioning can result in increased efforts toward caring for their child's medical problem.
Child↗
Activation of latent transgenes in Arabidopsis using a hybrid transcription factor.
A hybrid transcription factor comprising a fusion of the DNA-binding domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 and the transcription activation domain of maize C1 was expressed in stably transformed Arabidopsis. Additional transgenic lines were created containing test genes controlled by a synthetic promoter consisting of concatemeric copies of the cis-acting site recognized by GAL4 (UASG) fused to a minimal promoter. The GAL4/C1 effector line was crossed to two lines containing a synthetic promoter/GUS fusion. Both histochemical staining and GUS activity assays indicate strong activation of GUS expression was achieved only after crossing. The GAL4/C1 effector line was also crossed to 15 lines containing a synthetic promoter/antisense adenylosuccinate synthetase gene. Severely retarded growth, and in some cases lethality, was observed in 40% of the F1 lines. This system of activation by crossing is generally useful for activating expression of test transgenes.
Arabidopsis↗
Inhibition of serum albumin flux across exposed dentine following conditioning with GLUMA primer, glutaraldehyde or potassium oxalates.
A variety of medicaments used on dentine in various treatment procedures may cause a reduction in dentine permeability. By observing the flow of endogenous serum albumin across exposed dentine, agents known to promote dentine bonding of restorative resins or retard dentine sensitivity were assessed regarding their capacity to arrest dentinal fluid flow. Experiments were conducted in young adult macaque monkeys employing Class V cavity preparations in incisors and canines. A diffusion-in-gel-enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (DIG-ELISA) was used to quantitate serum albumin in effluents from these cavities at various time periods following either no treatment or topical application with GLUMA primer, glutaraldehyde or potassium oxalates. While in untreated cavities serum albumin continued to flow even after a period of 1 week, a substantial reduction or complete cessation of serum albumin flux was seen following topical application of the agents tested, suggesting a durable effect on dentinal fluid flow. No difference between agents was observed. Further cutting of the cavity bottom a few tenths of a millimetre resulted in renewed flow of serum albumin. Data suggest that the solutions tested are capable of reducing dentinal fluid flow onto exposed dentine surfaces.
Acid Etching, Dental↗
Effects of cyclosporine on the pathogenesis of primary cytomegalovirus infection in the guinea pig.
The effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) upon the pathogenesis of primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were investigated. Hartley and strain 2 guinea pigs were inoculated subcutaneously on day 0 with 10(4) TCD50 of virulent, salivary-gland-passaged guinea pig CMV and received oral CsA (20 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. CMV-infected, CsA-treated animals lost approximately 20% of their total body weight in 14 days and had more than twice the rate of CMV isolation from internal organs when compared with untreated controls, despite similar rates of viremia. Internal organs of CsA-treated animals demonstrated widespread viral inclusions and minimal inflammatory response to the presence of CMV-infected cells. The mean change in peripheral blood lymphocyte values for CMV-infected, CsA-treated Hartley guinea pigs was -2,867 +/- 2,955 (mean +/- SD) lymphocytes/microliters as compared to +10,933 +/- 7,583 in CMV-infected, untreated controls (p less than 0.01). In the guinea pig model, CsA administration had adverse effects upon the pathogenesis of primary CMV infection.
Animals↗