The effects of the aromatase inhibitor, CGS16949A, and the fluoropyrimidine, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), on cell cycle distribution and growth were studied using FACS analysis and MTT assay in the human breast cancer cell line, SK-BR-3. CGS16949A induced an increase in the G0-G1 fraction on SK-BR-3 cells, and the growth inhibition rate of the combination of both (65.7 +/- 3.0%) was significantly higher than 10 nM CGS16949A (37.9 +/- 6.9%) or 100 microg/ml 5-FU (45.6 +/- 4.5%); p < 0.01). Administering 5-FU after preincubation with CGS16949A significantly increased the combined cytotoxic efficacy, suggesting that clinical therapy using this combined therapy may be more efficient.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Latent high jugular bulb: case report and significance of neck compression test.

High jugular bulb is a vascular anomaly seen in the middle ear. In typical cases, the jugular bulb is easily observed through the tympanic membrane. We report here 3 patients with nontypical high jugular bulb. Their tympanic membranes were almost normal but protruded externally with pulsation when their necks were compressed. Computed tomography (CT) revealed jugular bulb protrusion into the tympanic cavities. We propose that this condition be named 'latent high jugular bulb'. Neck compression easily detects this condition and may also be useful in the detection of other disorders of the middle ear that are related to the venous system.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of an oral administration of Lactobacillus casei strain shirota on azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci and colon cancer in the rat.

The preventive effect of oral administration of viable Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colon cancers in the rat was investigated. The study consisted of two experiments; in a short-term experiment (Exp-I), the inhibitory effect of 8- and 12-week treatments with LcS. Forty rats each received weekly a subcutaneous injection of AOM at a dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight for 5 weeks. Eight and twelve weeks after the start of the carcinogen treatment, each subgroup of rats were sacrificed, and the colon and the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were removed. The number of ACFs and the surface marker of lymphocytes derived from the MLN were investigated. The large ACF (those comprising four or more aberrant crypts per focus) had significantly decreased in the rats which had consumed the LcS diet. And oral administration of viable LcS significantly recovered CD8 positive lymphocytes to the levels in the control group. In a long-term experiment (Exp-II), 30 rats each received weekly a subcutaneous injection of AOM at a dose of 7. 4 mg/kg of body weight for 10 weeks. Twenty-five weeks after the start of the carcinogen treatment, each subgroup of rats were sacrificed, and the colon were removed. The number and incidence of colon cancers were investigated. The number of rats with colon cancers and the number of colon cancers per rat, were significantly decreased in the rats which had consumed the LcS diet. LcS inhibited chemically-induced colon carcinogenesis in the rat. CD8 positive T lymphocytes may play a key role in the preventive effect against colon carcinogenesis.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of povidone-iodine on anastomotic tumor growth in an experimental model of colorectal cancer surgery.

Implantation of viable exfoliated tumor cells may be responsible for the local recurrence of colorectal cancer. Intraluminal colon cancer cells derived from chemically induced colon cancer in syngenic F344 rats, were introduced 2 cm proximally to a colonic anastomosis and anastomotic tumor growth was observed. Anastomotic tumor growth was found in about 30% of the animals, when sacrificed on the 3rd postoperative week. The cytotoxic efficacy of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) was tested with the same model. The administration of 10% PVP-I solution significantly reduced the incidence of tumor growth. Viable intraluminal tumor cells cause anastomotic tumor growth by becoming implanted on an anastomosis and PVP-I had effective cytotoxicity.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Histological findings after placement of a self-expanding stent in rectal carcinoma with complete obstruction--case report.

Patients with acute obstruction due to colorectal carcinomas frequently require emergency surgery. However, such emergency procedures are associated with various complications, a high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. If the obstruction could be immediately relieved, the patient could later undergo an elective operation with a much better prognosis. Recently, expanding metallic stents have been used to treat obstruction due to colorectal carcinoma. In the case reported here, we initially inserted a colonoscopic retrograde bowel drainage tube per anus to achieve decompression. We then placed a self-expanding metallic stent, since we anticipated a prolonged preoperative period due to high fever, congestive heart failure, cerebral infarction, and persistent high blood sugar concentrations. The patient had no complications for 57 days after placement of the stent, and eventually underwent an elective operation. Histologically, the side of the cancerous lesion compressed by the stent was thin and consisted solely of a serosal layer. Implantation of a metallic stent is safe for the treatment of acute malignant obstruction. Stent placement is indicated not only as a palliative treatment for inoperable or recurrent cases, but also as a preoperative procedure before elective surgical resection.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Growth rate of experimental colon cancer in the absence of fecal stream and antitumor effect of UFT in rats.

Growth rate of a chemically-induced colon tumor in the absence of fecal stream was investigated and the tumors to a chemotherapeutic agent tested. Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats received dimethylhydrazine (40 mg/kg) s.c. once weekly for 10 wk to induce colon cancer. Then a colostomy was performed to produce a defunctioning colon without fecal stream. 22 wk after beginning the carcinogen treatment, a barium enema was performed to visualize tumors in the defunctionalized colon. 29 rats died postoperatively and 16 had no tumor radiographically. The remaining 35 rats were divided into a control group and UFT treatment group. After 5 wk of treatment, the barium enema was repeated. The mean doubling time of 19 tumors in the control group was 9.8 days +/- 4.0 (SD). Response to UFT was judged as effective when the doubling time exceeded 17.8 days, calculated from the mean +/- 2SDs in the control group. The response rate of UFT was 48%. The growth rate of colon tumors without fecal stream was faster and more stable than those with fecal stream; as a result, the sensitivity to UFT became higher than that in tumors with fecal stream (36%), which was reported in our previous study. The present experimental system may be more accurate for assessing the response to chemotherapeutic agents.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A model for sensitivity determination of anticancer agents against chemically-induced colon cancer in rats.

Chemically-induced colon cancer was used to test the sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapeutic agents. Seventy-one Sprague-Dawley rats received dimethylhydrazine (20mg/kg) s.c. once weekly for 20 weeks to induce colon cancer. Then a barium enema was performed to see the size of colon tumors. The animals were divided into three groups that were subjected to the following treatments: 5-fluorouracil (5 FU); 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5 FU(FT); and a mixture of FT and uracil (UFT). After 5 weeks of treatment, the barium enema was repeated. "Response" was assessed on the basis of tumor doubling time. Response rates in the 5-FU, FT, and UFT groups were 25%, 33% and 36%, respectively and this reflects the clinical data of these drugs. The present system may be a predictive model for screening anticancer drugs for human colorectal cancer.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of sodium benzylideneascorbate on chemically-induced tumors in rats.

Intravenous administration of sodium benzylideneascorbate (SBA) dose-dependently induced degeneration (vacuolar and eosinophilic degeneration and cell shrinkage and nuclear condensation, which are characteristic of apoptotic cell death) of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma. SBA did not significantly induce lymphocyte infiltration and fibrosis in the liver, nor damage the gross morphology of kidney and spleen cells. SBA failed to stimulate the production of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 beta in both in vitro and in vivo systems. These results may suggest a direct antitumor action of SBA via induction of apoptosis in the tumor. However, SBA did not significantly affect the doubling time, or the extent of invasion and differentiation of dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinoma in rats. These data suggest that the conditions of SBA administration should be re-established for each tumor sample to produce maximum antitumor activity.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Colorectal cancer after pelvic irradiation: case reports.

Four patients with colorectal cancer after pelvic irradiation for gynaecological malignancies are reported. The interval between irradiation and the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was 15-28 years. Histological findings of radiation proctocolitis adjacent to the cancer were observed in all specimens. Ki-67 immunohistologic staining showed high cell proliferation activity in the irradiated mucosa of a recently removed specimen. Although irradiation has not been proved to induce colorectal cancer, considerable circumstantial evidence supports this belief. Awareness of this potential long-term complication is important when planing the follow-up of patients subjected to pelvic radiotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Antitumor effect of S-1 on DMH induced colon cancer in rats.

The aim of this study was to establish an autochthonous colon cancer model in the rat as an in vivo secondary screen for the general evaluation of new anticancer agents against colorectal cancer, and also to evaluate practically the antitumor activity of 1M tegafur-0.4M 5- chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine-1M potassium oxonate(S-1), a new p.o. fluoropyrimidine. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats received dimethlhydrazine(40 mg/kg) s.c. once weekly for 10 weeks to induce colon cancer.20 weeks after beginning the carcinogen treatment, a barium enema was performed to visualize tumors. The animals were divided into a control group and S-1 treatment group. After 5 weeks of treatment, the barium enema was repeated. The mean doubling time of 24 tumors in the control group was 19.0 + 8.4 (SD) days. Response to S-1 was judged as effective when the doubling time exceeded 35.8 days, calculated from the mean + 2SDs in the control group. The response rate of S-1 was 55%, 34% of the tumors were decreased in size after treatment. This figure was higher than that of clinically-used 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) derivatives; 5-FU;6%, Tegafur(FT):6%, 1M tegafur-4M uracil(UFT):14%, reported in our previous study. An autochthonous colon cancer model is useful to evaluate the clinical therapeutic efficacy of drugs for colorectal cancer, and S-1 is expected to have a high therapeutic effect on human colorectal cancer.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Delineation of small nerves and blood vessels with three-dimensional fast spin-echo MR imaging: comparison of presurgical and surgical findings in patients with hemifacial spasm.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We applied a 3D fast spin-echo (3D-FSE) MR imaging technique to the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of patients with hemifacial spasm. METHODS: The study group comprised 20 patients. All images were acquired on a 1.5-T MR system with a 3D-FSE sequence. RESULTS: In all 20 patients, the courses of the seventh and eighth cranial nerves were depicted separately, and the arteries presumed to be responsible for the hemifacial spasm were seen to be in contact with the facial nerves at the root exit zone (REZ). Eight patients underwent neurovascular decompression. In all patients, the presumed responsible blood vessels depicted by 3D-FSE MR imaging corresponded to intraoperative findings. In addition, postoperative 3D-FSE images confirmed the separation of the facial nerve from a contiguous vessel at the REZ. DISCUSSION: The 3D-FSE technique makes it possible to obtain extremely high-quality images of microstructures in the cerebellopontine cistern, and it has several advantages over conventional angiography: it is noninvasive and able to depict the cranial nerves and surrounding vessels in the same image without contrast material, and it may be useful for postoperative evaluation of the decompression procedure. This imaging technique is expected to prove useful for the clinical evaluation of hemifacial spasm.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Antitumor effect of hepatocyte growth factor on hepatoblastoma.

A six month-old girl presented with an abdominal mass, and high serum level of alpha-fetoprotein. She was diagnosed as having a well-differentiated hepatoblastoma by open biopsy. The biopsy specimen was transplanted on a nude mouse, and a xenograft was successfully established. Because the xenograft maintained the characteristics of the original tumor, the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on hepatoblastoma xenograft was investigated. Recently HGF was reported to be involved in growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Contrary to our expectations, the treatment of hepatoblastoma xenograft with recombinant 20 ng/ml HGF produced a marked inhibition of cell growth and a suppression of producing alpha-fetoprotein.

Animals↗