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Biomedical subjects

A Tsunoda

Publications and source records attributed to A Tsunoda.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Radioimmune assay of sialyltransferase and N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activities using specific antibodies on a 96-well filtration plate of a multiscreen assay system.

A new assay method for glycosphingolipid glycosyl-transferase activities was developed using a 96-well filtration plate of a MultiScreen assay system. An acceptor glycosphingolipid and a donor radioactive nucleotide sugar were incubated with an enzyme source in a well of the filtration plate. After incubation, both identification and quantification of the reaction product were carried out simultaneously using a specific antibody for the product which was trapped on a filtration membrane of the plate as a complex with Staphylococcus aureus protein A (IgGSorb). This assay method was used for determining the activity of cytidine 5'-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid:Lcn4Cer alpha 2----6sialyltransferase and uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetyl galactosamine:GM3 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. In addition to the simple and rapid identification and quantification of the product, this method proved to be as reliable and sensitive as the previously published assay procedures. Furthermore, this assay method can be used with a high concentration of detergent which should not be used in the other procedures described previously using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods on a 96-well multiplate even if the enzyme reaction might require a certain percentage of the detergent concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Increased polyamine levels of normal-appearing mucosa and cancers in DMH induced cancer-bearing colon in rats].

Polyamine levels (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) in normal-appearing colonic mucosa of DMH administrated rats were measured in order to assess their importance as markers of precancerous changes. Mean putrescine, spermidine and spermine levels of normal-appearing mucosa were more than three times mean putrescine, more than twice mean spermidine and more than 1.5 times mean spermine levels of normal colonic mucosa. Mean polyamine levels of colon cancers were higher than those of normal-appearing mucosa but only spermidine level was significantly different between them. The mucosal polyamine levels may be a good biochemical marker to detect precancerous changes. There was no correlation between the polyamine levels and the growth rate of the colon cancers.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Raised polyamines in erythrocytes of DMH administrated rats with colonic cancers and those relationship to tumor volume].

The objective of this study was to assess, in a controlled experimental system, whether the concentrations of polyamines (Pa) in urine or erythrocytes increase during the process of colon carcinogenesis in rats, and whether such changes reflect tumor volume. Colon carcinoma was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by subcutaneous injection of 1, -2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH). 24-hour urine and blood samples were collected and analysed for their Pa consent, with high pressure liquid chromatographic method. The levels of any Pa derivatives in either urine or erythrocytes at 32 weeks after the administration of DMH were not significantly high compared with the control group at the same week. However, certain increases of Pa in erythrocytes were observed in the levels of putrescine (1.3 times), spermidine (1.3 times), and spermine (1.5 times) respectively compared with the control group and there were high positive correlations between tumor volume and the levels of each Pa derivatives. On the ground of the results, Pa in erythrocytes seems to be the sensitive parameter for tumor volume compared with Pa in urine.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1990

Incidence of dysplasia in the anorectal mucosa in patients having restorative proctocolectomy.

The incidence of dysplasia in the mucosal strippings from the anorectal stump was studied in 132 patients treated by restorative proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatosis. The anorectal mucosa was stripped from the level of division of the gut tube to the dentate line. Of 118 patients with ulcerative colitis, 12 (10.2 per cent) had dysplasia in some part of the large bowel. Mucosal strippings were examined histologically in 118 cases, of which only three (2.5 per cent) showed dysplasia. There was a correlation between dysplasia and the presence of carcinoma and the duration of the disease in the operative specimen of colon and rectum and also in the anorectal mucosal specimen although the number of patients with carcinoma (eight cases) in this analysis was small. All 14 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis showed large bowel mucosal dysplasia in the operative specimen which was severe in six cases. Anorectal mucosal strippings were examined in these patients and 12 showed dysplasia which was severe in three.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1990

Decrease in childhood neuroblastoma death in Japan.

Death statistics cards under 15 years of age submitted between 1979 and 1987 and coded as malignant neoplasms of organs or sites, in which neuroblastoma might affect, were inspected. A total of 1,037 cases of neuroblastoma death were identified. Total number of neuroblastoma deaths among those under 15 years of age ranged between 118 and 145 from 1979 to 1984. However, after 1985 the number of deaths showed a declining tendency, down to 89 in both 1985 and 1986 and totalling only 93 in 1987. This declining tendency was mostly-seen among children between 1 to 4 years of age. In this age group, the rate of death in 1987 was about one half of that in 1979; In the other age groups no declining tendency of neuroblastoma death was found. The reason for the decrease in neuroblastoma death among children in Japan may be a result of widespread mass-screening for neuroblastoma. However, further study is necessary before any final conclusions can be drawn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Surgical treatment of reflux stricture of the esophagus.

Ten children, aged 7 months to 15 years, with peptic esophageal stricture, were treated surgically. In four of the children, the stricture had occurred after esophageal anastomosis. Peptic stricture was diagnosed by esophagography, pH monitoring, manometry, and esophagoscopy. Barrett's esophagus was found in two children. Nine children underwent transabdominal Nissen fundoplication initially. In the first child of this series, a tight anastomotic stricture had been excised 2 weeks before fundoplication. Seven children became complaint-free within 2 or 3 months after fundoplication without any dilatation, and two children with anastomotic stricture improved after 1 or 2 postoperative dilatations. The condition of one boy, with a 6-year history of tight stricture, did not improve with repeat Nissen and subsequent dilatations. Histological examination showed proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the submucosa. A conservative surgical approach is effective for the management of peptic esophageal stricture in children, and direct surgical intervention for stricture should be attempted only in cases of stricture resistant to antireflux surgery with a long history of reflux.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of sympathectomy on capillaries of the cochlear lateral wall.

The right superior cervical ganglia of 11 cats were removed. After intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase, both sides of the cochleas were infused with 2% glutaraldehyde and the lateral wall of the cochlea was then microdissected. As control group, both sides of the cochleas of 4 cats were extracted while the superior cervical ganglia remained intact. The samples were incubated after a modified Graham-Karnovsky method and observed by light microscopy. The diameters of the capillaries of the stria vascularis and spiral ligaments were measured. In 8 cats (73%), the diameters of the capillaries of the stria vascularis on the side on which sympathectomy was performed were significantly greater than those on the opposite side. There was no statistical difference between the diameters of the capillaries of the spiral ligament on either the sympathectomized side or the intact side, except in 2 cats. In the control group (in which the superior cervical ganglia were left intact), no statistical difference was found as regards the diameters of the stria vascularis capillaries on either the left or right side. In summary, sympathectomy affected only the capillaries of the stria vascularis and not those of the spiral ligament.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Mass screening for neuroblastoma in Japan. Committee of the Neuroblastoma Mass Screening Study of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Oncology.

The present status of NB mass screening in Japan, which is the first national trial in the world, is presented. This program was conducted in cooperation with infants' mothers, local health centers, screening centers and hospitals. Three hundred and thirty-seven cases detected by the program, from the start in Kyoto in 1974 to the end of 1989, are analyzed. As many cases were detected at early stages, 97% of them were expected to be cured. Several clinical, technical and programmatic problems are also discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Growth rate of experimental colonic cancer in rats].

Colonic cancers were induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine. Tumor growth patterns were estimated by means of a double contrast barium enema technique. Tumor growth was almost exponential and the average doubling time was 20 +/- 5 (m +/- S.D.) days, at which time three different types of tumor growth patterns: Constant type, decreasing type and reaccelerating type, were noted. Serial double contrast barium enema technique appeared to be an useful method of studying in vivo primary colonic cancer growth patterns in rats.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1989

Serum anti-PT and anti-FHA antibody levels, and agglutinin titers after administration of acellular pertussis vaccines.

Simultaneous evaluation of acellular pertussis vaccines from three manufacturers (Takeda, Biken, and Chiba) was performed. After receiving two doses of acellular pertussis vaccine in the form of DPT (diphtheria pertussis tetanus), both infants and children showed high serum anti-PT (pertussis toxin) and anti-FHA (filamentous hemagglutinin) antibody levels. These levels were equivalent to those observed in children in the convalescent stage of natural pertussis infection. Children who received 2 doses of Biken vaccine showed higher anti-PT and anti-FHA antibody levels than those who received Takeda or Chiba vaccine. Elevation of agglutinin titers was observed in children who received either Takeda or Chiba vaccine.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on respiratory infections in the field of primary care (I). Correlation between viral infection and secondary bacterial infection in patients visiting a doctor in private practice].

We attempted to find out whether there is a correlation between viral infection and secondary bacterial infection on the basis of the analysis of the results of the culture of virus and bacteria in the same specimen from the throat swabs of 95 patients who had an acute upper respiratory inflammation when they visited a doctor in private practice in Sendai city during the epidemic caused by influenza virus. Viral culture was performed by a microplate-method devised originally by Numazaki. The influenza virus was recovered from 56 cases (59%) consisting of 43 cases of type A (Hong-Kong) and 13 cases of type B. From 73 cases, (77%), 79 strains of possibly pathogenic bacteria were recovered, consisting of 43 strains of H. influenzae, 18 strains of S. aureus, seven strains of S. pneumoniae, four strains each of C. freundii and S. liquefaciens and one strain each of beta-haemolytic Streptococcus and B. catarrhalis. The incidence of positive culture of both virus and possibly pathogenic bacteria was high already at the early stage (2-3 days) of the disease. We found no correlation between the type of virus and the species of the microbial isolates. There was no difference in the incidence of positive bacterial culture in relation to age group. We suggest that a secondary bacterial infection occurs already at the early stage of the disease after viral infection because the incidence of positive culture of possibly pathogenic bacteria was high at the above stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Urine levels of polyamine in patients with or without cancer].

The urine levels of polyamine (total amount of putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine) were measured in patients with or without cancer by simple enzymatic assay method. In 148 control healthy adults, the urine levels of polyamine were 23.1 +/- 7.1 mumole/g. creatinine, whereas among 52 patients with benign diseases, the level in only 5 patients was slightly higher than normal level. The polyamine levels in 170 patients with cancer was 46.1 +/- 50.6 mumole/g. creatinine, which was about 2-times higher than normal level. In the patients with cancer of the stomach or the colon and rectum, the increase in polyamine level appeared to be correlated with the clinical stage of tumor. Following successful surgical resection of cancer, the polyamine level increased in one week transitorily after operation but gradually decreased to normal level within 5 weeks. Whereas following unsuccessful surgical resection of cancer, the polyamine value maintained high levels. The evidence suggests that the measurement of the urine level of polyamine is useful for the diagnosis of cancer or the clinical stage of tumor, and it will be helpful in the evaluation of therapeutic effects and prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Toxicological evaluation of quartz and silica contents in studded tire-generated dust in the city of Sendai.

Roadside dust samples were collected at six locations in the City of Sendai at the end of the winter season of 1980-1981, and analyzed for quartz and silica contents. X-ray diffraction and ICP analyses revealed that the mean quartz and silica contents in dust samples were 14.6% (ranging from 12.2 to 19.4%) and 56.3% (53.7 to 59.7%), respectively. From these results in connection with current dust levels and estimated duration of exposure, it appears likely that the risk of silicosis among the citizens may not be high if appropriate measures are taken to protect the atmosphere.

Quartz↗
PubMed1985

Immunohistochemical study of neuroblastoma and related tumors with anti-S-100 protein antibody.

Histological sections of 36 cases of neuroblastoma and related tumors were studied with anti-S-100 protein antibody (PAP method). Schwann cells in the ganglioneuromas and ganglioneuroblastomas always strongly stained. In addition, varying numbers of spindle-shaped or elongated positively staining cells, which were probably Schwann cells and their precursor cells, were demonstrated in ganglioneuroblastoma and differentiating neuroblastoma. Undifferentiated round cell neuroblastoma showed no reaction. Immunohistochemical findings of these cases were classified into four groups (+ +, +, +/-, -) according to the number of the positive cells and compared with prognosis, histological typing, location of the tumors, stage, and age at surgery. The cases with many positive cells, group (+ +) showed excellent prognosis, and group (-) showed very poor prognosis. The results of this study indicate that S-100 protein staining provides a reliable objective method for evaluation of differentiation of the neuroblastoma cells toward Schwann cells, which appears to be an important factor to predict prognosis.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Mass screening for neuroblastoma in infants in Japan. Interim report of a mass screening study group.

A mass screening system for the early detection by means of a vanillylmandelic acid test of neuroblastoma in 6-month-old infants in Japan has been developed in eight districts. 16 of the 281 939 infants screened by this test had neuroblastoma, equivalent to a very high incidence of 1 in 17 621. 15 of the 16 children with neuroblastoma are alive; the other child died 1 month after surgery. This mass screening system for neuroblastoma used in infancy can help to improve prognosis in infants with this malignant disorder.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Hepatitis B surface antigen positive hepatocellular carcinoma in children. Report of a case and review of the literature.

This report describes a case of adult type hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of a ten-year-old boy. The liver showed no cirrhosis but hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-antigen) was demonstrated in the non-neoplastic liver cells. Serological examination of his family revealed positive HBs-antigen of the patient's mother suggesting familial transmission to the patient in his early life. Histologic demonstration of HBs-antigen was performed on 36 adult HCC cases and 14 childhood cases including three HCC and eleven hepatoblastoma. HBs-antigen was demonstrated in 12 adult cases, one of which showed no cirrhosis. All childhood cases except for the one presented here showed no HBs-antigen. Review of the literature disclosed four other cases of HBs-antigen positive HCC in children. The present case is unique in that the non-neoplastic portion of the liver showed neither hepatitic nor cirrhotic manifestations. These HBs-antigen positive HCC in childhood may imply the significant relationship between HB virus and HCC not only in adult but also in childhood.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1982

Astrovirus-associated epidemic gastroenteritis in Japan.

An outbreak of epidemic gastroenteritis associated with astrovirus, the first case reported in Japan, is described. Not only children (5-6 years of age), but also staff members of a kindergarten were affected. the virus particles detected in stools were 28-30 nm in diameter with a circular outline and had the characteristic star-like configuration which allowed identification as astrovirus. Significant immune responses to the virus were confirmed by immune electron microscopy. Out of 84 children, 43 (54.2%) were affected; the common symptoms were vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever. All the patients recovered completely within 48 hours. Occurrence of gastroenteritis due to contact with these patients was observed in 14 of 43 families.

Antibodies, Viral↗